NaF(sodium fluoride)용기를 이용한 Glucose와 HbA1c의 성적에 관한 비교분석

정안나 ( An Na Jung ),최정미 ( Jung Mi Choi ),최삼규 ( Sam Kyu Choi ),조영숙 ( Young Sook Cho ),박정오 ( Jung Oh Park ) 대한임상검사과학회 2003 대한임상검사과학회지(KJCLS) Vol.35 No.1

The blood glucose and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) tests play important roles in many diabetes research projects, including the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT). This study was conducted to research the effectiveness of conducting HbA1c tests with NaF containers that have been used for blood glucose testing in diabetes screening. We performed glucose tests (HA7170, Hexokinase method) and HbA1cs (Variant II, HPLC method) with 150 patient subjects. The correlation coefficients value(r) was 0.9943 (P<0.01, y=0.9967x+0.0275) for HbA1c tests using the EDTA and NaF containers. Compared with glucose concentrations, mean HbA1c concentrations were 70-110 mg/dL 5.21±0.52%, 110-200 mg/dL 5.36±0.88%, and 200-400 mg/dL 9.71±3.22% with the correlation coefficients value(r)=0.6381(P<0.01, y=0.0227x+ 2.9434). These results suggest that performing blood glucose and HbA1c tests with NaF containers at the same time is a possibility. In the abnormal range of blood glucose test levels(110 mg/dL > blood glucose>200 mg/dL), the rate of accordance with HbA1c readings is greater than 95%. In the range of normal blood glucose test levels(110 mg/dL < blood glucose < 200 mg/dL), occurrences where there are high blood glucose readings and normal HbA1c readings is greater than 50%. In general, HbA1c values have been referred to in monitoring MBG (Mean Blood Glucose), but for more precise data, it is important that both tests be conducted together. Furthermore, HbA1c testing is more useful than blood glucose testing because HbA1c determines MBG concentrations that are less affected by time variations than blood glucose test results.

NFC 기반의 무전원 개인용 혈당 측정기의 설계 및 구현

조현태 대한전자공학회 2020 전자공학회논문지 Vol.57 No.8

A blood-glucose meter is an in vitro diagnostic device to measure and control glucose in the blood of the diabetics. Although ICT technology has been advanced, the blood-glucose measurement system still consists of a lancet, a strip, and a meter and it is difficult to share the measured data to others such as a doctor or family. This paper designs and implements an energy harvesting blood-glucose meter based on NFC to measure the glucose level in the blood. The proposed blood-glucose meter based on NFC does not contain its own battery, but it harvests energy from NFC frequency transmitted by the smartphone and then it operates the system. The blood-glucose meter based on NFC goes through some process including measurement, correction, and transmission needed for glucose measurement. In order to display the measured data to the user, to store it to the database, to send or receive to/from another device, this paper also implements a dedicated Android application. In addition, we also conducted performance evaluation to verify the superiority of the proposed blood-glucose meter. The result shows that standard deviation is approximately 17nA and the repeat measurement error in a single device is approximately within ±17.5nA which is much smaller than the requirement of ISO 15197. The proposed blood-glucose meter based on not only has the superiority than traditional meters in cost and convenience but also can provide smart functions such as remote diagnosis. 혈당 측정 시스템은 당뇨 환자들 혈당 수치를 측정 및 조절하기 위해 사용되는 체외진단기기 중 하나이다. ICT 기술이 발전했음에도 불구하고, 혈당 측정 시스템은 여전히 채혈기, 검사지, 측정기의 세트로 구성되며, 측정기에서 측정된 데이터의 공유 또는 전달이 부자연스럽다. 본 논문에서는 스마트폰을 이용하여 혈당을 측정하고 획득된 데이터를 무선 네트워크를 통해 송수신이 자유로운 NFC 기반의 무전원 개인용 혈당 측정기를 설계 및 구현한다. 제안한 NFC 기반의 혈당 측정기는 자체 내장 배터리를 소유하고 있지 않고, 스마트폰의 NFC 통신 주파수를 통해 전력을 수집하여 혈당 측정기를 동작시킨다. 전원을 생성한 NFC 기반의 무전원 혈당 측정기는 혈당 측정을 위한 일련의 과정을 통해 얻어진 결과를 자체적으로 보정하여 스마트폰으로 전달한다. 수집된 데이터를 사용자에게 보여주고 데이터베이스 저장하며, 저장된 데이터는 사용자의 요구에 따라 원격지로 송신하기 위해 본 논문에서는 안드로이드 기반 전용앱을 구현하였다. 더불어, 본 논문에서는 설계된 NFC 기반의 무전원 혈당 측정기의 성능을 평가하기 위해 10개의 측정기를 성능 평가 하였다. 성능 평가결과, 측정기 간의 편차는 17nA 수준으로 나타났고, 한 측정기에서의 반복 측정 오차는 최대 ± 17.5nA이 오차를 보여 ISO 15197에서 요구하는 정확도를 충분히 만족함을 검증하였다. 본 논문에서 설계 및 구현된 측정기는 전통적인 혈당 측정 시스템들보다 가격 경쟁력과 환자의 편리성 측면에서 우수성을 가지며, 나아가 원격 진료와 같은 스마트 기능을 용이하게 제공할 수 있다.

Noninvasive In-Vivo Estimation of Blood-Glucose Concentration Using Beer-Lambert-Based Model

초두리아지멀하크,시팟 호세인,권태호,김형근,김기두 한국통신학회 2023 韓國通信學會論文誌 Vol.48 No.7

Noninvasive measurement of blood-glucose concentration can reduce both pain and complications associated with piercing the human fingertip to collect blood. Photoplethysmography (PPG) is a helpful technique that can be used to measure blood-glucose concentration without a blood sample. To facilitate such noninvasive in-vivo estimation, we propose a model based on the Beer-Lambert law for measuring blood-glucose concentration using the PPG signal. Notably, only two wavelengths are used. First, the oxygen saturation (SpO2) is estimated from the ratio of absorbance at two wavelengths, then another absorbance ratio is presented, and the blood-glucose concentration is estimated by substituting the SpO2 estimated earlier to this ratio. The PPG signals from 40 subjects were collected along with their reference blood-glucose concentrations and SpO2 values. The PPG-based blood-glucose concentrations are then calculated using mathematical equations derived from the Beer-Lambert law. A supervised machine learning model, XGBoost, is applied to calibrate the estimation model with the reference values measured using a commercial device; according to our experimental results, the Pearson correlation coefficient (Pearson’s r) value is 0.85. The proposed model based on the Beer-Lambert law thus provides a method for in-vivo estimation of blood glucose in daily applications.

Effect of Glucose-Sweetened Drinks on Blood Glucose, Energy, and Water Intake at a Meal 3h Later in Healthy Males

Kim, Seok-Young The Korean Nutrition Society 2006 Nutritional Sciences Vol.9 No.4

The aims of this study were to describe the effects of glucose-sweetened drinks on blood glucose, energy, and water intake at a meal 3 hours later. The effect of blood glucose on prandial energy intake and the relationship between water and energy intake during a meal were also determined. Twenty healthy normal-weight men were fed pizza test meals 3h after consuming four drinks of 0, 50g, 65g, and 75g glucose in random order, within-subjects design. Blood samples were measured at baseline and every 30 min after ingestion of drinks and 30min after the end of the test meal and the appetite was also assessed by visual analog test at the same interval. The results of this study showed that various glucose drinks altered blood glucose responses compared with that of water control(p<0.0001). Blood glucose areas under the curve(AUC) for glucose-sweetened drinks were significantly(p<0.05) higher than that for the control over 3 hours after a drink and 30 min after the test meal. Consumption of the glucose-sweetened drinks significantly increased(p<0.05) energy and water intake at a test meal compared with the water control, except the drink containing 75g glucose. For all drinks combined, the energy intake was negatively correlated with the blood glucose and positively correlated with the volume of water consumed at a test meal at 3 hours later.

Effect of Glucose-Sweetened Drinks on Blood Glucose, Energy, and Water Intake at a Meal 3h Later in Healthy Males

Seok-Young Kim 한국영양학회 2006 Nutritional Sciences Vol.9 No.4

The aims of this study were to describe the effects of glucose-sweetened drinks on blood glucose, energy, and water intake at a meal 3 hours later. The effect of blood glucose on prandial energy intake and the relationship between water and energy intake during a meal were also determined. Twenty healthy normal-weight men were fed pizza test meals 3h after consuming four drinks of 0, 50g, 65g, and 75g glucose in random order, within-subjects design. Blood samples were measured at baseline and every 30 min after ingestion of drinks and 30min after the end of the test meal and the appetite was also assessed by visual analog test at the same interval. The results of this study showed that various glucose drinks altered blood glucose responses compared with that of water control(p<0.0001). Blood glucose areas under the curve(AUC) for glucose-sweetened drinks were significantly(p<0.05) higher than that for the control over 3 hours after a drink and 30 min after the test meal. Consumption of the glucose-sweetened drinks significantly increased(p<0.05) energy and water intake at a test meal compared with the water control, except the drink containing 75g glucose. For all drinks combined, the energy intake was negatively correlated with the blood glucose and positively correlated with the volume of water consumed at a test meal at 3 hours later.

Effects and Mechanisms of Silkworm Powder as a Blood Glucose-Lowerinly Agent

Ryu, Kang-Sun,Lee, Heui-Sam,Kim, Iksoo Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2002 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.4 No.2

Cocoon production, which is a representative of traditional sericulture shifted into silkworm powder production in the spring of 1995. This, infect, signifies the change from the dress-centered textile business to the bio-industry and the functional resource industry. One of the most outstanding shifting is utilization of silkworm larvae for anti-diabetic agent. In Asian countries including Korea, silkworm powder derived from the domestic silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) has long been favored for anti-diabetic agent, but its efficacy was not tested until last decade by modern scientific methods. In this article, we reviewed the major researches on the silkworm powder as a blood glucose-lowering substance. After the beginning test of the efficacy of silkworm powder by a cooperative research between Department of Sericulture and Entomlogy, NIAST, RDA and Kyung Hee University, substantial data have been accumulated so far, In a serial experiment to select best condition, the fifth instar larvae prepared by freeze dry method turned out to have the best blood glucose-lowering effect. In the pharmacological experiment to understand the mechanism of silkworm powder in small intestine, the silkworm powder turned out to inhibit the activity of ${\alpha}$-glucosidase, by competitively binding to $\alpha$-type disaccharides. The animal experiment showed that the extract of silkworm powder prevents a rapid increase of blood glucose level after meal and prevents hunger and law blood glucose level during empty stomach. In the experiment to isolate the major component of silkworm powder, which exerts blood glucose-lowering effect, 1-deoxynojirimy-cin (DNJ) was eventually mass-purified, and it turned out that DNJ isolated from silkworm powder was excellent in its blood glucose-lowering effect. In the experiment to understand the personal difference of the efficacy of the silkworm powder, clinical candidates were divided on the basis of the criterion of traditional Chinese medicine: Tae-Yang, Tae-Um, So-yang, and So-Um. The result showed that silkworm powder has a tendency to reduce blood glucose level at fasting and at 2 hours after meal, and this trend was somewhat obvious in the Tae-Um body type. In summary, we reviewed scientific papers on the efficacy of silkworm powder and its purified DNJ as a blood glucose-lowering agent. These suggest that silkworm powder truly possesses blood glucose-lowering effect as documented in the traditional Chinese medicine, although further researches will be required to develop them as "medical" resource instead of functional food.

The effect of glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1 polymorphisms on blood pressure, blood glucose, and lipid profiles following the supplementation of kale (Brassica oleracea acephala) juice in South Korean subclinical hypertensive patients

Jeong-Hwa Han,Hye-Jin Lee,Tae-Seok Kim,Myung-Hee Kang 한국영양학회 2015 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.9 No.1

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Glutathione S-transferase (GST) forms a multigene family of phase II detoxification enzymes which are involved in the detoxification of reactive oxygen species. This study examines whether daily supplementation of kale juice can modulate blood pressure (BP), levels of lipid profiles, and blood glucose, and whether this modulation could be affected by the GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms. SUBJECTS/METHODS: 84 subclinical hypertensive patients showing systolic BP over 130 mmHg or diastolic BP over 85 mmHg received 300 ml/day of kale juice for 6 weeks, and blood samples were collected on 0-week and 6-week in order to evaluate plasma lipid profiles (total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol) and blood glucose. RESULTS: Systolic and diastolic blood pressure was significantly decreased in all patients regardless of their GSTM1 or GSTT1 polymorphisms after kale juice supplementation. Blood glucose level was decreased only in the GSTM1-present genotype, and plasma lipid profiles showed no difference in both the GSTM1-null and GSTM1-present genotypes. In the case of GSTT1, on the other hand, plasma HDL-C was increased and LDL-C was decreased only in the GSTT1-present type, while blood glucose was decreased only in the GSTT1-null genotype. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the supplementation of kale juice affected blood pressure, lipid profiles, and blood glucose in subclinical hypertensive patients depending on their GST genetic polymorphisms, and the improvement of lipid profiles was mainly greater in the GSTT1-present genotype and the decrease of blood glucose was greater in the GSTM1-present or GSTT1-null genotypes.

PPG 혈당 모니터링 시스템의 분석적 평가 – 연구자 임상

박철구,최상기,조성근,김권민 한국디지털정책학회 2023 디지털융복합연구 Vol.21 No.3

본 연구는 모세관 혈당의 혈당값을 대조군으로 연구 참가자의 혈액 포도당을 모니티링할 때 PPG 센서와 DNN 예측알고리즘이 융합된 혈당모니터링 시스템(PPG-BGMS)의 성능을 평가하는 것이다. 연구는 2023년 9월부터 2023년 11월까지 참가자를 대상으로 실시된 연구자 임상시험이다. PPG-BGMS는 1분간의 심박수, 심박변이도 정보와 DNN 예측알고리즘을 활용한 예측된 혈당수치와 개인용혈당관리시스템의 혈당측정기로 측정한 모세관혈당 수치와 비교했 다. 총 100명의 참가자 중 제2형 당뇨(T2DM) 유병인은 50명이며, 평균연령은 67세(28세~89세)이다. PPG-BGMS의 예측혈당의 100%가 Clarke 오류그리드 및 Parker(Consensus) 오류그리드의 A+B 영역에 분포하는 것으로 나타났다. PPG-BGMS 예측 혈당의 MARD 값은 5.3 ± 4.0 %이다. 결과에 의하면 비채혈식 PPG-BGMS는 임상표준의 채혈식 개인용 혈당측정시스템의 순간 혈당수치와 비교하여 열등하지 않는 것으로 분석되었다. This study is a performance evaluation of a blood sugar monitoring system that combines a PPG sensor, which is an evaluation device for blood glucose monitoring, and a DNN algorithm when monitoring capillary blood glucose. The study is a researcher-led clinical trial conducted on participants from September 2023 to November 2023. PPG-BGMS compared predicted blood sugar levels for evaluation using 1-minute heart rate and heart rate variability information and the DNN prediction algorithm with capillary blood glucose levels measured with a blood glucose meter of the standard personal blood sugar management system. Of the 100 participants, 50 had type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and the average age was 67 years (range, 28 to 89 years). It was found that 100% of the predicted blood sugar level of PPG-BGMS was distributed in the A+B area of the Clarke error grid and Parker(Consensus) error grid. The MARD value of PPG-BGMS predicted blood glucose is 5.3 ± 4.0%. Consequentially, the non-blood-based PPG-BGMS was found to be non-inferior to the instantaneous blood sugar level of the clinical standard blood-based personal blood glucose measurement system.

Effects of Bisphosphonates on Glucose Transport in a Conditionally Immortalized Rat Retinal Capillary Endothelial Cell Line (TR-iBRB Cells)

( Na Young Lee ),( Hyun Joo Park ),( Young Sook Kang ) 한국응용약물학회 2016 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.24 No.1

The objective of the present study was to elucidate the effect of bisphosphonates, anti-osteoporosis agents, on glucose uptake in retinal capillary endothelial cells under normal and high glucose conditions. The change of glucose uptake by pre-treatment of bisphosphonates at the inner blood-retinal barrier (iBRB) was determined by measuring cellular uptake of [3H]3-O-methyl glucose (3-OMG) using a conditionally immortalized rat retinal capillary endothelial cell line (TR-iBRB cells) under normal and high glucose conditions. [3H]3-OMG uptake was inhibited by simultaneous treatment of unlabeled D-glucose and 3-OMG as well as glucose transport inhibitor, cytochalasin B. On the other hand, simultaneous treatment of alendronate or pamidronate had no significant inhibitory effect on [3H]3-OMG uptake by TR-iBRB cells. Under high glucose condition of TR-iBRB cells, [3H]3-OMG uptake was increased at 48 h. However, [3H]3-OMG uptake was decreased significantly by pre-treatment of alendronate or pamidronate compared with the values for normal and high glucose conditions. Moreover, geranylgeraniol (GGOH), a mevalonate pathway intermediate, increased the uptake of [3H]3-OMG reduced by bisphosphonates pre-treatment. But, pre-treatment of histamine did not show significant inhibition of [3H]3-OMG uptake. The glucose uptake may be down regulated by inhibiting the mevalonate pathway with pre-treatment of bisphosphonates in TR-iBRB cells at high glucose condition.

Effects of Bisphosphonates on Glucose Transport in a Conditionally Immortalized Rat Retinal Capillary Endothelial Cell Line (TR-iBRB Cells)

Lee, Na-Young,Park, Hyun-Joo,Kang, Young-Sook The Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology 2016 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.24 No.1

The objective of the present study was to elucidate the effect of bisphosphonates, anti-osteoporosis agents, on glucose uptake in retinal capillary endothelial cells under normal and high glucose conditions. The change of glucose uptake by pre-treatment of bisphosphonates at the inner blood-retinal barrier (iBRB) was determined by measuring cellular uptake of $[^3H]3$-O-methyl glucose (3-OMG) using a conditionally immortalized rat retinal capillary endothelial cell line (TR-iBRB cells) under normal and high glucose conditions. $[^3H]3$-OMG uptake was inhibited by simultaneous treatment of unlabeled D-glucose and 3-OMG as well as glucose transport inhibitor, cytochalasin B. On the other hand, simultaneous treatment of alendronate or pamidronate had no significant inhibitory effect on $[^3H]3$-OMG uptake by TR-iBRB cells. Under high glucose condition of TR-iBRB cells, $[^3H]3$-OMG uptake was increased at 48 h. However, $[^3H]3$-OMG uptake was decreased significantly by pre-treatment of alendronate or pamidronate compared with the values for normal and high glucose conditions. Moreover, geranylgeraniol (GGOH), a mevalonate pathway intermediate, increased the uptake of $[^3H]3$-OMG reduced by bisphosphonates pre-treatment. But, pre-treatment of histamine did not show significant inhibition of $[^3H]3$-OMG uptake. The glucose uptake may be down regulated by inhibiting the mevalonate pathway with pre-treatment of bisphosphonates in TR-iBRB cells at high glucose condition.