흰쥐에서 Divalent Metal Transporter 1의 조직내 분포와 Iron에 의한 조절

최재혁,박정덕 한국환경독성학회 2004 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.19 No.4

Iron (Fe) is an essential metal in biological processes, which maintains a homeostasis in the human body Divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) has been known as an iron transporting membrane protein, which is involved in the uptake Fe at the apical portion of intestinal epithelium, and may transport Fe across the membrane of acidified endosome in peripheral tissues In this study, we studied the tissue distribution of DMT1 in the Fe supplemented (FeS) diet fed rats, and the regulation of DMT1 expression by depleting body Fe Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups, and fed FeS (120mg Fe/kg) diet or Fe deficient (FeD, 2~6mg Fe/kg) diet for 4 weeks The evaluation of body Fe status was monitored by measuring sFe, UIBC and tissue Fe concentration Additionally, DMT1 mRNA levels were analyzed in the peripheral tissues by using the quantitative real time RT-PCR method In the FeS diet fed rats, the tissue Fe was maintained at a relatively high level, and DMT1 was eventually expressed in all tissues studied DMT1 was highly expressed in the testis, kidney and spleen, while a moderate levels of DMT1 expression was detected in the brain, liver and heart In the digestive system, the highest level of DMT1 was found in the duodenum Feeding the FeD diet caused a reduced body weight gain and depletion of body Fe with finding of decreased sFe, increased UIBC and decreased tissue Fe concentration The depletion of body Fe upregulated DMT1 expression in the peripheral tissue The expression of DMT1 was very sensitive to the body Fe depletion in the small intestine, especially in the duodenum, showing dramatically higher levels in the FeD rats than those of the FeS group In the FeD diet fed animals, the expression of DMT1 was low significantly in other tissues compared with the duodenum The expression of DMT1, however, was 60~120% higher in the testis, kidney and spleen, and 30~50% higher in the lung, liver and heart, compared to the FeS diet fed rats In summary, DMT1 expression was ubiquitous in mammalian tissue, and the level of expression was the organ-dependent The expression of DMT1 in peripheral tissues was upregulated by depletion of body Fe Duodenum was the most sensitive tissue among organs studied during Fe depletion, and expressed the greatest level of DMT1, while other tissues were less higher than in duodenum This study supports that DMT1 plays a role in maintaining the body Fe level through intestinal uptake as well as homeostasis of Fe in the peripheral tissue.

광 조사에 따른 온도분포를 이용한 생체조직 내 비정상조직 탐지에 대한 연구

고동국(Dong Guk Ko),임익태(Ihk-Tae Im) 대한기계학회 2017 大韓機械學會論文集B Vol.41 No.5

본 연구에서는 비정상조직(파라핀)을 가진 생체조직에 광을 조사하고 그에 따른 조직의 표면온도와 비정상조직 주위에서의 온도분포를 실험과 해석적 방법을 통해 분석하였다. 파라핀을 이용하여 비정상 조직을 모사한 후 조사하는 광의 파장과 시간을 변화시키면서 조직 주위에서의 온도를 K형 열전대를 사용하여 측정하였다. 또한 전산열전달 기법을 이용하여 해석적으로 조직에 대한 온도분포를 예측하였다. 정상조직과 비정상조직의 주위에서의 온도는 차이가 있었으며, 비정상조직이 있는 경우 표면과 조직 주위의 온도가 높게 나타났다. In this study, the characteristics of the temperature generated by light irradiation, on the surface of a biological tissue with an abnormal tissue part (paraffin) and at the surroundings of the abnormal tissue were studied by numerical and experimental methods. The temperature in the tissue was solved using the computational heat transfer and was compared with the temperature measured with thermocouples. The effects of the light wavelength and the irradiation time on the temperature distribution were analyzed. As a result, the temperature distribution from the irradiation of light in the biological tissue was different when there was an abnormal tissue part. The temperature in the biological tissue with the abnormal tissue part was higher than in a normal tissue.

쐐기필터 사용 시 레디오크로믹 필름을 이용한 조직에 따른 선량분포 연구

김연래(Yon-Lae Kim),이정우(Jeong-Woo Lee),박병문(Byung-Moon Park),정재용(Jae-Yong Jung),박지연(Ji-Yeon Park),서태석(Tae-Suk Suh) 대한방사선과학회(구 대한방사선기술학회) 2012 방사선기술과학 Vol.35 No.2

본 논문의 목적은 쐐기필터를 사용한 방사선조사면에서 다양한 조직전자밀도가 선량분포에 미치는 영향을 분석하고자 함이다. 구성된 물질에 따라 밀도가 다른 고체 팬텀, 코르크팬텀, 그리고 공기층에서 동적쐐기필터와 금속쐐기필터를 이용하여 선량분포의 변형정도를 평가하였다. 본 실험에서는 매질 내 삽입이 용이하고 우수한 선량특성을 가지고 있는 레디오크로믹 필름(Gafchromic EBT2, International Speciality Products, NJ)을 사용하였다. 선형가속기 6 ㎹ 광자선을 이용해서 10×10 ㎠ 조사면에 400 MU를 조사하였다. 필름의 선량분포는 선량 분석프로그램을 이용하여 조사면 내 영역과 반음영 영역을 분석하였다. 조직의 밀도가 같을 때 동적쐐기필터와 금속 쐐기필터의 선량분포는 금속 쐐기필터 선량이 동적쐐기필터 선량보다 높게 나타났다. 조직전자밀도가 다른 부위에 쐐기필터의 종류에 따른 선량분포는 고체팬텀과 코르크팬텀에서 2% 이내 차이를 나타내고 있었다. 그러나 공기층에서 선량분포는 고체팬텀이나 코르크 팬텀의 선량분포와 큰 차이를 보이고 있다. 공기층에서 쐐기필터의 선량분포는 쐐기 사용 효과가 나타나지 않고 있다. 쐐기필터의 두꺼운 부분과 얇은 부분 밖에서 반음영의 크기는 1 ㎝에서 2 ㎝ 정도 크게 두꺼운 부분에서 크게 나타났다. 그리고 금속 쐐기필터에서 반음영이 동적쐐기필터 보다 평균 6.4%정도 높게 반음영이 나타났다 본 실험을 통해 공기층과 같이 조직전자밀도 현저히 작은 매질에서는 쐐기필터의 효과가 크게 떨어지는 것과 불균질 물질에 따라 흡수되는 선량분포가 크게 변형되는 것을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 조직전자밀도의 차이가 큰 부위의 방사선치료계획 시 쐐기필터의 적용에 따른 적절한 보정이 이루어져야 한다. The purpose of this study is to analyze the dose distribution when wedge filter is used in the various tissue electron density materials. The dose distribution was assessed that the enhanced dynamic wedge filter and physical wedge filter were used in the solid water phantom, cork phantom, and air cavity. The film dosimetry was suitable simple to measure 2D dose distribution. Therefore, the radiochromic films (Gafchromic EBT2, ISP, NJ, USA) were selected to measure and to analyze the dose distributions. A linear accelerator using 6 ㎹ photon were irradiated to field size of 10×10 ㎠ with 400 MUs. The dose distributions of EBT2 films were analyzed the in-field area and penumbra regions by using dose analysis program. In the dose distributions of wedge field, the dose from a physical wedge was higher than that from a dynamic wedge at the same electron density materials. A dose distributions of wedge type in the solid water phantom and the cork phantom were in agreements with 2%. However, the dose distribution in air cavity showed the large difference with those in the solid water phantom or cork p hantom dose distributions. Dose distribution of wedge field in air cavity was not shown the wedge effect. The penumbra width, out of the field of thick and thin, was observed larger from 1 ㎝ to 2 ㎝ at the thick end. The penumbra of physical wedge filter was much larger average 6 % than the dynamic wedge filter. If the physical wedge filter is used, the dose was increased to effect the scatter that interacted with photon and physical wedge. In the case of difference in electron like the soft tissue, lung, and air, the transmission, absorption, and scattering were changed in the medium at high energy photon. Therefore, the treatment at the difference electron density should be inhomogeneity correction in treatment planning system.

Evaluation of CdSe/CdS-PEG-FA quantum dots: distribution and observable-adverse-effect-level in mice after intravenous injection

Md. Mamunul Haque,Hye-Yeon Im,Ji Eun Seo,Mahbub Hasan,Sailendra Nath Sarma,우경자,Oh Seung KWON 한국약제학회 2012 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.42 No.4

Tissue distribution and observable-adverseeffect-level of cadmium selenide/cadmium sulfide (CdSe/CdS) quantum dots (QDs) were investigated to get important information of this QDs. Female BALB/c mice were treated with single intravenous (IV) injection of polyethylene glycol-folic acid-coated QDs (CdSe/CdSPEG-FA) at different concentrations (0, 270, and 540 pmol/20 g of mice body weight), and the subsequent toxicological effect-levels were examined for 24 h. The health and apparent behaviors of the animals were normal throughout the study. The distribution of the QDs was observed in the spleen, liver, lung and kidneys, but not in the brain and heart tissues. The spleen and liver possess the highest amount of the QDs followed by the lung while the kidneys possess the few. There were no changes in the organ weight index, total protein concentration, LDH activity, and specific NADPH oxidase activity in any tested organ indicating no toxic effects of the QDs in our study. Additionally, histopathological examination did not show any cellular/tissue structural damages. Overall, single IV administration of CdSe/CdS-PEG-FA QDs to BALB/c mice allows immediate systematic availability, and showed different tissue distribution without any obvious toxic effects at our experimental design.

한국인의 체내 비소오염도 조사 연구

이상기,양자열,김기욱,이수연,권태정,유영찬 한국환경독성학회 2003 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.18 No.2

Humans are exposed to toxic element arsenic (As) from air, food and water. The current study was performed to investigate the levels of arsenic in the internal organs (liver, kidney cortex, lung, cerebrum, abdominal muscle and abdominal skin) and to find out correlation with age and interrelationship between tissues in Korean human bodies who had lived in Seoul or Gyeonggi Province and Honam district. The tissues from 43 Korean cadavers were digested with microwave digestion system and arsenic: was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer(ICP-MS). The mean recovery percentages of arsenic in liver were about 80% and arsenic concentrations in human tissues were almost uniform. The mean level of arsenic in internal tissues were as follow; liver 44.556±25.199 ppb, kidney cortex 42.652±22,082 ppb, lung 31.020 ±17.504 ppb, cerebrum 35.703±22.591 ppb, muscle 43,415±26.619 ppb and skin 42,106±25.831 ppb. No significant difference was found in the levels of arsenic between sexes. Meanwhile significant differences between districts where they had lived were found in all tissues tested. The levels of arsenic in the tissues of cadavers who had lived in Seoul Gyeonggi Province were higher than those of Honam district. In addition a positive correlation between As concentration and age was observed only in the cerebrum (p<0.05). A significantly high correlations between tissues were observed in all tissues tested. This result also shows that the distribution of arsenic is uniform in internal tissues.

Relative tumor density of soft tissue sarcoma in Korean population: A retrospective analysis

( Bo Bin Cha ),( Kyu Yeon Kim ),( Jin Seop Kim ),( Yeon Gu Choi ),( Gyoo Huh ),( Hyeon Jeong Park ),( Heun Joo Lee ),( Young Jun Choi ),( Won-serk Kim ),( Ga-young Lee ) 대한피부과학회 2021 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.73 No.1

Background: Relative tumor density (RTD) has been a standard method to compare skin cancer distribution by anatomical sites. RTD is a flawless tool to analyze soft tissue sarcoma (STS), a group of heterogenous malignant neoplasms with whole-body distribution. Objectives: This study aims to analyze RTD of STS in Korean cohort and provide a solid foundation to approach STS from different body sites. Methods: The biopsy data of 40 patients and a total of 41 sarcoma lesions was analyzed. RTD was calculated by dividing the proportion of tumors at a defined anatomical site by the mean proportion of the skin surface area. Body was classified into four anatomical sites of head and neck, trunk, upper limbs, and lower limbs. Results: Mean age of 26 men and 14 women was 64 years. The most commonly diagnosed sites of 41 lesions were lower limbs (n=16, 39.0 %) and trunk (n=12, 29.3 %). The sites with the highest RTD were head and neck (n=11, 2.98) and lower limbs (n=16, 0.98). The most common tumor in head and neck area was cutaneous angiosarcoma (n=7, 63.6 %). In terms of tumor type, Kaposi’s sarcoma (n=14, 34.1 %) was the most common, followed by dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (n=12, 29.3 %). Conclusion: The concept of RTD paves the way to approach soft tissue sarcomas which show histological and topographical complexity.

FC 1-14 : Relative tumor density of soft tissue sarcoma in Korean population: A retrospective analysis

( Bo Bin Cha ),( Kyu Yeon Kim ),( Jin Seop Kim ),( Yeon Gu Choi ),( Gyoo Huh ),( Hyeon Jeong Park ),( Heun Joo Lee ),( Young Jun Choi ),( Won-serk Kim ),( Ga-young Lee ) 대한피부과학회 2021 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.73 No.-

Background: Relative tumor density (RTD) has been a standard method to compare skin cancer distribution by anatomical sites. RTD is a flawless tool to analyze soft tissue sarcoma (STS), a group of heterogenous malignant neoplasms with whole-body distribution. Objectives: This study aims to analyze RTD of STS in Korean cohort and provide a solid foundation to approach STS from different body sites. Methods: The biopsy data of 40 patients and a total of 41 sarcoma lesions was analyzed. RTD was calculated by dividing the proportion of tumors at a defined anatomical site by the mean proportion of the skin surface area. Body was classified into four anatomical sites of head and neck, trunk, upper limbs, and lower limbs. Results: Mean age of 26 men and 14 women was 64 years. The most commonly diagnosed sites of 41 lesions were lower limbs (n=16, 39.0 %) and trunk (n=12, 29.3 %). The sites with the highest RTD were head and neck (n=11, 2.98) and lower limbs (n=16, 0.98). The most common tumor in head and neck area was cutaneous angiosarcoma (n=7, 63.6 %). In terms of tumor type, Kaposi’s sarcoma (n=14, 34.1 %) was the most common, followed by dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (n=12, 29.3 %). Conclusion: The concept of RTD paves the way to approach soft tissue sarcomas which show histological and topographical complexity.

Pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution, and excretion of zinc oxide nanoparticles

Baek, Miri,Chung, Hae-Eun,Yu, Jin,Lee, Jung-A,Kim, Tae-Hyun,Oh, Jae-Min,Lee, Won-Jae,Paek, Seung-Min,Lee, Jong Kwon,Jeong, Jayoung,Choy, Jin-Ho,Choi, Soo-Jin Dove Medical Press 2012 International journal of nanomedicine Vol.7 No.-

<P><B>Background</B></P><P>This study explored the pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution, and excretion profile of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles with respect to their particle size in rats.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>Two ZnO nanoparticles of different size (20 nm and 70 nm) were orally administered to male and female rats, respectively. The area under the plasma concentration-time curve, tissue distribution, excretion, and the fate of the nanoparticles in organs were analyzed.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>The plasma zinc concentration of both sizes of ZnO nanoparticles increased during the 24 hours after administration in a dose-dependent manner. They were mainly distributed to organs such as the liver, lung, and kidney within 72 hours without any significant difference being found according to particle size or rat gender. Elimination kinetics showed that a small amount of ZnO nanoparticles was excreted via the urine, while most of nanoparticles were excreted via the feces. Transmission electron microscopy and x-ray absorption spectroscopy studies in the tissues showed no noticeable ZnO nanoparticles, while new Zn-S bonds were observed in tissues.</P><P><B>Conclusion</B></P><P>ZnO nanoparticles of different size were not easily absorbed into the bloodstream via the gastrointestinal tract after a single oral dose. The liver, lung, and kidney could be possible target organs for accumulation and toxicity of ZnO nanoparticles was independent of particle size or gender. ZnO nanoparticles appear to be absorbed in the organs in an ionic form rather than in a particulate form due to newly formed Zn-S bonds. The nanoparticles were mainly excreted via the feces, and smaller particles were cleared more rapidly than the larger ones. ZnO nanoparticles at a concentration below 300 mg/kg were distributed in tissues and excreted within 24 hours. These findings provide crucial information on possible acute and chronic toxicity of ZnO nanoparticles in potential target organs.</P>

Identification of Novel Types of Nebulin in Human Non-muscle Tissues

우상혁,김영희,김지희,이민아,이영주,김정락 인제대학교 1998 仁濟論叢 Vol.14 No.2

Nebulin is a giant filamentous protein specific for vertebrate skeletal muscles. Nebulin comprises 2-3% of the myofibrillar protein of skeletal muscle and displays tissue-and development-specific isoforms(600 to 900 kDa). The correlation of its size to thin filament lengths in vertebrates suggests that nebulin may function as a molecular ruler to determine thin filament length. We have identified novel isoforms of human nebulin in skeletal muscle with RT-PCR. We used a panel of primers and RT-PCR to determine the tissue distribution of the isoforms in human uterus, ovary, oviduct and spleen. Every tissue has at least one of the isoforms. They were the first non-muscle human nebulins Identified. The unequal distribution of the isoforms of nebulin suggests tissue-specific regulation of the isoform expression and indicates a functional specialization of the encoded isoform subtypes.

"25-kDa Thiol Peroxidase" (TPx II)Acts as a "Housekeeping" Antioxidant

Kim, Il-Han,Cha, Mee-Kyung The Korea Science and Technology Center 1999 BMB Reports Vol.32 No.5

The newly-found thiol peroxidases (TPx) with a conserved cysteine as the primary site of catalysis are capable of catalyzing the thiol-dependent reduction of peroxides. However, the cellular distributions of the isoforms remain poorly understood. As a first step in understanding the physiological functions of the TPx isoforms, we examined the cellular and tissue distribution of the isoenzymes in various bovine tissues. The tissue distributions of TPx isoenzymes indicate that two types of TPx are widely distributed throughout all of the tested tissues. These two forms are the predominant proteins, with levels of the proteins being quite different from each other. The level of predominant TPx proteins, named type II (TPx II) and type V (TPx V), appeared to be very different with respect to tissue type. The cellular distribution and level of TPx isoenzymes also varied with the types of cells. Immunoblot analysis of the mitochondrial and cytosol a unique mitochondrial form. Based on the different tissue and cellular distribution of TRx isoenzymes, we discuss the physiological function of TPx isoenzymes, especially the ubiquitous TPx II.