도시지역의 공간적 정의 및 획정 - 오스트레일리아의 Urban Centre/Locality -

변필성,김광익 국토지리학회 2006 국토지리학회지 Vol.40 No.3

This work examines the delimitation criteria of the Urban Centre/Locality in Australia, thereby presenting significant issues for the definition and delimitation of urban areas in Korea. Since 1995, the formation of urban-rural combined cities as administrative jurisdictions in Korea has made the existing definition of urban areas which is based on administrative areas problematic. Under the definition, urban areas most likely encompass areas of rural character. Given this problematic context, new delimitation of urban areas is needed, particularly for the purpose of effectively producing statistics of urban areas and efficiently implementing urban policies. In this regard, US, Japan, UK, Canada, and Australia have delimited the urban areas as homogeneous areas which are not built upon administrative jurisdictions by using either density criteria or land use-based approaches. Our examination focuses on the Urban Centre/Locality of Australia which is differentiated from the counterparts of other countries in that the delimitation criteria vary across population sizes of urban areas. 본고는 오스트레일리아의 Urban Centre/Locality 획정기준을 고찰하고 그럼으로써 우리나라 도시지역의 정의와 획정에 의미 있는 사항을 제시한다. 우리나라에서는 1995년 이후, 도농복합시가 형성됨에 따라, 기존의 행정구역을 토대로 정의된 도시지역이 농촌적 성격이 강한 지역을 포괄하게 되는 문제가 발생했다. 그에 따라, 실질적인 도시지역의 공간적 정의가 필요한 실정이다. 도시지역의 실질적 정의는 도시지역 통계의 효과적인 생산과 도시 정책의 효율적 집행을 위해 필요하다. 이와 관련해서, 미국, 일본, 영국, 캐나다, 오스트레일리아 등에서는 행정구역과는 별개로서, 인구밀도 및 토지이용 접근에 바탕을 둔 등질지역으로서의 도시지역을 획정해오고 있다. 본고는 그러한 사례들 중에서 독특하게 인구규모에 따라 상이한 획정기준을 적용하는 오스트레일리아의 Urban Centre/Locality를 중점적으로 살펴보았다.

Locational Preference of Last Mile Delivery Centres: A Case Study of Thailand Parcel Delivery Industry

Chompoonut Amchang,Sang-Hwa Song 한국유통과학회 2018 The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business( Vol.9 No.3

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to improve last mile delivery capability and ensure customers’ satisfaction by approaching an analytic hierarchy process(AHP) and identifying criteria framework to determine locations of last mile delivery centre(LMDC). Research design, data, and methodology – Traffic congestion and emission policy in cities are barriers of last mile delivery in dense areas. The urban consolidation centre(UCC) cannot increase last mile delivery efficiency in dense cities because of their space and traffic limitation. In this paper, we develop a case to improve last mile delivery efficiency and to ensure customers’ satisfaction by concentrating on LMDC. In addition, AHP has been applied to identify criteria framework and determine LMDC locations. The weighted priorities are derived from parcel delivery industry experts and have been calculated using Expert Choice software. Results – The framework criteria have assisted decision makers to place LMDC in a dense area to enhance customer’s satisfaction with last mile delivery service. Conclusions – AHP has provided ranking framework criteria of LMDC potential for parcel delivery industry. The LMDC helps by improving last mile delivery efficiency to final destination amids conditions of CO2 emissions, traffic congestion, and pollution problems. It especially concerns delivery service activities when delivering parcels to customers rather than UCC.

City Center Regeneration to Drive Economic Competitiveness? The Case Study of Liverpool One

Nurse, Alex Land and Housing Institute 2017 LHI journal of land, housing, and urban affairs Vol.8 No.2

This paper discusses how urban regeneration can be used to drive economic competitiveness using the case study of Liverpool One, in Liverpool, United Kingdom. With a process which began in 1999, Liverpool One resulted in over 42 hectares of land being redeveloped as part of a wholesale rejuvenation of Liverpool City Centre. This contributed to Liverpool becoming the fastest growing UK region outside of London. In discussing Liverpool One, the paper outlines some of the planning challenges faced during its construction and what this successful regeneration project now means for those seeking to develop within the city centre, whilst drawing out some of the lessons international planners and developers might learn from Liverpool.

Spatial change in urban employment distribution in Seoul metropolitan city: clustering, dispersion and general dispersion

김재익,여창환,권진휘 서울시립대학교 도시과학연구원 2014 도시과학국제저널 Vol.18 No.3

The primary purpose of this paper is to identify whether the spatial distribution of employment moves towards clustering or dispersing by examining the change in spatial distribution of employment in Seoul metropolitan city. This paper first identifies the centre and subcentres with the cut-off approach and then examines the changing direction of employment distribution by estimating both monocentric and polycentric employment density functions. For the estimation, this paper utilizes a three-digit industrial classification data for the years 2000, 2005 and 2010, which contain detailed information on distribution of employment. The main findings are as follows. First, the spatial structure of Seoul is apparently polycentric. Second, the central business districts (CBD) loses its dominance over Seoul's economy in terms of the number of employment, and the newly emerging Gangnam subcentre became the largest employment centre in Seoul. Third, the estimates of employment density functions (both monocentric and polycentric) tell us that the generalized dispersion hypothesis is not acceptable in the case of Seoul. Fourth, the pattern of spatial distribution of employment varies by industry, represented by centre-oriented, CBD-oriented and non-centre-oriented industries.

Reshuffling city life: spatial and functional dynamics of urban activity in Tokyo during COVID-19

Vadim Boratinskii,Maarten Loopmans,Toshihiro Osaragi 서울시립대학교 도시과학연구원 2024 도시과학국제저널 Vol.28 No.1

The COVID-19 pandemic, and the measures to curb it have profoundly affected the geography of urban activities in the past years. In this paper, we discuss its effects on urban activity in Tokyo during the first wave of COVID between February and July 2020. Different from other papers, which have analysed general changes in urban activity levels or changes in specific activities, we have focused on changes in activity levels in different types of multifunctional urban activity centres (UAC), allowing us to reveal interactions between UAC types, (combinations of) activities and location within a wider urban system. Our results show how the distribution of urban activity across UAC changed in space and time in reaction to pandemic measures, and relate these dynamics to the spatial patterns of functional specialization of UAC. The existing spatial pattern of UAC allowed urban activities to redistribute spatially, but continue without too much inhibition. Moreover, these changes appeared to be temporary, rather than resulting in irreversible urban transformations. Our analysis thus suggests that Tokyo’s multilayered polynuclear structure appeared to contribute to the city’s pandemic resilience, allowing urban activities to spatially reorganize, without needing to resort to a total lockdown and collapse of urban life.

지방쇠퇴도시 도심공간분석과 도시재생기법에 관한 연구 - 경상남도 진주시톨 중심으로

김영(Kim Yeong),김기홍(Kim Ki-Hong),김경환(Kim Kyung-Hwan) 한국주거환경학회 2007 주거환경(한국주거환경학회논문집) Vol.5 No.2

  Recently, much attention to urban generation has paid in urban centers since 1980. Earlier urban generation tradition has started to tackle declination problems of urban centers. The regeneration plans of the old city center, in particular, have been most recently established in Korea, as in developed countries such as in the U.K. and Japan. However, urban center regeneration of local city differs from that of large city and it should be evaluated based on diverse spatial patterns in the center.<BR>  For this study, we explore how to improve deteriorated economic and physical environment in city center by examining current conditions such as land use, land price, height of buildings, and the extent of deterioration based on the characteristics of a local medium-and-small city, Jinju. Based on strategic planning, in particular, we need to explore existing and changed conditions of economy, physics, society, and environment to solve such various problems in the city center.<BR>  The aims of this study is to land/building uses and the degree of urban blight in the city center and to investigate the applicable regeneration techniques to the city, which already experienced in the developed countries for revitalization of declined economies and improvement of physical environment center to establish strategic plans of in a local city.

창원시 마산원도심 문화적 재생 사업의 비판적 평가- 도시재생 거버넌스를 중심으로 -

서익진 경남대학교 산업경영연구소 2020 지역산업연구 Vol.43 No.2

This study has the purpose to exercise a critical examination about cultural regeneration projectin Masan old centre in Changwon city from the point of view of governance. By examiningparticipation of various agents pursuing different objectives and hence multiple conflicts among them,we demonstrate that there is a system of governance but its operation stays at the formal andprocedural level. In order to explain this theory-practice gap that can not be explained by anexisting typology based on subjects only, a new typology based on the quality of governanceoperation is supposed. Finally, we propose some institutional measures able to upgrade a prevailingformal governance to a superior essential one : in one hand, reinforcement of requirementsconcerning governance in the application of urban regeneration projects, introduction of the conceptplan, reorganization administrative, adoption of professional position as measures to renovate the roleof the regional administration, and in other hand, adherence to public discussion and introduction ofcondition of self-engagement as measures to prevent moral hazard in the private side, presented byabuse of governance, short-termism, free rider tendency. 본 연구의 목적은 창원시 마산 원도심 문화적 재생사업을 도시재생 거버넌스의 관점에서 비판적으로 평가하고 이로부터 이론․정책적 함의를 도출하는 데 있다. 거버넌스 참여 주체의 다중성과 갈등의 다층성을 확인한 후 거버넌스 체계의 존재에도 불구하고 그 운영은 형식적인 수준에 머물렀으며, 여기에는 역사적, 현실적 및 제도적 이유가 있음을 밝혔다. 이러한 이론과 실천의 괴리를 포착할 수 없는 기존의 주체별 거버넌스 유형론의 한계를 보완하기 위해 거버넌스 운영의 질적 측면에서‘형식적’및‘실질적’거버넌스를 구별하고‘이행기’거버넌스를 설정하는 거버넌스 발전단계론을 제시한다. 실천적으로는 이러한 거버넌스의 이행을 가능케 해줄 제도적 조건으로 도시재생 사업 공모 시 거버넌스 관련 요건 강화, 컨셉 플랜 도입, 행정 조직 개편과전문보직제 도입 그리고 중간지원기관 역할 강화 등 행정의 역할 쇄신, 그리고 거버넌스 남용,단기손익주의, 무임승차 경향 등 민의 도덕적 해이 방지책으로 공적 영역에서의 논의, 확장된 의미의 자부담 요건 도입 등을 제안한다.

The impact of urban green areas on the surface thermal environment of a tropical city: a case study of Ibadan, Nigeria

Ifeoluwa A. Balogun,Mojolaoluwa T. Daramola 대한공간정보학회 2019 Spatial Information Research Vol.27 No.1

This study assesses the relative impact of green areas on the surface thermal characteristics of an urban area. From this study, the existence of the Park Cool Island (PCI) around the green areas and surrounding zones of the green area was noted, as surface temperatures were lower at the green areas and higher at the outer boundaries. Agodi gardens had the highest vegetation cover of 62.1% and was the area with the lowest mean surface temperature (26.79 C), while Agugu green area had the lowest vegetation cover of 20.7% and had the highest mean surface temperature (27.75 C). Green areas with higher vegetation cover percentages had higher rate of change of PCI with buffer distance compared to the other two green areas that had lower percentages of vegetation cover. The green areas were identified for their cooling roles on surface temperature within the urban centres of Ibadan as the surface temperature intensities were of the order of 1–2 C lower within the 500-m buffer zone. The findings, therefore, brings to light the need for increased greenery within the urban areas of the city, and also provide information for urban planners and designers on the need for green spaces in mitigating heat island phenomenon in the city.

UK Urban Regeneration Policy for Comprtitiveness: A Government Perspective

Thorpe, Keith Land and Housing Institute 2017 LHI journal of land, housing, and urban affairs Vol.8 No.2

The UK Government's approach to how to deliver regeneration in its towns and cities has changed considerably in recent years. Traditionally, urban regeneration policy focused on reversing physical, economic and social decline in an area where market forces would not do this without intervention. Since 2010 urban regeneration has become a vital part of the Government's approach to increasing local growth and competitiveness and building a strong and balanced economy. The current emphasis is on a place-based approach to regeneration that builds on the particular strengths of different places to drive growth and addresses the factors that hold them back. This paper outlines the key features of current UK urban regeneration policy and how interventions to support regeneration and growth are being pursued at different spatial scales to ensure all parts of the country benefit. They include pan regional initiatives like the Northern Powerhouse and Midlands Way, to groups of local authorities operating at a sub regional level (combined authorities/city regions), Local Enterprise Partnerships, and a variety of smaller scale programmes delivering regeneration in areas of economic and social decline. The paper explains some of the policy instruments and funding programmes available to support regeneration, and provides case studies of some major urban regeneration projects that illustrate the new approach including housing and infrastructure improvements like the planned High Speed Rail 2 line. These are supporting regeneration through the creation of strategic partnerships involving government, places and investors. The paper concludes with some lessons from past and future regeneration schemes to improve their effectiveness and impact on places and enhance local growth potential.

기성시가지 활성화를 위한 지역관리시스템 도입에 관한 연구

김도년(Kim Do-Nyun),이성창(Lee Seong-Chang),송승민(Song Seung-Min) 대한건축학회 2009 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.25 No.8

The aim of this study is on the area management system for the urban revitalization. Using comparative analysis of systems, such as, BID(Business Improvement District), TCM(Town Centre Management) and AM(Area Management), this study have come up with following four conclusions that are applicable to urban environment in Korea. First, public involvement and their recognition in the area management needs to be improved. Second, financing plan and organizing strategy needs to be institutionally supported. Third, in applying the area management, it is critical to the specificity of area and to apply system procedurally. Forth, roles of public sector that support, estimate and observe private one are getting more important because the political power of management organizations have increased recently.