The tooth color changes by tobacco and coffee influenced by fluoride varnish application, after bleaching

Jin-Ha Lee,Sun-Ha Ahn,Sun-Young Hwang,Hye-Jung Bok 대한예방치과학회 2009 International Journal of Clinical Preventive Denti Vol.5 No.2

Objectives: This research shall compare the effects of each influence of tobacco and coffee, fluoride varnish on the value, hue and translucency of teeth, after office bleaching. Methods: We collected 10 extracted maxillary lateral incisors and maxillary central incisors and, subsequently began office bleaching by using 35% hydrogen peroxide and plasma arc light after having cut the crowns lengthwise to have a total of 20 sections. After office bleaching, tobacco and coffee, fluoride varnish was applied to the sections, where after, comparisons and evaluations were made to observe the changes in value, hue and translucency using ShadescanTM. Also, the results obtained through the test were done through a re-bleaching comparative section in coffee and tobacco wherein the grade of exposure in tobacco and coffee in each single tooth was listed and compared. Results: After completing office bleaching, the average value increased and both group's value decreased when an applied experiment solution consisting of 10 cigarettes and 2 cups of coffee were applied. The tobacco application group decreased the value of bleached teeth more than the coffee's(p<0.05). When re-bleaching discolored teeth, discolored teeth by the tobacco's value was lower than the coffee's(p<0.1). When applying coffee to the bleached teeth, A(orange) line appeared mostly on the teeth and when tobacco was applied, C(yellowish orange gray) line appeared more(p<0.1). When applying coffee after office bleaching, a decrease in the value of fluoride varnish application group was less than that in the application group(p<0.1). When drinking coffee, increase of A(orange) line in the fluoride varnish application group was lower, with a ratio of B(yellow), C(yellowish orange gray), D2, 3(red orange), D4(yellowish orange gray) line was higher than that in the application group(p<0.1). 7 days after applying the experiment solution, translucency of all groups’ of coffee and tobacco, fluoride varnish application and in application was improved generally. But the1 time application of fluoride varnish we conclude that we did not have a perfect effect than not applying it(p<0.1). Conclusion: It is known that drinking coffee and smoking interferes in the maintenance of bleached teeth and when you consider re-bleaching, one should never smoke. Also, after finishing bleaching, applying fluoride varnish prevents discoloring and a decrease in the value of teeth, therefore, we suggest applying fluoride varnish on the teeth because this will have a good, positive effect. Objectives: This research shall compare the effects of each influence of tobacco and coffee, fluoride varnish on the value, hue and translucency of teeth, after office bleaching. Methods: We collected 10 extracted maxillary lateral incisors and maxillary central incisors and, subsequently began office bleaching by using 35% hydrogen peroxide and plasma arc light after having cut the crowns lengthwise to have a total of 20 sections. After office bleaching, tobacco and coffee, fluoride varnish was applied to the sections, where after, comparisons and evaluations were made to observe the changes in value, hue and translucency using ShadescanTM. Also, the results obtained through the test were done through a re-bleaching comparative section in coffee and tobacco wherein the grade of exposure in tobacco and coffee in each single tooth was listed and compared. Results: After completing office bleaching, the average value increased and both group's value decreased when an applied experiment solution consisting of 10 cigarettes and 2 cups of coffee were applied. The tobacco application group decreased the value of bleached teeth more than the coffee's(p<0.05). When re-bleaching discolored teeth, discolored teeth by the tobacco's value was lower than the coffee's(p<0.1). When applying coffee to the bleached teeth, A(orange) line appeared mostly on the teeth and when tobacco was applied, C(yellowish orange gray) line appeared more(p<0.1). When applying coffee after office bleaching, a decrease in the value of fluoride varnish application group was less than that in the application group(p<0.1). When drinking coffee, increase of A(orange) line in the fluoride varnish application group was lower, with a ratio of B(yellow), C(yellowish orange gray), D2, 3(red orange), D4(yellowish orange gray) line was higher than that in the application group(p<0.1). 7 days after applying the experiment solution, translucency of all groups’ of coffee and tobacco, fluoride varnish application and in application was improved generally. But the1 time application of fluoride varnish we conclude that we did not have a perfect effect than not applying it(p<0.1). Conclusion: It is known that drinking coffee and smoking interferes in the maintenance of bleached teeth and when you consider re-bleaching, one should never smoke. Also, after finishing bleaching, applying fluoride varnish prevents discoloring and a decrease in the value of teeth, therefore, we suggest applying fluoride varnish on the teeth because this will have a good, positive effect.

치아미백에 대한 지식과 만족도 현황

정유란(You-Ran Jeong),이주열(Ju-Yul Lee) 한국콘텐츠학회 2018 한국콘텐츠학회논문지 Vol.18 No.10

본 연구는 치아미백에 대한 지식과 만족도를 알아보고자 하는 것이다. 2017년 6월1일부터 2주 동안 울산광역시에 위치한 치과의원에 방문한 환자 328명을 대상으로 자기기입식 설문 조사를 실시하였다. 연구결과 치아미백 지식수준에 따른 치아미백만족도는 통계적으로 유의하지 않았으며, 치아미백지식수준이 상(8-10)인 경우 만족도가 3.86으로 가장 높았으며 하(0-3)인 경우 만족도가 3.00으로 가장 낮았다. 일반적인 특성에 따른 치아미백 만족도는 성별과 연령에서 통계적으로 유의하게(p<0.05) 나타났으며, 여자의 만족도가 3.74로 남자의 만족도 3.11 보다 높았다. 미백경험방법과 미백동기에 따른 만족도는 통계적으로 유의하였으며(p<0.05), 전문가 미백(4.41)이 OCT미백(2.64)보다 높았다. 또한 병원의 권유로 미백을 한 경우 4.13점으로 매체광고를 통해 미백을 경험한 경우(3.00) 보다 높았다. 따라서 치아미백의 만족도는 대상자의 일반적인 특성 뿐만 아니라 치아미백에 관한 지식수준, 치아미백 방법과 치아미백 동기에 영향을 받았다. 이러한 요인을 활용하여 치아미백의 경험과 만족도를 향상시키기 위한 치료계획을 세우는데 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것이다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the knowledge and satisfaction of tooth bleaching. From June 1st, 2017, 328 patients who visited a dental clinic in Ulsan Metropolitan City for two weeks were asked to do a self - filling questionnaire. As a result of the study, the tooth bleaching satisfaction according to tooth bleaching knowledge was not statistically significant (p<0.05), and the highest(8-10) degree of satisfaction was 3.86 when the knowledge of tooth bleaching was high, and the lowest(0-3) was 3.00. The tooth bleaching satisfaction according to general characteristics was significantly different in age and gender. The score of women were 3.74 and higher than men’s 3.11 The tooth bleaching experience and tooth bleaching satisfaction were statistically significant (p<0.05) and professional tooth bleaching (4.41) was higher than OCT bleaching (2.64). Also, when the tooth bleaching was done by the invitation of the hospital, it was higher than the case of experiencing tooth bleaching through media advertising. Therefore, the satisfaction of tooth bleaching is required not only for general characteristics but also for tooth tooth bleaching, and it is influenced by tooth bleaching method and tooth bleaching motivation. These factors may be useful to establish a treatment plan to improve the satisfaction of tooth bleaching.

치아미백술에 대한 기대도에 관한 연구

구효진,이명주,박정희 대한치과위생학회 2015 대한치과위생학회지 Vol.17 No.2

In this study, in order to investigate the expectation on the tooth bleaching according to oral health behavior, factors associated with tooth bleaching and colorable-food consumption and to improve individual satisfaction after one who had the tooth bleached, Survey had been conducted on the 139 target female Dental Hygiene Students in Masan university on September, 2013. 1. Expectation on the tooth bleaching according to health behavior of Group tooth-brushing less than or equal to twice a day has is higher than that on group tooth-brushing thrice a day. Differences between them is statistically significant (p=0.047), Psychological expectation according to regular check-up and Scaling within 1 year has statistical significance (p<0.05). 2. Expectation on the tooth bleaching according to subjective expectation on the tooth color has statistical significance satisfaction on psychological expectation, social expectation and total expectation (p<0.05), Expectation on the tooth bleaching according to interest in the tooth bleaching has social expectation, side effect and total expectation (p<0.05). Experience of the tooth bleaching has statistical significance according to experience one who heard whose tooth is dark and harm on social community attitudes (p<0.05). 3. Expectation on the tooth bleaching according to colorable-drink consumption has statistical significance on aesthetic expectation and side effect (p<0.05), side effect has according statistical significance to colorable-food consumption (p=0.039). Result of study is that expectation on the tooth bleaching is influenced by not only expectation on the tooth color, experience of the tooth bleaching and interest in the tooth bleaching, but also consumption of colorable food. But utilizing by the result of study, it is believed to be further studied methods that improving individual satisfaction according to the tooth bleaching.

치아미백제가 우치의 색상에 미치는 영향

정석민,박경희,박영준 대한치과기재학회 2001 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.28 No.1

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of commercial home-tooth bleaching agents in the color of tooth. Thirty sound extracted bovine teeth were randomly divided into six groups. The color differences between before and after treatment with four types of tooth bleaching agents (Nite White ExcelR, Insta-BriteTM, OpalescenceR, and Plus WhiteR), one type of whitening toothpaste (Natural WhiteR) and untreated control group were evaluated. The results were as follows; 1.By 2 week home tooth bleaching agent applications, the values (L*) of bovine teeth increased as high as 2.18 ∼ 6.73. 2.Insta-Brite induced significantly greater ΔL* and ΔE* than other tested groups by 2 week bleaching agent treatments(p<0.01). 3.Plus White which was applied for 5 minutes twice a day for 2 weeks induced significantly lesser ΔL* (2.18) and ΔE* (2.80) than those in Insta-Brite (ΔL*=5.30, ΔE*=6.73), Nite White Excel (ΔL*=4.24, ΔE*=4.90), Opalescence (ΔL*=3.78, ΔE*=4.92) which were applied for 8 hours a day for 2 weeks (p<0.01). These results demonstrate that all the commercial home-tooth bleaching agents have appreciable bleaching effect on bovine teeth, and the effects of home-tooth bleaching agents which are used during night time are affected by viscosity as well as content of carbamide peroxide. The whitening effect of home tooth bleaching agents that are used through nighttime is greater than that of short time-applying tooth bleaching agent.

변색 실활치에 대한 carbamide peroxide gel의 표백효과

박선아,김선호,황윤찬,오병주,윤창,박영준,정선와,황인남,오원만 大韓齒科保存學會 2002 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.27 No.4

The bleaching of discolored nonvital teeth is conservative treatement that satisfy the cosmetic desire. The most common method for this treatement, walking bleaching, is using 30% hydrogen peroxide and sodium perborate. Many alternatives are suggested for preventing the external cervical root resorption that is the common complication of the nonvital teeth bleaching with 30% hydrogen peroxide. The same extent of oxidation reactions as that resulted by the bleaching with the application of 30% hydrogen peroxide and sodium perborate can also be acquired more safely by materials that contain 10% carbamide peroxide, used primarily for the bleaching of vital teeth. Therefore, this study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of 10% and 15% carbamide peroxide bleaching gel in nonvatal teeth bleaching. The internal bleaching of intentionally discolored teeth was performed in vitro with 10% carbamide peroxide (Group 1), 15% carbamide peroxide (Group 2), mixture of distilled water and sodium perborate (Group 3), and mixture of 30% hydrogen peroxide and sodium perborate (Group 4). The bleaching materials were refreshed following 3, 6, 9 and 12 days. To evaluate the bleaching effect, the color change of the crowns was measured at 1, 2, 3, 4, 7 and 15 days of bleaching using the colorimeter. The results were as follows : 1. L^* and ΔE^* values were increased with time in all bleaching agents(p<0.01). 2. There was no significant difference in L^* and ΔE^* value among bleaching agents. 3. Δ^* value higher than 3 was shown after 3 days of bleaching with 10% carbamide peroxide gel, 1 day with 15% carbamide peroxide gel, 4 days with mixture sodium perborate and distilled water and 4 days with mixture sodium perborate and 30% hydrogen peroxide, respectively. These results revealed that the use of 10% and 15% carbamide peroxide bleaching gel in non-vital teeth bleaching is as effective as mixture of distilled water and sodium perborate and mixture of 30% hydrogen peroxide and sodium perborate. Accordingly, carbamide peroxide could be used clinically to bleach discolored non-vital teeth.

Carbamide peroxide의 함량에 따른 치아미백제의 치아에 대한 효과

정석민,남상용,곽동주,Chung, Suk-Min,Nam, Sang-Yong,Kwak, Dong-Ju 대한치과기공학회 2001 대한치과기공학회지 Vol.23 No.1

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of commercial home-tooth bleaching agents on the color of tooth. Twenty five sound extracted teeth were randomly divided into five groups. The color differences between before and after treatment with five types of tooth bleaching agents (7.5% hydrogen peroxide Nite White $Excel^{(R)}$, 10% carbamide peroxide Nite White $Excel^{(R)}$, 16% carbamide peroxide Nite White $Excel^{(R)}$, 10% carbamide peroxide Insta-BriteTM, 20% carbamide peroxide Insta-$Brite^{TM}$) were evaluated. The results were as follows: 1. By 2 week home tooth bleaching agent applications, the values ($L^*$) of bovine teeth increased as high as 4.38 $\sim$ 8.80 when comparing to those of the samples before treatment, and the color difference (${\Delta}E^*$) showed as high as 10.16 $\sim$ 15.04. 2. 16% carbamide peroxide Nite White Excel induced significantly greater ${\Delta}L^*$ than other test edgroups except for 7.5% hydrogen peroxide Day White Excel, and significantly greater ${\Delta}E^*$ than other tested groups by 2 week bleaching agent treatments (p<0.01). 3. 16% carbamide peroxide Nite White Excel(${\Delta}L^*$=8.80, ${\Delta}E^*$=15.04) induced significantly greater ${\Delta}L^*$ and ${\Delta}E^*$ than 10% carbamide peroxide Nite White Excel(${\Delta}L^*$=5.01, ${\Delta}E^*$=10.16)(p<0.01), but significant difference between 10% carbamide peroxide Insta-Brite(${\Delta}L^*$=4.38, ${\Delta}E^*$=10.51) and 20% carbamide peroxide Insta-Brite(${\Delta}L^*$=5.63, ${\Delta}E^*$=11.23) was not shown in ${\Delta}L^*$ and ${\Delta}E^*$(p>0.01). 4. 16% carbamide peroxide Nite White Excel(${\Delta}L^*$=8.80, ${\Delta}E^*$=15.04) which were applied in night time induced significantly greater ${\Delta}L^*$ and ${\Delta}E^*$ than 7.5% hydrogen peroxide Day White Excel(${\Delta}L^*$=8.47, ${\Delta}E^*$=12.75) which were applied in day time. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that all the commercial home-tooth bleaching agents have appreciable bleaching effect on teeth, and the effects of home-tooth bleaching agents which are used during night time are affected by content of carbamide peroxide. Especially the whitening effect of home tooth bleaching agents that are used through night time is greater than that of short time-applying tooth bleaching agent.

Application of quantitative light-induced fluorescence technology for tooth bleaching treatment and its assessment: An <i>in vitro</i> study

Lee, Joo-Young,Lee, Eun-Song,Kang, Si-Mook,Kim, Baek-Il ELSEVIER SCIENCE B.V., AMSTERDAM 2019 PHOTODIAGNOSIS AND PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY Vol.25 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Objectives</B></P> <P>This study aimed to determine the efficacy of a combination of photocatalysts—hydrogen peroxide at a low concentration (3.5%) and titanium dioxide (TiO<SUB>2</SUB>)—activated at a wavelength of 405 nm using quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF) technology, and to quantify their tooth-bleaching efficacy using fluorescence images obtained from QLF technology.</P> <P><B>Materials and methods</B></P> <P>Forty bovine incisors were extrinsically stained according to Stookey’s method, and were randomly divided into four groups (<I>n</I> = 10 per group). Two bleaching solutions were prepared by mixing 3.5% H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> with 0.05% of anatase and rutile TiO<SUB>2</SUB> powders. These solutions were applied to the stained teeth using a microbrush and then irradiated for 15 min at either 306 or 405 nm to activate the bleaching agent. The color difference (Δ<I>E<SUP>*</SUP> </I>) was assessed before and after every 5 min of treatment. The Δ<I>E</I> <SUP>*</SUP> and the changes in the fluorescence loss (ΔΔ<I>F</I>) were obtained from white-light and fluorescence images, respectively.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>All of the low-H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>/TiO<SUB>2</SUB> treatments caused significant tooth-bleaching efficacy after irradiation at 306 and 405 nm (<I>p</I> < 0.05). The results did not differ significantly between the two wavelengths (<I>p</I> > 0.05), but the bleaching efficacy was greater with anatase TiO<SUB>2</SUB> at 306 nm and rutile TiO<SUB>2</SUB> at 405 nm. Analysis of the fluorescence images revealed that the Δ<I>F</I> values increased significantly in all groups with the treatment time (<I>p</I> < 0.05). There was a statistically significant correlation between Δ<I>E<SUP>*</SUP> </I> and the change in ΔΔ<I>F</I> (<I>r</I> = 0.822, <I>p</I> < 0.001).</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>Combining low-H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>/TiO<SUB>2</SUB> with QLF technology at 405 nm has an efficacy of tooth-bleaching as a less harmful and biofriendly method, while the fluorescence images obtained by QLF technology could be used to assess tooth-bleaching.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> This study focused on the new concept of theragnosis in field of tooth bleaching. </LI> <LI> Tooth bleaching efficacy was improved by combining low H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>/TiO<SUB>2</SUB> under 405 nm. </LI> <LI> Fluorescence images could be used to assess tooth bleaching. </LI> <LI> QLF technology showed dual increasing and assessing efficacy of tooth bleaching. </LI> <LI> In tooth bleaching field, QLF technology has possibility of realizing theragnosis. </LI> </UL> </P>

Surface Damage and Bleaching Effect according to the Application Type of Home Tooth Bleaching Applicants

( Na-yeoun Tak ),( Do-seon Lim ),( Hee-jung Lim ),( Im-hee Jung ) 한국치위생과학회 2020 치위생과학회지 Vol.20 No.4

Background: In this study, the bleaching effect and surface damage of two types of over-the-counter home tooth bleaching agents were explored using an in vitro study of bleaching agents applied to bovine teeth specimens for 14 days. Methods: Domestic over-the-counter home tooth bleaching agents of gel and patch form that shared common active ingredients and manufacturers were selected and tested. The experiment specimens were made using composite resin with bovine tooth samples and then measured the initial microhardness. Specimens were then divided into a Gel group and a Patch group and underwent bleaching treatment once a day for two weeks for 30 to 60 minutes (recommended) or 7 hours. All specimens were coffee-stained prior to bleaching. The bleaching effect was measured using a spectrophotometer and surface damage was measured using a microhardness meter. Results: The difference in color following the bleaching procedure was positive in both the Gel and Patch group, although there were no statistically significant differences in bleaching effect between groups. There was no significant difference in bleaching effect based on duration. The microhardness test revealed that both the Gel group and the Patch group had surface damage after bleaching. The greatest surface damage was found in the Patch group that had undergone a 7-hour bleaching treatment, although the differences were not statistically significant. Conclusion: The bleaching effect of the home tooth bleaching agent was visible to the naked eye. However, longer applications than recommended did not result in greater bleaching, unlike consumers’ expectations, and instead increased the chance of enamel damage. As such, there is a need for consumers to be alert and adhere to recommendations provided by each company.

생활치 표백술 후 수종의 자유 산소기 제거제 처리가 복합 레진-법랑질 전단 접착 강도 및 파절 양상에 미치는 영향

임경한,금기연,김애리,장수미 대한치과보존학회 2001 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.26 No.5

Tooth bleaching has been prevailing recently for its ability to recover the color and shape of natural teeth without reduction of tooth material. However, it has been reported that bleaching procedure adversely affects the adhesive bond strength of composite resin to tooth. At the same time the bond strength was reported to be regained by application of some chemical agents. The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the effect of the removal of residual peroxide on the composite- enamel adhesion and also evaluated fracture mode between resin and enamel after bleaching. Sixty extracted human anterior and premolar teeth were divided into 5 groups and bleached by combined technique using office bleaching with 35 % hydrogen peroxide and matrix bleaching with 10% carbamide peroxide for 4 weeks. After bleaching, the labial surfaces of each tooth were treated with catalase, 70% ethyl alcohol, distilled water and filled with composite resin. Shear bond strength was tested and the fractured surfaces were also examined with SEM. Analysis revealed significantly higher bond strength values. (p<0.05) for catalase-treated specimens, but water-treated specimens showed reduction of bond strength, alcohol- treated specimens had medium value between the two groups(p<0.05). The fracture mode was shown that the catalase group and the alchohol group had cohesive failure but the water sprayed group had adhesive failure. It was concluded that the per-oxide residues in tooth after bleaching seems to be removed by gradual diffusion and the free radical oxygen from peroxide prevents polymerization by combining catalyst in the resin monomer. Therefore it may be possible to eliminate the adverse effect on the adhesion of composite resin to enamel after bleaching by using water displacement solution or dentin bonding agent including it for effective removal of residual per-oxide Key words : Vital tooth bleaching, Shear bond strength, Composite resin, Fracture mode catalase, Ethylalcohol, Free oxygen radical, Adhesive failure, Cohesive failure

An Evaluation of the Repetitive Tooth Bleaching with Nonthermal Atmospheric Pressure Plasma

Seoul Hee Nam,Gyoo Cheon Kim,Jin Woo Hong 대한구강생물학회 2016 International Journal of Oral Biology Vol.41 No.4

This study was undertaken to achieve a high bleaching efficacy with plasma, through longer application and reparative bleaching processes, by different shade evaluation methods. Extracted human teeth were divided into 6 groups (n=10). All teeth were treated in pairs. Low concentration of 15% carbamide peroxide (CP) was applied, with and without plasma, for 10, 20, and 30-min tooth bleaching, respectively. The bleaching procedure was repeated once daily for four days. The teeth were maintained in a moist environment provided by artificial saliva. The Vitapan Classical shade guide and Commission Internationale de L’Eclairage (CIELAB) color system were collectively used to measure the bleaching efficacy. Color evaluation was statistically analyzed using Student t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) complemented by Tukey’s test. Combining the plasma with 15% CP showed significantly greater color changes compared to bleaching without plasma (p<0.05). A high bleaching efficacy with plasma is proportional to the repetitive application and the treatment time. A 30-min application with plasma provided the best bleaching. Repetitive bleaching showed lower probability of color relapse of the bleached tooth. The color change by shade guide correlated with the changes in CIELAB color system. A value of 1 color change units (CCU) conversion factor for overall color change (ΔE) values comparisons was 3.724 values. The two measuring methods provide a more accurate correspondence of color change. The repetitive and longer application for tooth bleaching, combined with plasma, has a strong bleaching effect and produces whiter teeth