1693년 조선인의 돗토리번(鳥取藩) 연행 사건과 쓰시마번(對馬藩)

윤유숙(Yusook Yoon) 동양사학회 2013 東洋史學硏究 Vol.123 No.-

This paper examines a set of diplomatic measures taken by Tsushima Domain(對馬藩) regarding relations between Joseon(朝鮮) and Japan, and focuses on the Koreans who were captured and taken to Tottori Domain(鳥取藩) in 1693. This paper seeks to identify the intention and the diplomatic position of Tsushima Domain, which was deeply involved in the repatriation of these Koreans. In 1407, the governor of Tsushima, S? Sadashige(宗貞茂), expressed to Joseon that he wanted to move to Ulleungdo(鬱陵島). Further, Tsushima several times gained the repatriation of Japanese fishermen who had sailed to Ulleungdo and reached the eastern coast of Joseon. Through such experiences, Tsushima Domain learned that fishermen from Tottori Domain had been sailing to Ulleungdo. However, there is no record that Tottori Domain ever informed the Joseon government of this fact. The Edo government(江戶幕府) ordered Tsushima Domain to repatriate the Koreans taken to Japan by Tottori Domain fishermen in 1693. Tsushima Domain independently investigated Ulleungdo and reaffirmed that Takeshima(竹嶋) is Ulleungdo. Tsushima Domain, however, negotiated with Joseon without reporting the results of this investigation to the Edo government. Further, Tsushima Domain sent Joseon a diplomatic document in which was written “Japan’s Takeshima,” while the original order from the Edo government was to “request the Joseon government to prohibit its people from sailing to Takeshima,” that is Ulleungdo. Joseon and Japan argued over expressions included in the Joseon government’s reply from the eleventh month of 1693 to mid-1695. During this period, Tsushima Domain continuously attempted to include Takeshima into Japanese territory. Such attempts could stem from Tsushima Domain’s territorial ambitions over Ulleungdo. However, Tsushima Domain was not able to achieve its goal as the Joseon government started to adopt hard-line policies to address this issue in the late stages of its diplomatic negotiations with Japan. In the end, the Edo government confirmed the facts about the ownership of Ulleungdo and provided Joseon with a reply that it will ban Japanese from sailing to Ulleungdo.

조선후기 對馬藩의 조선 교섭과 1693년 울릉도 영속시비

장순순 동북아역사재단 2012 東北亞歷史論叢 Vol.- No.37

This paper focuses on the territory dispute over Ulleungdo between Joseon and Japan in 1693 and the attitude of Tsushima Domain toward diplomatic negotiations with Joseon. In the third month of 1693, Ahn Yongbok (安龍福) and Pak Eodun (朴於屯), who had sailed near Ulleungdo (Takeshima, 竹島) for fishing were abducted by Japanese fishermen from Oki Province (隱岐州). The Edo Shogunate, which was briefed on the situation through Tottori Domain (鳥取藩) instructed the Edo Hantei (江戶藩邸) on the thirteenth day of the fifth month of that year to negotiate with Joseon for their repatriation to Joseon and for a prohibition on sail to Takeshima. At that time, Tsushima had long recognized that Takeshima belonged to Joseon and that that island was Ulleungdo. What Tottori Domain or the Edo Shogunate wanted to gain through the Tsushima’s negotiations with Joseon was not possession over Takeshima, but fishery rights for Japanese by prohibiting fishing by Koreans at Takeshima. However, Tsushima had indicated its position that Takeshima was the territory of Joseon from before the Imjin War (壬辰倭亂), which started in 1592. But according to the cases in 1637 and 1666, there was no indication of Joseon’s territory so Japan gained that island. Japan thus engaged in the negotiation with Joseon based on the unreasonable preconception that Takeshima is Japanese territory, and put the expression of “our Takeshima” (本國竹島) in the document sent to the Minister of the Board of Rites (禮曹參判) in the Joseon government. The first negotiation over the possession of Ulleungdo between Tsushima and Joseon, which started with the Ahn Yongbok abduction case in 1693, continued from the twelfth month of 1693 to the second month of 1694. The second negotiation was in progress from the intercalary fifth month in 1694 to the fifth month of 1695. Tsushima,which demanded to alter the document from Joseon, and Joseon, which continued to insist that Takeshima was Ulleungdo and Joseon’s territory, were in confrontation and negotiations showed no sign of resolution. Tsushima asked the Edo Shogunate, which began to study the Ulleungdo possession issue. The conclusion was that Takeshima was not Japanese territory, thus Japanese were not permitted to sail to Takeshima. Though Tsushima recognized that Takeshima is Ulleungdo and Joseon’s territory, Tsushima included Takeshima in Japanese territory. In the background to this were the new diplomatic procedures with Tsushima as the leader after the Imjin War. The order from the shogunate about Ahn Yongbok’s repatriation and the prohibition on sail to Takeshima for Joseon were the touchstones of the diplomatic ability of Tsushima with Joseon, thus Tsushima exhibited its loyalty to the shogunate at the negotiations with Joseon. Also in the background was Tsushima’s intent to process Ulleungdo since Japanese fishermen whose ships had drifted to Joseon avoided punishment even though they had stated that they were fishing around Takeshima in 1637 and 1666. A third issue was the diplomatic position of Tsushima toward Joseon after the Imjin War. Tsushima made effective use of Joseon’s defensive situation due to the Manchu wars in 1627 and 1636, and thus gained good benefit from Joseon. Tsushima tried to gain diplomatic benefit from Joseon and used illusory pressure called “the shogunate’s military prestige.” With the position of Tsushima, they thought they had to carry their point even with force and threat. And a fourth was that the negotiation was being conducted under Sō Yoshizane, the daimyo of Tsushima. At the time of the negotiations over possession of Ulleungdo with Japan (Tsushima), Joseon took a firm and active attitude, yet Tsushima maintained its earlier position. Therefore, the possession issue regarding Ulleungdo that started in 1693 was settled not as Tsushima Domain had hoped.

근세 돗토리번 (鳥取藩) 町人의 울릉도 도해

尹裕淑(Yu-sook Yoon) 한일관계사학회 2012 한일관계사연구 Vol.42 No.-

본고는 돗토리번 초닌(町人) 오야(大谷)가문과 무라카와(村川)가문의 울릉도 도항실태를 검토한 것이다. 구체적으로 두 가문의 유래, 17세기 초 울릉도에 도해하게 된 경위, 막부와의 관계, 돗토리번청과의 관계, 울릉도 산물의 활용, 울릉도 도해가 금지된 이후 두 가문의 행보 등을 규명하였다. 두 가문은 전국시대(戰國時代)에 무사(武士)로 존재하다 돗토리번 요나고(米子)에 이주, 정착한 내력을 지니며 17세기 초까지만 해도 무사적인 성격을 완전히 떨쳐내지 못했다. 그러던 중 막부 관리 아베 마사유키(阿部正之)의 알선을 통해 막부로부터 울릉도 도항을 허가받아 울릉도 도항권을 독점하게 된다. 그들은 이 권한을 근거로 하여 쇼군 알현을 비롯하여 다양한 특권을 획득했고, 매년 울릉도에 교대로 도항하여 해륙의 산물을 채획했다. 그들은 울릉도의 전복을 쇼군과 막부의 요인들에게 헌상하는 한편 채획한 물품을 나가사키로 가져가 견직물, 虎皮, 砂糖등과 교환하여 일본 각지를 돌며 판매하기도 했다. 17세기 말 울릉도의 소속을 둘러싸고 조선과 외교문제가 발생하자 막부는 1696년 돗토리번주에게 “죽도도해금지”를 명하였다. 오야 가쓰후사(大谷勝房)와 무라카와 마사카쓰(村川正勝)의 대에 이르러 두 가문은 약 70년 동안 향유해 온 울릉도 도항의 권리를 상실하게 되었다. 울릉도 도항을 완전히 중단한 결과 경제사정이 어려워지자 돗토리번은 오야씨에게 요나고의 城下에서 어류도매업(魚鳥問屋)에서 수수료를 취득할 수 있는 권한을, 그리고 무라카와씨에게는 소금도매업(鹽問屋)의 수수료 취득권을 부여했다. 그럼에도 불구하고 두 가문 모두 울릉도 도항을 재개시키기 위한 운동을 오랫동안 계속했다. 또한 오야씨는 1740년 무렵 가업을 확대시키기 위해 ‘오사카 회미선업’, ‘나가사키 무역’에의 참가를 막부에 청원하기도 했다. 그러나 이러한 노력은 모두 실패로 돌아갔고, 이후 오야 가문은 경제적인 부침을 거듭하다가 메이지 유신을 맞이하였다. This paper reviews the travel of the Oya family and the Murakawa family from Tottrrori Domain to Ullengdo. In particular, the paper studies the origins of the two families, the background of their travel to Ulleundon in the early seventeenth century, relationships with the Edo shogunate and the Tottori Domain government, usage of Ulleungdo’s local products, and progress after travel to Ulleungdo was banned. The two families, having served as warriors in the Warring States period, moved to and settled in Yonago, and maintained some of their warrior-like characteristics until the early seventeenth century. Abe Masayuki(阿部正之), and Edo government official who had connection with the two families, helped them to acquire exclusive rights from the Edo government to travel to Ulleungdo. With those rights, the two families enjoyed various privileges: they were allowed to have an audience with the shogun, and they took turns every year to travel to Ulleungdo and gather tremendous amounts of abalone and seafood. They offered abalone to key figures of the Edo government, and took the seafood and abalone to Nagasaki and exchanged them with silk, tiger pelts, and sugar cane to sell across the country. When diplomatic disputes with Joseon concering sovereignty over Ulleundo arose in the late seventeenth century, the Edo government ordered the daimyo of Tottori Domain to ban travel to Ulleungdo in 1696. The families lost their rights to travel to Ulleungdo, which they had enjoyed for about seventy years, during the generation of ya Katsufusa(大谷勝房) and Murakawa Masakatsu(村川正勝). In consideration of the two families’ economic loss due to the ban on travel to the island, Tottori Domain granted the ya and the Murakawa with rights to receive fees from fishery wholesalers and salt wholesalers, respectively, in Yonago. Nonetheless, both families continued their efforts to resume travel to Ulleungdo for many years. Around 1749, the ya even petitioned the Edo government to be allowed to participate in the shipping business of Osaka and the Nagasaki trade in order to expand their family business. However, such efforts were in vain. The ya faced the Meiji Restoration after repeated ups and downs in its economic status.

1696년 오키(隱岐)에 도항한 조선인들의 송환과정 검토

윤유숙 일본사학회 2013 일본역사연구 Vol.38 No.-

This article examines the case in May 1696 when a ship carrying eleven Joseon people sailed from Ulleungdo to the Oki islands and thereafter repatriated from Tottori Domain in Japan back to Joseon. Far from an ordinary case of drifting ashore, the event is a rare case reflecting Korea-Japan relations in the late Joseon period in that the sailors from the ship went to make a direct appeal to Japanese authorities. In this paper, I argue that the case was deeply related to the so-called 'Ulleungdo Dispute' that began in 1693. The case can be viewed as an extension of the event in which Joseon fishermen working at Ulleungdo were forcibly taken to Japan as well as the ongoing diplomatic dispute at the time between Joseon and Japan's Tsushima Domain over the possession of Ulleungdo. The ship from Joseon sailed to Japan for an 'unusual purpose' before the dispute over Ulleungdo could be officially settled by the governments of Joseon and Japan. The Tsushima Domain responded to the case by maintaining its diplomatic control of having exclusively managed relations between the two countries. As a result, after heavily persuading Japan's Edo government, the Joseon people were returned to their homeland in a form resembling deportation instead of the customary practice of repatriating drifters as was the case in 1693.