A simulation study on synthesis gas process optimization for GTL (Gas-to-Liquid) pilot plant

김용헌(Kim, Yong Heon),배지한(Bae, Ji Han),박명호(Park, Myoung Ho) 한국신재생에너지학회 2011 한국신재생에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2011 No.05

A simulation study on synthesis gas process in GTL process was carried out in order to find optimum operation conditions for GTL (gas-to-liquid) pilot plant design. Optimum operating conditions for synthesis gas process were determined by changing reaction variables such as feed temperature and pressure. During the simulation, overall synthesis process was assumed to proceed under steady-state conditions. It was also assumed that physical properties of reaction medium were governed by RKS (Redlich-Kwong-Soave) equation. The effect of temperature and pressure on synthesis gas process H₂/CO ratio were mainly examined. Simulation results were also compared to experimental results to confirm the reliability of simulation model. Simulation results were reasonably well matched with experimental results.

Gas permeation properties of c-plane aligned hexagonal tungsten oxide membranes formed by multi-stage synthesis

Wada Shintaro,Hagio Takeshi,Kunishi Hiroto,Park Jae-Hyeok,Phouthavong Vanpaseuth,Yamada Yuta,Terao Toshihiro,Li Xinling,Nijpanich Supinya,Ichino Ryoichi 한국세라믹학회 2023 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.60 No.6

Crystalline microporous membranes are promising tools for gas separation because their molecular dimension pores allow us to accurately sieve molecules by size. Recently, microporous hexagonal WO3 was reported as a new potential membrane material and its membrane was found to enable separation of water from water/acetic acid mixtures. Pore size of hexagonal WO3 seemed to be also suitable for separation of small gasses; however, its gas permeation properties have not been reported. Additionally, densification of membranes by decreasing intercrystalline gaps are extremely important in gas separation. One effective method to densify polycrystalline membranes is to repeat membrane synthesis, namely multi-stage synthesis. Here, we attempt to prepare dense hexagonal WO3 membranes on porous tubular supports by multi-stage synthesis and examined their densification and gas permeation properties. Densification was confirmed by permeation of SF6 (gas molecule larger than pores of hexagonal WO3), and its potential for separating small gasses was considered from single gas permeation of He and He/SF6 permselectivity. The results indicated that the multi-stage synthesis is effective to densify the membranes and He/SF6 permselectivity reached 42.8 for three-stage synthesis under modified conditions, implying hexagonal WO3 is a potential membrane material for small gas separation.

A simulation study on synthesis gas process optimization for FT(Fischer-Tropsh) synthesis

김용헌(Kim, Yong-Heon),이원수(Lee, Won-Su),이흥연(Lee, Heoung-Yeoun),구기영(Koo, Kee-Young),송인규(Song, In-Kyu) 한국신재생에너지학회 2009 한국신재생에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2009 No.06

A simulation study on SCR (Steam Carbon dioxide Reforming) process in gas-to-liquid (natural gas to Fischer-Tropsch synthetic fuel) process was carried out in order to find optimum reaction conditions for GTL (gas-to-liquid) process reaction. Optimum SCR operating conditions for synthesis gas to FT (Fischer-Tropsch) process were determined by changing reaction variables such as feed temperature and pressure. During the simulation, overall synthesis process was assumed to proceed under steady-state conditions. It was also assumed that physical properties of reaction medium were governed by RKS (Redlich-Kwong-Soave) equation. SCR process was considered as reaction models for synthesis gas in GTL proess. The effect of temperature and pressure on SCR process H₂/CO ratio and the effect of reaction pressure on SCR reaction were mainly examined. Simulation results were also compared to experimental results to confirm the reliability of simulation model. Simulation results were reasonably well matched with experimental results.

CS gas가 흰쥐의 호흡점막내 섬모세포에서 Tubulin 합성에 미치는 영향

이기득,전영희,백태경,백두진,정호삼 대한해부학회 1996 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.29 No.1

Continuous synthesis of high-crystalline carbon nanotubes by controlling the configuration of the injection part in the floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition process

박지홍,박준범,이성현,김승민 한국탄소학회 2020 Carbon Letters Vol.30 No.6

Continuous synthesis of high-crystalline carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is achieved by reconfguring the injection part in the reactor that is used in the foating catalyst chemical vapor deposition (FC-CVD) process. The degree of gas mixing is divided into three cases by adjusting the confguration of the injection part: Case 1: most-delayed gas mixing (reference experiment), Case 2: earlier gas mixing than Case 1, Case 3: earliest gas mixing. The optimal synthesis condition is obtained using design of experiment (DOE) in the design of Case 1, and then is applied to the other cases to compare the synthesis results. In all cases, the experiments are performed by varying the timing of gas mixing while keeping the synthesis conditions constant. Production rate (Case 1: 0.63 mg/min, Case 2: 0.68 mg/min, Case 3: 1.29 mg/min) and carbon content (Case 1: 39.6 wt%, Case 2: 57.1 wt%, Case 3: 71.6 wt%) increase as the gas-mixing level increases. The amount of by-products decreases step�wise as the gas-mixing level increases. The IG/ID ratio increases by a factor of 7 from 10.3 (Case 1) to 71.7 (Case 3) as the gas-mixing level increases; a high ratio indicates high-crystalline CNTs. The radial breathing mode (RBM) peak of Raman spectrograph is the narrowest and sharpest in Case 3; this result suggests that the diameter of the synthesized CNTs is the most uniform in Case 3. This study demonstrates the importance of confguration of the injection part of the reactor for CNT synthesis using FC-CVD.

Reforming of methane to syngas in a microwave plasma torch at atmospheric pressure

Chun, Se Min,Hong, Yong Cheol,Choi, Dae Hyun Elsevier 2017 Journal of CO2 Utilization Vol.19 No.-

<P><B>Abstract<ce:cross-ref refid='fn0005'> <SUP>1</SUP> </ce:cross-ref> </B></P> <P>Carbon dioxide was converted to synthesis gas (syngas) in a microwave plasma torch by methane reforming at atmospheric pressure. The microwave plasma torch converts CO<SUB>2</SUB> +CH<SUB>4</SUB> into synthesis gas. This study examined conversion rates as a function of gas temperature for dry methane reforming. The temperature of the torch flame is measured 6760K by making use of optical spectroscopy. The CO<SUB>2</SUB>/CH<SUB>4</SUB> reforming can be completely converted into synthesis gas (conversions: 68.4%, CO<SUB>2</SUB>; 96.8%, CH<SUB>4</SUB>) through their reforming reactions at a microwave power of 6kW. When the reforming gas (CO<SUB>2</SUB>:CH<SUB>4</SUB>) mole ratio was 1:1, the resulting synthesis gas (H<SUB>2</SUB>:CO) mole ratio was 0.9:1.1. The H<SUB>2</SUB> and CO mass yield rates increased to 0.24kg/h and 1.86kg/h, respectively. Also, the energy yield are 240g/h and 41.4g/kWh. The CO<SUB>2</SUB> microwave plasma torch not only exhibited noteworthy results for CO<SUB>2</SUB> reduction and syngas production, but the H<SUB>2</SUB>:CO mole ratio of the gas produced is easily controlled by adjusting the CO<SUB>2</SUB>:CH<SUB>4</SUB> ratio during the feeding process.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A CO<SUB>2</SUB> microwave plasma torch was used to produce syngas via CH<SUB>4</SUB> conversion. </LI> <LI> Studied conversion rates as a function of gas temperature for dry methane reforming. </LI> <LI> The temperature of the torch flame was measured to be 6760K. </LI> <LI> Complete conversion of CO<SUB>2</SUB> and CH<SUB>4</SUB> into synthesis gas via their reforming reactions. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

목질계 바이오매스로부터 가스화에 의한 합성가스 제조 연구

조원준,모용기,송택용,백영순,김승수 한국수소및신에너지학회 2010 한국수소 및 신에너지학회논문집 Vol.21 No.6

Hydrogen is an alternative fuel for the future energy which can reduce pollutants and greenhouse gases. Synthesis gas has played an important role of synthesizing the valuable chemical compounds, for example methanol, DME and GTL chemicals. Renewable biomass feedstocks can be potentially used for fuel and chemicals. Current thermal processing techniques such as fast pyrolysis, slow pyrolysis, and gasification tend to generate products with a large slate of compounds. Lignocellulose feedstocks such as forest residues are promising for the production of bio-oil and synthesis gas. Pyrolysis and gasification was investigated using thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) and bubbling fluidized bed gasification reactor to utilize forest woody biomass. Most of the materials decomposed between 320℃ and 380℃ at heating rates of 5~20℃/min in thermogravimetric analysis. Bubbling fluidized bed reactor was used to study gasification characteristics, and the effects of reaction temperature, residence time and feedstocks on gas yields and selectivities were investigated. With increasing temperature from 750℃ to 850℃, the yield of char decreased, whereas the yield of gas increased. The gaseous products consisted of mostly CO, CO2, H2 and a small fraction of C1-C4 hydrocarbons.

CO₂가 함유된 중소규모 가스전을 위한 KOGAS DME Process 연구

모용기(Yong Gi Mo),조원준(Won Jun Cho),송택용(Taekyong Song),백영순(Youngsoon Baek) 한국가스학회 2010 한국가스학회지 Vol.14 No.4

전 세계적으로 온실가스인 이산화탄소 배출을 감축하기 위하여 다양한 노력이 이루어지고 있다. 이러한 상황에서 이산화탄소가 함유된 중소규모 가스전은 LNG로 개발하기에는 경제성이 떨어진다. 특히 가스전에 포함된 이산화탄소를 분리하기 위하여 분리설비가 추가로 설치되어야 한다. 따라서 플랜트 건설비용이 증가하고, 분리된 이산화탄소는 대기중으로 배출되어 온실가스 감축과는 상반되는 결과를 가져온다. 이러한 비경제적인 가스전에 KOGAS DME Process를 적용하면 가스전에 포함된 이산화탄소를 천연가스와 함께 원료가스로 활용할 수 있어 경제성이 높아진다. KOGAS DME Process는 합성가스를 제조하는 Tri- reformer(삼중개질반응기)를 통하여 H₂와 CO로 이루어지는 합성가스를 제조하는데 원료가스로 천연가스와 산소, 스팀, 이산화탄소를 활용한다. 여기서 사용되는 이산화탄소는 공정상 발생하는 이산화탄소를 회수하여 원료가스로 활용하게 된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 공정상 발생하는 이산화탄소의 발생량과 원료가스로 사용되는 이산화탄소의 사용량 그리고 가스전에 포함된 이산화탄소의 함량을 분석하여 가스전에 포함된 이산화탄소의 활용범위를 연구하고자 한다. The global activities to reduce the CO₂ emission as a greenhouse gas have been various efforts. Under this circumstance, small and medium sized gas field containing CO₂ to develop as LNG is not economic feasibility. Particularly, for the separation of CO2 in gas field, separation facilities should be installed to add. This is and increase in plant construction cost and separated CO₂ emission into the atmosphere is not the result of greenhouse gas reduction. When the uneconomic gas field apply the KOGAS DME process, the gas field containing CO₂ can be increase economic feasibility because of natural gas and CO₂ can be use to resource gas. The Tri-reformer produced syngas as H2 and CO in KOGAS DME process and the resource gases are natural gas, steam, oxygen and CO₂. The CO₂ is used as raw material gases from recover CO₂ in DME process. In this study, we investigated range of application of CO₂ in gas field.

Combustion synthesis of zero-, one-, two- and three-dimensional nanostructures: Current trends and future perspectives

Nersisyan, Hayk H.,Lee, Jong Hyeon,Ding, Jin-Rui,Kim, Kyo-Seon,Manukyan, Khachatur V.,Mukasyan, Alexander S. Elsevier 2017 Progress in energy and combustion science Vol.63 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The combustion phenomenon is characterized by rapid self-sustaining reactions, which can occur in the solid, liquid, or gas phase. Specific types of these reactions are used to produce valuable materials by different combustion synthesis (CS) routes. In this article, all three CS approaches, i.e. solid-phase, solution, and gas-phase flame, are reviewed to demonstrate their attractiveness for fabrication of zero-, one-, two-, and three-dimensional nanostructures of a large variety of inorganic compounds. The review involves five sections. First, a brief classification of combustion synthesis methods is given along with the scope of the article. Second, the state of art in the field of solid-phase combustion synthesis is described. Special attention is paid to the relationships between combustion parameters and structure/properties of the produced nanomaterials. The third and fourth sections describe details for controlling material structures through solution combustion synthesis and gas-phase flame synthesis, respectively. A variety of properties (e.g., thermal, electronic, electrochemical, and catalytic) associated with different types of CS nanoscale materials are discussed. The conclusion focuses on the most promising directions for future research in the field of advanced nanomaterial combustion synthesis.</P>

GTL(Gas-to-Liquid)기술 현황

전기원 한국에너지학회 2007 에너지공학 Vol.16 No.2

최근 신 고유가 시대를 맞이하여 천연가스를 이용한 합성석유 제조기술 개발의 중요성이 점차로 부각되고 있는 상황이다. GTL(Gas-to-Liquids) 공정은 현재의 고유가 상황에서 경쟁력 있는 사업 분야를 제공할 것으로 분석되고, GTL 제품은 환경오염물질이 거의 없어 21세기의 환경규제 강화 추세에 효과적으로 대응할 수 있는 청정연료이다. GTL 공정은 크게 천연가스의 주성분인 메탄의 리포밍 반응을 거쳐 합성 가스(CO+H2)를 제조하는 단계, 이 합성가스로부터 FT 합성반응을 통하여 액체 합성원유를 제조하는 단계, 합성원유를 개질하는 단계(수첨분해/수첨이성질화)로 이루어진다. 본 총설에서는 GTL 기술의 개요와 세계적인 개발 동향을 천연가스 reforming 기술과 FT 합성유 제조 기술에 중점을 두고서 소개하고자 한다.