멜라민계 고유동화제의 다양한 조건에서의 합성 및 응용

윤성원 忠南大學校 大學院 2005 論文集 Vol.23 No.-

플래쉬 콘크리트의 유동성 및 유동성 감소는 유기 화학혼화제의 종류에 영향을 받는다는 것은 잘 알려져 있다. 유기화학 혼화제는 콘크리트의 물성을 증가 시킬 수 있다. 술포네이트 나프탈렌 포름알데하이드(SNF, Sulfonated Naphthalene-Formaldehyde) 고유동화제(superplasticizer)가 대표적으로 많이 사용되고 있으나, 유동성 감소의 문제점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 술포네이트 멜라민 포름알데하이드(SMF, Sulfonated Melamine-Formaldehyde) 고유동화제르 합성하여 SNF 고유동화제의 물리적 특성을 보완하고자 한다. SMF계 고유동화제를 4단계로 나누어 반응을 진행하였고, Step.1은 hydroxymethylation 단계이고, Step.2는 sulfonation 단계이고, Step.3은 중합단계이고, Step.4는 안정화 단게이다. SMF 고유동화제의 합성은 pH, 반응온도 및 반응시간에 영향을 받는다. 본 합성에서 우리는 멜라민과 포름알데하이드의 몰비를 1:3, 1:4로 변화 시키고, Step.3에서 촉매의 양을 조절하면서 반응을 진행하였다. 그리고, SMF 고유동화제 및 SNF계 고유동화제의 혼합한 시료에 대해서 시멘트 대비 0.5, 1.0, 1.5wt% 첨가하여 물리적 특성을 비교하였다. 고유동화제를 첨가한 시료는 첨가하지 않은 시료 CEM보다 높은 압축강도, 슬럼프 값을 나타내었고, 미세한 기공과 낮은 기공율을 보였다. It is well known that the fluidity and the fluidity loss of fresh concrete are affected by the kind of organic admixtures. Organic admixture can improve the properties of concrete. Sulfonated Naphthalene-Formaldehyde(SNF) Superplasticizer is used representatively, but has a problem in fluidity loss. In this study, we synthesized the Sulfonated Melamine-Formaldehyde(SMF) superplasticizer at the various synthetic conditions and compared the physical properties with SNF superplasticizer. SMF superplasticizer is synthesized with four synthetic steps. Step 1 is hydroxymethylation, Step. 2 is Sulfonation, Step. 3 is Polymerization and Step. 4 is Stabilization. Synthesis of SMF superplasticizer depends on pH, temperature and reaction time. In this reaction, we changed the mole ratio of melamine to formaldehyde at 1:3, 1:4, and the amount of acid catalyst at Step. 3. After application of SMF superplasticizer and its mixture with SNF superplasticizer to cement pastes and mortars, we measured the physical properties of them at the different dosages(0.5, 1.0, 1.5wt%) to cement. All samples including superplasticizer showed higher compressive strengths and slump, smaller pore size and porosity than CEM.

Effects of silica fume, superplasticizer dosage and type of superplasticizer on the properties of normal and self-compacting concrete

Mazloom, Moosa,Soltani, Abolfazl,Karamloo, Mohammad,Hassanloo, Ahmad,Ranjbar, Asadollah Techno-Press 2018 Advances in materials research Vol.7 No.1

In the present study, a special attention has been paid to the effects regarding the use of different superplasticizers in different dosages. To do so, 36 mixes of normal and self-compacting concrete with two water/binder ratios of 0.35 and 0.45, four different types of superplasticizer including melamine-formaldehyde, naphthalene-formaldehyde, carboxylic-ether and poly-carboxylate, four different superplasticizer/cement ratios of 0.4%, 0.8%, 1.2% and 1.6% and two silica fume/cement ratios of 0% and 10% have been cast. Moreover, the initial and final setting time of the pastes have been tested. For self-compacting mixes, flow time, slump flow, V-funnel, J-ring and L-box tests have been carried out as well as testing the compressive strength and rupture modulus. For normal concrete mixes,slump test has been conducted to assess the workability of the mix and then for each mix, the compressive strength and rupture modulus have been determined. The results indicate that in addition to the important role of superplasticizer type and dosage on fresh state properties of concrete, these parameters as well as the use of silica fume could affect the hardened state properties of the mixes. For instance, the mixes whose superplasticizer were poly-carboxylic-ether based showed better compressive and tensile strength than other mixes. Besides, the air contents showed robust dependency to the type of the superplasticizer. However, the use of silica fume decreased the air contents of the mixes.

감수제의 사용이 micro-POFA 혼입 시멘트 페이스트의 초기 수화 특성에 미치는 영향에 관한 실험적 연구

위광우 ( Wi Kwangwoo ),이한승 ( Lee Han-seung ),임승민 ( Lim Seungmin ) 한국건축시공학회 2021 한국건축시공학회지 Vol.21 No.4

Palm Oil Fuel Ash(POFA) has been widely used to replace Portland cement to enhance the mechanical properties and durability of concrete. However, it reduces the workability of concrete due to the high content of unburnt carbon and its angular shape requiring the usage of superplasticizer to ensure a proper flowability. In this study, effects of different types and dosage of superplasticizer on the early mechanical and hydration properties of cement paste containing micro-POFA were evaluated using mini-slump test, early compressive strength, TGA, XRD, and SEM. The results indicated that the flowability of cement paste containing micro-POFA reduced as the replacement ratio of micro-POFA increased. As the dosage of superplasticizer increased, the flowability was also increased. In addition, the usage of superplasticizer reduced the early compressive strength, and the strength decreased with an increase in the dosage of superplasticizer. It was confirmed that superplasticizer hindered the formation of C-S-H leading to a relative increase in the formation of Ca(OH)₂.

지중 열교환기용 벤토나이트의 열적 물리적 특성

이진규(Jin Kyu Lee),공형진(Hyoung Jin Kong),임효재(Hyo Jae Lim) 대한설비공학회 2013 대한설비공학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2013 No.6

고로슬래그와 폴리카르본산계 유기 혼화제를 첨가한 Belite-rich Cement 모르타르 유동특성

송종택,송종택,조현태,황인수,박춘근 한국세라믹학회 2000 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.37 No.2

In order to investigate the rheological properties of belite-rich cement(BRC) added polycarbonate-based superplasticizer and blastfurnace slags which have different blaines at 4500, 6000 and 8000$\textrm{cm}^2$/g, the change of minislumps and mortar slumps are measured with time. The rheological properties improve as specific surface area of added slag decreases or amount of polycarbonate-based superplasticizer increases. The slump loss can be controlled effectively by the steric hinderance effect of polycarbonate-based superplasticizer. According to the results, when mix proportion of the mortar is 1.5% mass content of superplasticizer and 30% mass addition of blastfurnace slag which blaine is 4500$\textrm{cm}^2$/g, the best mortar slump can be achieved without any significant segregation of materials.

유동화제가 코팅된 지중열교환기용 벤토나이트의 열적 물리적 특성에 대한 실험적 연구

이진규(Jin Kyu Lee),공현진(Hyoung Jin Kong),임효재(Hyo Jae Lim),신동현(Dong Hyon Shin),박정재(Jung Jea Park) 대한설비공학회 2013 대한설비공학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2013 No.11

Modeling slump of concrete with fly ash and superplasticizer

I-Cheng Yeh 사단법인 한국계산역학회 2008 Computers and Concrete, An International Journal Vol.5 No.6

The effects of fly ash and superplasticizer (SP) on workability of concrete are quite difficult to predict because they are dependent on other concrete ingredients. Because of high complexity of the relations between workability and concrete compositions, conventional regression analysis could be not sufficient to build an accurate model. In this study, a workability model has been built using artificial neural networks (ANN). In this model, the workability is a function of the content of all concrete ingredients, including cement, fly ash, blast furnace slag, water, superplasticizer, coarse aggregate, and fine aggregate. The effects of water/binder ratio (w/b), fly ash-binder ratio (fa/b), superplasticizer-binder ratio (SP/b), and water content on slump were explored by the trained ANN. This study led to the following conclusions: (1) ANN can build a more accurate workability model than polynomial regression. (2) Although the water content and SP/b were kept constant, a change in w/b and fa/b had a distinct effect on the workability properties. (3) An increasing content of fly ash decreased the workability, while raised the slump upper limit that can be obtained.

Study of the rheological behavior of mortar with silica fume and superplasticizer admixtures according to the water film thickness

M’hamed Adjoudj,Karim Ezziane,El Hadj Kadri,Hamza Soualhi 대한토목학회 2018 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.22 No.7

In the manufacture of mortar or concrete, the mixing water fills the interstitial voids between the solid particles of cement and thevolume of the resulting paste should be more than sufficient to fill the voids between the fine and coarse aggregates. So we shouldhave enough water to cover all the fine particles and enough paste to cover all aggregates. Therefore, it can be assumed that bothWater Film Thickness (WFT) and paste film thickness have major effects on the rheology of the mortar. In this work, we try to applythis approach to understand the rheological properties of mortars containing various amount of Silica Fume (SF) with two types ofsuperplasticizer using rheometer apparatus and mini cone test. The results show that the rheological behavior is governed by waterfilm thickness and the dosage of superplasticizer. However, for high dosages water film thickness remains the only factor governingthe behavior. In addition, the mixture compactness increases significantly when adjuvanted with efficient superplasticizer.

미세립자 및 유동화제 혼입이 경량기포 콘크리트의 공학적 특성에 미치는 영향

한천구(Han Cheon-Goo),한민철(Han Min-Cheol),최성용(Choi Sung-Yong),정광복(Jung Kwang-Bok) 대한건축학회 2008 大韓建築學會論文集 : 構造系 Vol.24 No.10

This paper is to investigate experimentally the engineering properties of lightweight foamed concrete depending on dosages of superplasticizer and fine particle grains contents for improving quality and the results are summarized as following. As adding the fine grains contents (FG) to the lightweight concrete with mixed all sorts of mineral admixture, the flow decreased, and the decreased flow got pertinent flow as adding the superplasticizer. The depth of settlement, one of the volume stability standard, showed the lowest depth of settlement 4mm when mixing rate of FG was 10%, and when adding more than 15%, the depth of settlement increased rapidly. However, adding the superplasticizer, the depth of settlement decreased, and with the rate of 0.005%, it showed the shortest depth. The compressive strength of concrete except 15 and 20% of FG satisfied with KS standard, 'grade of the five', and also, the bulk density satisfied with KS standard, 'under grade of the five-0.160W/(mㆍk). Therefore with the incorporation of 10% of FG and 0.05% of superplasticizer with lightweight foamed concrete, the improvement of workability, security of volume stability, and improvement of mechanical properties of light weight foamed concrete can be achieved.

PNS계 고성능 감수제와 시멘트 수용성 알칼리양과의 상용성이 콘크리트 물성에 미치는 영향

안태호,박준희,소광호,Ahn, Tae-ho,Park, Junhui,Sho, Kwangho 한국결정성장학회 2017 한국결정성장학회지 Vol.27 No.4

PNS 감수제와 시멘트 페이스트의 유동성의 관계를 평가하기 위해 물시멘트비 35 %에 PNS의 감수제 첨가하여 세 가지 시멘트에 대해 평가하였다. 세 가지 시멘트의 화학적 성질은 XRD, XRF로 평가하고, 물시멘트비 33 %인 콘크리트에 대한 $Na_2SO_4$의 첨가 효과는 압축강도, 슬럼프, 공기 함량의 측정에 의해 평가하였다. 실험 결과는 시멘트 A 및 C에 황산나트륨 2.6 %를 첨가하면 슬럼프 손실이 개선됨을 보여 주었으며, 시멘트 E의 경우 황산나트륨 1.3 % 첨가가 효과적이었다. A polynaphthalenesulfonate (PNS) superplasticizer and its relation to the fluidity of cement paste (w/c = 0.35) has been investigated for three cements at a given dosage of PNS superplasticizer. Chemical properties of three cements were characterized with a XRD, XRF. The additive effects of $Na_2SO_4$ on the fresh concrete with w/c = 0.33 were also estimated by the measurement of compressive strength, slump, air content. The experimental results exhibited that the addition of sodium sulfate 2.6 % to the cement A and C improves slump loss. In case of cement E, the addition of sodium sulfate 1.3 % was effective.