군산시 대기오염물질 배출량 조사에 관한 연구(2015~2019)

박상훈(Sang-Hun Park),김득수(Deug-Soo Kim),김성천(Seong-Cheon Kim) 대한환경공학회 2023 대한환경공학회지 Vol.45 No.4

목적 : 본 연구에서는 2015년부터 2019년까지 5년간의 군산시의 대기오염물질 배출량 자료를 이용하여 연도별 배출량 현황을 분석하였다. 또한 군산시와 인접한 지역(전주시, 익산시)의 배출량 특성을 파악하고자 한다. 방법 : 환경부 국가미세먼지정보센터에서 제공하는 대기정책지원시스템(Clean Air Policy Support System, CAPSS)의 대기오염물질 배출량 자료(2015~2019)를 이용하여 군산시 대기오염물질 배출량 현황(CO, NO<SUB>x</SUB>, SO<SUB>x</SUB>, PM<SUB>10</SUB>, VOC<SUB>s</SUB>, NH₃)을 분석하였다. 또한 군산시와 인접한 지역(전주시, 익산시)의 배출량 특성을 파악하였다. 결과 및 토의 : 군산시는 CO(자동차등록대수), PM<SUB>10</SUB>(화물 수송량) NH₃(비료사용농경지, 분뇨관리)배출량은 증가하였다. NO<SUB>x</SUB>(유리 제품생산) SO<SUB>x</SUB>{유리(탄소 제거공정)}, VOC<SUB>s</SUB>(위스키 등 독주)배출량은 감소하였다. 배출량 특성에서 CO와 NO<SUB>x</SUB>는 도로 이동오염원과 비도로이동오염원(레저, 화물)이며, SO<SUB>x</SUB>는 생산공정{유리 (탄소 제거공정)}과 에너지산업 연소(민간 발전시설)이다. PM<SUB>10</SUB>은 비도로 이동오염원(선박, 화물), 비산먼지(도로 재비산먼지, 건설공사, 농업)이며, VOC<SUB>s</SUB>는 생산공정에서 식음료 가공(위스키 등 독주)과 유기용제 사용은 도장시설(선박 제조)이다. NH₃는 농업(비료사용농경지, 분뇨관리)과 생산공정(암모니아소비)이다. 배출량 특성 비교에서 군산시(CO, NO<SUB>x</SUB>, SO<SUB>x</SUB>, VOC<SUB>s</SUB>), 전주시(PM<SUB>10</SUB>), 익산시(NH₃)로 높게 나타났다. 결론 : 군산시의 대기오염물질 배출량 비율은 VOC<SUB>s</SUB> > NO<SUB>x</SUB> > CO > SO<SUB>x</SUB> > NH₃ > PM<SUB>10</SUB>의 순으로 나타났다. 배출량 특성 비교에서 군산시, 전주시, 익산시는 NO<SUB>x</SUB>와 NH₃는 동일하며 CO, SO<SUB>x</SUB>, PM<SUB>10</SUB>, VOCs는 서로 다른 특성을 보였다. 이러한 경우는 산업단지 규모 및 지역의 지리적인 특성, 경제구조, 인구 등의 영향을 받은 것으로 사료된다. Objectives : In this study, the emission status by year was analyzed using the air pollutant emission data of Gunsan for 5 years from 2015 to 2019. In addition, it is intended to identify the emission characteristics of (Jeonju and Iksan). Methods : Using the air pollutant emission data of the Clean Air Policy Support System(CAPSS) provided by the Ministry of Environment’s National Fine Dust Information Center, the status of air pollutant emissions(CO, NO<SUB>x</SUB>, SO<SUB>x</SUB>, PM<SUB>10</SUB>, VOC<SUB>s</SUB>, NH₃) in Gunsan was analyzed. Results and Discussion : In Gunsan, CO(car registration number), PM<SUB>10</SUB>(cargo transport volume) NH₃(farmland using fertilizer, manure management) emissions increased. NOx(production of glass products) SO<SUB>x</SUB>{glass (carbon removal process)} and VOC<SUB>s</SUB>(whiskey, etc) emissions were reduced. In the emission characteristics, CO and NO<SUB>x</SUB> are mainly road transport and non-road transport pollutants(leisure, cargo) and SO<SUB>x</SUB> is production process{glass(carbon removal process)} and energy industry combustion(private power plant). PM<SUB>10</SUB> is a non-road moving pollutant(ship, cargo), scattering dust(road scattering dust, construction work, agriculture), and VOCs are food and beverage processing(whiskey, etc) and organic solvent in the production process painting facility (ship manufacturing). NH₃ is agricultural(fertilized cropland, manure management) and production processes(ammonia consumption). In the comparison of emission characteristics, Gunsan(CO, NO<SUB>x</SUB>, SO<SUB>x</SUB>, VOC<SUB>s</SUB>), Jeonju(PM10), Iksan(NH₃) were high. Conclusion : The emission rate of air pollutants in Gunsan was in the order of VOC<SUB>s</SUB> > NO<SUB>x</SUB> > CO > SO<SUB>x</SUB> > NH₃ > PM<SUB>10</SUB>. In the comparison of emissions characteristics, Gunsan, Jeonju and Iksan showed the same in NO<SUB>x</SUB> and NH₃, but different in CO, SO<SUB>x</SUB>, PM<SUB>10</SUB> and VOC<SUB>s</SUB> characteristics. This case is considered to be influenced by the size of the industrial complex, geographical characteristics of the region, economic structure, and population.

자동차 배기관 VOCs 배출특성에 관한 연구

유영숙(Youngsook Lyu),엄명도(Myoungdo Eom),류정호(Jungho Ryu),박용희(Yonghee Park),김선문(Sunmoon Kim),임철수(Cheolsoo Lim),김종춘(Jongchoon Kim) 한국자동차공학회 2004 한국자동차공학회 춘 추계 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-

Emissions from automobiles have long been considered a prime source of pollutants involved in smog formation and ozone production. Especially VOCs are associated with serious environmental problems such as photochemical smog as well as human health effects. Since motor vehicles are a major source of VOCs, estimation of emission from mobile source is the most important factor to control VOCs in atmosphere. In this study in order to evaluate tailpipe VOCs emission from motor vehicles, mass emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds from 20 vehicles were determined. Measurments were made on a chassis dynamometer using CVS-75 mode and speed specific drive mode depend on the driving velocity. Target VOCs are 53 compounds determined as the volatile ozone precursor. The individual VOCs composition of vehicle emission and emission rate were also determined. In case of gasoline vehicles, VOCs emission from over 80,000㎞ vehicles were about 46% larger than less 80000㎞ vehicles. The difference between benzene and toluene according to driving mileage was 44% and 26% respectively. The composition of VOCs were different by fuel type. The order of VOCs composition was paraffins(44%)>aromatics(34%)>olefins in gasoline vehicle emission, paraffins>olefins>aromatics in light duty diesel vehicle emission. The VOCs emissions were decreased as vehicle speed increasing. From these results we finally determined the various emission factor by kind of vehicle. In future, this research will be used for calculating total VOCs emission from automobiles.

석유화학 산단지역의 악취성 VOCs 물질 배출 특성

전준민,허당,서성규,고오석,서병량,윤형선 한국냄새환경학회 2006 실내환경 및 냄새 학회지 Vol.5 No.1

This study estimated the emission characteristics of odorous volatiles organic compounds (VOCs) from major 7 emission facilities by industrial classification in Yeosu petrochemical industrial complex. This study investigated terminal emission facilities (Inlet and outlet) in the industrial plant area, the plant boundary area and Samil-dong which has many civil appeal for an offensive odor to grasp VOCs concentration in ambient air of the plant boundary area and civil appeal area from May, 2002 to December, 2004, besides. VOCs were sampled 6 L using silicocan canisters and toluene, xylene and styrene which are known as odorous VOCs were analyzed by cryogenic preconcentration system and GC/MS. The removal efficiency of emission facilities in the industrial plant area for odor showed 96.5% of wet scrubber, 89.5% of RTO and 86.0% of RCO. The concentration of odorous VOCs at the plant limits area in 2003 were higher than 2002. The reason was guessed that toluene of high concentration emitted from terminal emission facilities in the industrial plant area influenced on ambient air at the plant boundary area. The concentration of odorous VOCs in ambient air at Samil-dong were decreasing from 1995 to 2001, but the concentration of toluene sharply increased from 2002. The reason was presumed that VOCs emission increased due to expansion of Yeosu petrochemical industrial complex and removal efficiency of terminal emission facilities dropped due to outworn equipments for VOCs prevent. 본 연구는 여수석유화학산단 내 일부 업종별 규모가 큰 대표적인 7개 사업장들의 배출시설에 대하여 악취성 VOC 물질 배출특성을 평가하였다. 또한 사업장 부지경계지역 및 민원지역의 대기 중 VOC 농도 경향을 파악하고자 2002년 5월부터 2004년 12월까지 사업장내 최종 배출시설(유입구 및 배출구, inlet and outlet), 사업장 부지경계지점과 악취민원 제기가 많은 삼일동 지점에 대하여 조사하였다. VOCs 시료는 silicocan canister 6 L로 채취하였으며, 저온농축장치(cryogenic preconcentration system)와 GC/MS를 이용하여 분석하였으며, 조사항목은 악취성 VOC로 알려진 3개 항목(toluene, xylene, styrene)을 분석하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같으며, 사업장내 배출시설의 악취 제거효율(removal efficiency)은 흡수탑 (96.5%) > RTO (89.5%) > RCO (86.0%) 순으로 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 사업장 부지경계지점은 2002년에 비해 2003년의 악취성 VOC 농도가 상승한 것으로 조사되었다. 이는 사업장내 최종 배출시설 자체에서 toluene 물질이 높은 농도로 배출되어 사업장 부지경계지역의 대기 중 농도에 영향을 미친 것으로 생각된다. 민원지역인 삼일동 지점의 대기 중 악취성 VOC 농도는 1995년부터 2001년까지 점차 감소하다가 특히 toluene 성분은 2002년부터 다시 급격히 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 이는 여수산단지역 확장으로 인한 사업장내 VOC 물질 배출 증가와 10여년 전에 설치된 VOC 방지시설의 노후로 인한 방지효율 저감에 의한 영향으로 생각된다.

건축용 바닥재로부터의 휘발성유기화합물 방출특성

윤중섭(Joong Seop Yun),이명화(Myong Hwa Lee),엄석원(Seok Won Eom),김민영(Min Young Kim),김종호(Jong Ho Kim),김신도(Shin Do Kim) 大韓環境工學會 2010 대한환경공학회지 Vol.32 No.10

에너지절감에 대한 인식이 높아짐에 따라 점차 건물이 밀폐화되고 있으며, 이로 인하여 실내공기질에 영향을 미치는 건축자재로부터의 휘발성유기화합물 방출에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 그러므로 실내공기질을 개선하는데 있어 건축자재로부터의 VOCs 방출특성을 파악하는 것이 무엇보다 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 우리나라가 온돌문화인 점을 고려하여 대표적인 건축자재인 온돌마루와 접착제를 대상으로, 방출챔버시험을 통하여 온도 및 시간경과에 따른 헥산, 톨루엔 및 TVOCs 방출특성을 살펴보았다. VOCs의 방출속도는 온도와 비례관계를 나타내었으며, 바닥재에 존재하는 VOCs 발생원이 어느 위치에, 어떠한 형태로 존재하느냐가 시간의 경과에 따른 방출특성에 크게 영향을 미친다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 즉, 건축자재로부터의 헥산, 톨루엔의 방출은 전반적으로 초기에 방출속도가 높고 시간이 지남에 따라 점차 줄어드는 경향을 보이고 있으나, 온돌마루로부터의 톨루엔 방출은 다른 양상을 보이는데 시간이 지남에 따라 방출속도가 오히려 증가하여 6시간 경과 후 최대값을 보인 뒤 점차 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 이는 온돌마루에 함유되어 있는 톨루엔 발생원이 자재의 내부에 많이 존재하고 있기 때문에 시간이 경과함에 따라 방출속도가 증가했다가 다시 감소하는 경향을 보인 것으로 추정된다. 바닥재로부터의 VOCs 방출특성 실험결과를 종합하여 살펴보면, 온돌시스템에서 방출되는 고농도의 VOCs에 인체노출을 줄이기 위해서는 이사하기 전에 적어도 72시간 이상의 Bake-out 시간이 필요할 것이라 사료된다. The emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from building materials is one of great concerns due to maintain airtight condition of a building to reduce energy consumption, and it causes the deterioration of indoor air quality. Therefore, the emission characterization of VOCs from building materials is necessary to improve indoor air quality. Emission characteristics of VOCs from a plywood flooring that is one of the most commonly used materials in an under-heating system, and from an adhesive that is generally used to stick a plywood flooring to a concrete floor were investigated using an emission chamber test in this study. It was found that the VOCs emission factor was dependent upon and proportional to indoor temperature, and the emission characteristics were closely related to the existing places and conditions of VOCs sources inside the building materials. Maximum emission factors of hexane and toluene from building materials were generally observed at the beginning, however, only that of toluene from a plywood flooring was shown after 6 hours from the beginning. It could be considered that the existing place and condition of toluene source inside a plywood flooring could influence on the VOCs emission. From this study, bake-out time more than 72 hours could be recommended before moving in to avoid the exposure to high concentration of VOCs emitted from an underheating system.

연구논문 : 전국 주요 쓰레기매립장 지역에 대한 VOC 성분의 조성과 배출특성에 대한 연구

김기현 ( Ki Hyun Kim ),최여진 ( Ye Jin Choi ),선우영 ( Woo Young Sun ) 한국환경정책평가연구원 2005 환경정책연구 Vol.4 No.1

국내 주요 매립장 지역의 휘발성 유기화합물(VOC)에 대한 농도분포와 배출특성을 규명하기 위한 노력의 일환으로, 본 연구진은 주요 매립장 지역에 대한 연구를 2000년 9월부터 2004년 12월까지 지속적으로 진행하였다. 본 연구의 일환으로 서울의 난지도 매립장을 위시한 전국의 7개 매립장을 주 조사대상으로 설정하였다. 본 연구에서는 여러 유형의 매립장으로부터 조사한 VOC 배출량자료를 토대로 VOC의 주요 배출원으로 간주할 수 있는 매립장 환경의 배출특성을 정의하고자 하였다. 이들 조사 대상은 1개의 대규모, 5개의 중규모, 2개의 소규모 매립장으로 구성되었다. 이들 지점으로부터 4년 이상 각매립장의 VOC 배출특성을 조사하였다. 이러한 연구자료는 향후 매립장의 VOC 배출에 대한 관리를 위한 여러 가지 기초자료로서 유용한 정보를 제공할 것으로 기대된다. In order to accurately evaluate the distribution and emission characteristics of volatile organic compounds(VOCs) produced in the landfill environment, we conducted a series of field campaign to measure VOC emissions from a total of eight landfill sites located all across the Korean Peninsula. During the field measurements made from Sept. 2000 to Dec. 2004, we investigated VOC emission characteristics from 1 large scale, 5 mid scale, and 2 small scale landfill sites. The results from our 4-years study is used to provide valuable information for the management of landfill facilities in Korea. If annual emission rates of VOC are compared in terms of toluene, the magnitude of its emission differed between the closed and active landfills. Whereas closed landfills show emission rates from a few tens to 500g/yr, those of active ones were recorded as 1,000 to 40,000g/yr.

소형승합차량 및 RV차량의 휘발성 유기 화합물 배출특성 변화에 관한 연구

엄명도(Myungdo Eom),류정호(Jungho Ryu),한종수(Jongsu Han),유영숙(Youngsook Lyu),김대욱(Daewook Kim),김종춘(Jongchoon Kim) 한국자동차공학회 2008 한국 자동차공학회논문집 Vol.16 No.1

Emissions from automobiles have long been considered a prime source of pollutants involved in smog formation and ozone production. Especially VOCs are associated with serious environmental problems such as photo-chemical smog as well as human health effects. Since motor vehicles are a major source of VOCs, estimating of emission from mobile source is the most important factor to control VOCs. VOCs are emitted from various pollution like motor vehicles, mobile and stationary source that has characteristics of toxicity, cancer-causing, bio-accumulation, durability in air and diffusion can exert a bad influence upon human health and environment. However we don't have any standard or regulation about VOCs emissions. This study is summarized as VOCs emission characteristics from in-use light-duty diesel and LPG fueled vehicles. The vehicle exhaust-gas test mode is CVS cycle and nier-10 cycles that developed on EPA and National Institute of Environmental Research. TO-14 method (Toxic Organic) was chosen for VOCs analysis from EPA in USA. This study results will be useful when make a emission factor and rule making of emission standard about domestic VOCs emission for the improve to air condition.

여수석유화학산단 내 VOCs에 대한 오염원 분류표의 개발 및 CMB 모델에 의한 기여도 산정

전준민,허당,김동술 한국대기환경학회 2005 한국대기환경학회지 Vol.21 No.1

The purposes of this study were to characterize the local levels of VOCs (volatile organic compounds), to develop source profiles of VOCs, and to quantify the source contribution of VOCs using the CMB (chemical mass balance) model. The concentration of VOCs had been measured every 6-day duration in the SRO monitoring site in the Yeosu Petrochemical Industrial Complex from September 2000 to August 2002. The total of 35 target VOCs, which were included in the TO-14 designated from the U.S. EPA, was selected to be monitored in the study area. During a 24-h period, the ambient VOCs were sampled by using canisters placing about 10~15 m above the ground level. The collected canisters were then analyzed by a GC-MS in the laboratory. Aside from ambient sampling at the SRO site, the VOCs had been intensively and massively measured from 8 direct sources and 4 general sources in the study area. The results obtained in the study were as follows; first, the annual mean concentrations of the target VOCs were widely distributed regardless of monitoring sites in the Yeosu Petrochemical Industrial Complex. In particular, the concentrations of BTX (Benzene, Toluene, Xylene), vinyl chloride were higher than other target compounds. Second, based on these source sample data, source profiles for VOCs were developed to apply a receptor model, the CMB model. Third, the results of source apportionment study for the VOCs in the SRO Site were as follows; The source of petrochemical plant was apportioned by 31.3% in terms of VOCs mass. The site was also affected by 16.7% from wastewater treatment plant, 14.0% from iron mills, 8.4% from refineries, 4.4% from oil storage, 3.8% from automobiles, 2.3% from fertilizer, 2.3% from painting, 2.2% from waste incinerator, 0.6% from graphic art, and 0.4% from gasoline vapor sources.

국내 휘발성유기화합물의 배출현황 및 제어기술

신명섭,박서현,전용우 한국냄새환경학회 2015 실내환경 및 냄새 학회지 Vol.14 No.1

Volatile organic compounds(VOCs) are harmful substances that contribute to stratospheric ozone depletion, tropospheric photochemical ozone formation, and carcinogenic human health effects. Worldwide, there are major concerns over the emission of VOCs. Any plans for pollution reduction and management should be established based on database of VOC emission and characteristics. In this paper, the status of VOCs by year, region, and industry were investigated, and then technologies for VOC emission control were introduced. The estimation of VOC emissions by year was gradually increased, and VOC emission due to the utilization of organic solvents was the most common form. VOCs in the atmosphere were detected at the highest concentration in industrial complexes. In most of the industry, it was confirmed that emissions of toluene were the highest among the VOCs. Finally, available VOCs control technologies were introduced, including thermal and catalytic oxidation, adsorption, absorption, biological treatment, non-thermal plasma, electron beam irradiation, and photocatalyst.

카페트에서 방출되는 휘발성 유기화합물의 방출특성 및 수치적 응용

이창근,정진,김창녕 경희대학교 산학협력기술연구원 2004 산학협력기술연구논문집 Vol.10 No.1

This study is conducted to identify and quantify the emission of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) from a new carpet. In this study, a numerical analysis have been employed to investigate the emission and behavior characteristics of VOCs emitted from the carpet in the room. At first the mass diffusion coefficient and the initial concentrations of VOCs in the carpet have been calculated from experimental data by non-linear regression. It has been found that the concentrations of VOCs and emission factors have exponentially decayed from relatively high level to low level with time and that gradients of the concentrations and emission factors of VOCs are different for various components. This study may supply fundamental understandings for the emission and behavior characteristics of VOCs.

도장처리에 따른 소나무 판재의 휘발성유기화합물 방출특성 변화

박상범,이민,이상민,강영석 한국가구학회 2015 한국가구학회지 Vol.26 No.2

In previous study, VOC emission characteristics of coating materials for wood finishing were conducted and results showed that eco-friendly products has about 15∼46% lower TVOC emission than typical products. In this study, lower TVOC emitted coating materials were applied on pine and then changes of VOC emission characteristics from pine with treatments were determined. Non-treated pine emitted 604.7 μg/m2h of TVOC that contained 66% of NVOC (399.7 μg/m2h). However, V2 finished pine showed no NVOC emission rather than AVOC emission that consisted of Toluene, Ethylbenzene, m,p-Xylene, o-Xylene, 1,2,4- Trimethylbenzene. All coating materials inhibited α-Pinene emission which originally from pine, but waterborne stain (W1 and W3) showed lower disruption of that emission. Moreover, W3/wood showed higher NVOC emission such as α-Terpinol, Terpinen-4-ol which are known as antioxidant substrates. Based on results, VOC emission characteristic of pine was significantly affected by coating materials with negatively in terms of α-Pinene emission or positively in terms of NVOC emission. Therefore, coating material is important factor for indoor air quality when it would apply on wood products. For the future study, VOC emission characteristic of coated wood will be conducted continuously.