바이오매스 합성가스 적용을 위한 LPG 엔진발전기 개조 및 성능평가

엘리에젤하비네자 ( Eliezel Habineza ),홍성구 ( Hong Seong Gu ) 한국농공학회 2022 한국농공학회논문집 Vol.64 No.5

Syngas, also known as synthesis gas, synthetic gas, or producer gas, is a combustible gas mixture generated when organic material (biomass) is heated in a gasifier with a limited airflow at a high temperature and elevated pressure. The present research was aimed at modifying the existing LPG engine generator for fully operated syngas. During this study, the designed gasifier-powered woodchip biomass was used for syngas production to generate power. A 6.0 kW LPG engine generator was modified and tested for operation on syngas. In the experiments, syngas and LPG fuels were tested as test fuels. For syngas production, 3 kg of dry woodchips were fed and burnt into the designed downdraft gasifier. The gasifier was connected to a blower coupled with a slider to help the air supply and control the ignition. The convection cooling system was connected to the syngas flow pipe for cooling the hot produce gas and filtering the impurities. For engine modification, a customized T-shaped flexible air/fuel mixture control device was designed for adjusting the correct stoichiometric air-fuel ratio ranging between 1:1.1 and 1.3 to match the combustion needs of the engine. The composition of produced syngas was analyzed using a gas analyzer and its composition was; 13∼15 %, 10.2∼13 %, 4.1∼4.5 %, and 11.9∼14.6 % for CO, H₂, CH₄, and CO₂ respectively with a heating value range of 4.12∼5.01 MJ/Nm³. The maximum peak power output generated from syngas and LPG was recorded using a clamp-on power meter and found to be 3,689 watts and 5,001 watts, respectively. The results found from the experiment show that the LPG engine generator operated on syngas can be adopted with a de-ration rate of 73.78 % compared to its regular operating fuel.

Syngas production in high performing tubular solid oxide cells by using high-temperature H₂O/CO₂ co-electrolysis

Yu, Seong-Bin,Lee, Seung-Ho,Mehran, Muhammad Taqi,Hong, Jong-Eun,Lee, Jong-Won,Lee, Seung-Bok,Park, Seok-Joo,Song, Rak-Hyun,Shim, Joon-Hyung,Shul, Yong-Gun,Lim, Tak-Hyoung Elsevier 2018 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL -LAUSANNE- Vol.335 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>By using electricity from renewable sources, high-temperature solid oxide co-electrolysis cells (SOCs) can perform advantageous conversion of H<SUB>2</SUB>O/CO<SUB>2</SUB> to high-value syngas. In this work, we investigated the performance of tubular solid oxide co-electrolysis cells for the production of syngas by electrochemical conversion of H<SUB>2</SUB>O/CO<SUB>2</SUB>. The tubular solid-oxide electrolysis cells comprise Ni-yttria stabilized zirconia (Ni-YSZ) based fuel-electrode supported cells, a yttria or scandia-stabilized zirconia (YSZ and ScSZ) electrolyte, and a composite air-electrode of (La<SUB>0.85</SUB>Sr<SUB>0.15</SUB>)<SUB>0.9</SUB>MnO<SUB>3</SUB> (LSM) and La<SUB>0.6</SUB>Sr<SUB>0.4</SUB>Co<SUB>0.2</SUB>Fe<SUB>0.8</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> (LSCF). The electrochemical performance of the tubular SOCs for various operating conditions was analyzed using I-V curves, EIS analysis, and gas chromatography. From the results, we confirm the correlation between the operating conditions and the electrochemical performance of the co-electrolysis process in the tubular SOCs. Furthermore, we found that the syngas yield of the ScSZ electrolyte-based SOC cell was better than that of the YSZ electrolyte-based SOC. The results show that using a tubular SOC offered highly efficient conversion of H<SUB>2</SUB>O/CO<SUB>2</SUB>, with high yield and good-quality syngas.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Effect of temperature, inlet gas composition on syngas yield investigated. </LI> <LI> In coelectrolysis, ScSZ electrolyte based SOC performs better than YSZ based SOC. </LI> <LI> Higher amount of CO<SUB>2</SUB> in the feed gas produces more CO in syngas. </LI> <LI> It is possible to achieve high syngas yield through optimized the conditions. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Use of magnetic nanoparticles to enhance bioethanol production in syngas fermentation

Kim, Y.K.,Lee, H. Elsevier Applied Science 2016 Bioresource technology Vol.204 No.-

The effect of two types of nanoparticles on the enhancement of bioethanol production in syngas fermentation by Clostridium ljungdahlii was examined. Methyl-functionalized silica and methyl-functionalized cobalt ferrite-silica (CoFe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>ΣiO<SUB>2</SUB>-CH<SUB>3</SUB>) nanoparticles were used to improve syngas-water mass transfer. Of these, CoFe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>ΣiO<SUB>2</SUB>-CH<SUB>3</SUB> nanoparticles showed better enhancement of syngas mass transfer. The nanoparticles were recovered using a magnet and reused five times to evaluate reusability, and it was confirmed that their capability for mass transfer enhancement was maintained. Both types of nanoparticles were applied to syngas fermentation, and production of biomass, ethanol, and acetic acid was enhanced. CoFe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>ΣiO<SUB>2</SUB>-CH<SUB>3</SUB> nanoparticles were more efficient for the productivity of syngas fermentation due to improved syngas mass transfer. The biomass, ethanol, and acetic acid production compared to a control were increased by 227.6%, 213.5%, and 59.6%, respectively by addition of CoFe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>ΣiO<SUB>2</SUB>-CH<SUB>3</SUB> nanoparticles. The reusability of the nanoparticles was confirmed by reuse of recovered nanoparticles for fermentation.

멀티 버너 중유 연소로에서의 합성 가스 혼합 연소 특성 연구

양동진(Dong-Jin Yang),최신영(Shin Young Choi),양원(Won Yang) 한국연소학회 2010 한국연소학회지 Vol.15 No.1

Co-combustion of syngas in an existing boiler can be one of the options for replacing conventional fossil fuel with alternative fuels such as waste and biomass. This study is aimed to investigate effects of syngas cocombustion on combustion characteristics and boiler efficiency. An experimental study was performed for a pilot-scale furnace with 4 oil burners. Tests were conducted with mixture-gas as a co-combustion fuel and heavy oil as a main fuel. The mixture-gas was composed of 15% CO, 7% H₂, 3% CH₄ and 75% N₂ for simulating syngas from air-blown gasification. And LHV of the mixture-gas was 890 ㎉/N㎥. Temperature distribution in the furnace and flue gas composition were measured for various heat replacement ratio by the mixture gas. Heat loss through the wall was also carried out through heat & mass balance calculation, in order to obtain informations related to boiler efficiency. Experimental results show that similar temperature distribution and flue gas composition can be obtained for the range of 0~20% heat replacement by syngas. NOx concentration is slightly decreased for higher heat replacement by the syngas because fuel NOx is decreased in the case. Meanwhile, heat loss is a bit decreased for higher heat replacement by the syngas, which implies that boiler efficiency can be a bit decreased when syngas co-combustion is applied to a boiler.

합성가스를 위한 소용량 상업용 엔진 발전기의 적용

하비네자엘리에젤 ( Eliezel Habineza ),홍성구 ( Seonggu Hong ) 한국농공학회 2020 한국농공학회 학술대회초록집 Vol.2020 No.-

The present research study intends to adapt the existing LPG engine generator for fully operated by syngas. The biomass (woodchips and charcoal) will be underrepresented for syngas production for power generation. During this study a 6.0KW LPG engine generator will be modified and tested for operation on syngas from a woodchip/charcoal powered gasifier. In the experiments, Syngas and LP Gas fuels will be tested as test fuels. For modification along with a flexible air/fuel mixture control system; an electronic control unit will be designed and used for metering the correct amount of air to match the combustion needs of the engine. The heating value of LP Gas vary 46-51MJ/kg while the HV for syngas is approximately 4.5MJ/kg, the power generated from LP Gas is about 6.0KW. The power generated from syngas will be recorded using CW 240 Clamp-on Power meter by varying different loads for performance analysis of LPG engine generator modified.

Computational Analysis of the Effects of Spray Parameters and Piston Shape on Syngas-Diesel Dual-Fuel Engine Combustion Process

Abubaker Ahmed M. M. Ali,Ali Kabbir,김창업,이용규,오승묵,김기성 한국분무공학회 2018 한국액체미립화학회지 Vol.23 No.4

In this study, a 3D CFD analysis method for the combustion process was established for a low calorific value syngasdiesel dual-fuel engine operating under very lean fuel-air mixture condition. Also, the accuracy of computational analysis was evaluated by comparing the experimental results with the computed ones. To simulate the combustion for the dualfuel engine, a new dual-fuel chemical kinetics set was used that was constituted by merging two verified chemical kinetic sets: n-heptane (173 species) for diesel and Gri-mech 3.0 (53 species) for syngas. For dual-fuel mode operations, the early stage of combustion was dominated by the fuel burning inside or near the spray plume. After which, the flame propagated into the syngas in the piston bowl and then proceeded toward the syngas in the squish zone. With the baseline injection system and piston shape, a significant amount of unburned syngas was discharged. To solve this problem, effects of the injection parameters and piston shape on combustion characteristics were analyzed by calculation. The change in injection variables toward increasing the spray plume volume or the penetration length were effective to cause fast burning in the vicinity of TDC by widening the spatial distribution of diesel acting as a seed of auto-ignition. As a result, the unburned syngas fraction was reduced. Changing the piston shape with the shallow depth of the piston bowl and 20% squish area ratio had a significant effect on the combustion pattern and lessened the unburned syngas fraction by half.

A Numerical Study on Combustion Characteristics in a Syngas-Diesel Dual Fuel Engine

( Abubaker Ahmed ),( Ali Kabbir ),( Changup Kim ),( Yonggyu Lee ),( Seungmook Oh ),( Kiseong Kim ) 한국액체미립화학회 2018 한국액체미립화학회 학술강연회 논문집 Vol.2018 No.-

The objective of this study is to analyze the combustion characteristics of an LSLB(Low calorific Syngas Lean Burn) dual-fuel engine, operated under overly lean conditions of syngas for power plant usages. A comprehensive chemical kinetics and computational fluid dynamics analysis were performed. In the present work, syngas is derived from coal that consists of H₂, CO and a high percentage of N₂ and CO₂, having low calorific value. This syngas is used with the similar amount of diesel to compensate for the excessive lean condition of syngas. The results indicate that most of diesel is burned as premixed combustion mode in dual fuel engine, then flame propagates through the syngas region in the piston bowl and squish zone. The hydrogen content affects little in the squish zone combustion. The effects of several injection parameters on the combustion characteristics were investigated also.

NUMERICAL STUDY OF THE COMBUSTION CHARACTERISTICS IN A SYNGAS-DIESEL DUAL-FUEL ENGINE UNDER LEAN CONDITION

Abubaker Ahmed Mohammed Mohammed Ali,Kabbir Ali,Changup Kim,Yonggyu Lee,오승묵,Kiseong Kim 한국자동차공학회 2019 International journal of automotive technology Vol.20 No.5

The aim of this study was to investigate the combustion characteristics of a syngas-diesel dual fuel engine operates in very lean fuel-air mixture conditions. 3D CFD simulation combined with chemical kinetics were used for analysis. The main parameter for this study was the hydrogen content in the syngas. To simulate the combustion for the dual fuel engine, a new dual-fuel chemical kinetics set was used that was constituted by merging the two chemical kinetics sets: n-heptane (173 species), and Gri-mech 3.0 (53 species) for natural gas. The calculation results were in good agreements with the experimental results. Most of the diesel fuel burned as premixed combustion mode. When the hydrogen concentration was high, as in syngas45, most of the syngas in the piston bowl and squish region, except near the cylinder wall, was combusted in the vicinity of TDC; but when hydrogen concentration was low, as in syngas25, flame propagation to the central region of the piston was delayed, which led to an increase of time loss and unburned syngas emission. Due to the strong reverse squish flow, the syngas composition did not affect the flame arrival time at the cylinder wall through the squish area by much.

Syngas-순산소 확산화염의 연소특성에 관한 실험적 연구

이상민,최원석,안국영 한국수소및신에너지학회 2010 한국수소 및 신에너지학회논문집 Vol.21 No.6

The characteristics of syngas-oxyfuel combustion has been investigated experimentally in the present study. Experimental measurements were conducted to aid a fundamental design of a syngas-oxyfuel combustor with a double coaxial burner configuration. To examine the effects of different syngas fuels on combustion characteristics, various fuel types are utilized such as commercial coal gases (Texaco, Shell), COG (cokes oven gas), and CH4 as a main component of natural gas. CO2 was added to the four fuel types as a diluent gas to reduce the flame temperature. The flame images and emission characteristics of NOx and CO were examined for various equivalence ratio and CO2 dilution ratio. The results show that CO emission was rapidly increased as equivalence ratio approached the stoichiometry condition by reducing the amount of oxygen. As the CO2 dilution increased, CO emission increased while NOx emission decreased due to reduced flame temperature. When the syngas-oxyfuel combustor is operated with 20~40% of CO2 dilution ratio, the CO and NOx emission levels were kept below 50 ppm and 25 ppm, respectively, with a high concentration of CO2 over 95 vol.% in exhaust gases.

합성가스/디젤 혼소압축착화 엔진의 합성가스 혼합비와 압축비에 따른 연소 및 배출가스 특성

이준순,정탄,이용규,김창업,오승묵 한국분무공학회 2019 한국액체미립화학회지 Vol.24 No.1

Syngas is widely produced by incomplete combustion of coal, water vapor, and air (oxygen) in a high-temperature/highpressure gasifier through a coal-gasification process for power generation. In this study, a simulation syngas which was mainly composed of H2, CO, CO2, and N2 was fueled with diesel. A modified single cylinder compression ignition (CI) engine is equipped with intake port syngas supply system and mechanical diesel direct injection system for dual fuel combustion. Combustion and emission characteristics of the engine were investigated by applying various syngas composition ratios and compression ratios. Diesel fuel injection timing was optimized to increase indicated thermal efficiency (ITE) at the engine speed 1,800 rpm and part load net indicated mean effective pressure (IMEPnet) 2 to 5 bar. ITE of the engine increased with the H2 concentration, compression ratio and engine load. With 45% of H2 concentration, compression ratio 17.1 and IMEPnet 5 bar, ITE of 41.5% was achieved, which is equivalent to that of only diesel fuel operation.