물리치료사의 관점에서 뇌성마비 아동과 청소년을 위한 ICF-Core Set을 기반으로 한 접근법의 효과: 단일 사례 연구

김정희(Jeong-hui Kim),김태호(Tae-ho Kim) 한국전문물리치료학회 2016 한국전문물리치료학회지 Vol.23 No.1

Background: The International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health-core set (ICF-core set) for children and youth (CY) with cerebral palsy (CP) provides a useful conceptual framework and a guide for health care planning and measuring the changes brought by interventions across a multitude of dimensions from body functions to personal activities, social participation, and environmental factors for them. Objects: This single case study was reported to illustrate the use of a goal directed approach in applying the ICF-core set for CY with CP from a physical therapist perspective. Methods: An eleven year old boy with spastic CP, Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level V, and his mother participated in an evaluation of his functioning state. The intervention goal was set through an interview using the ICF-core set, Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) and Goal Attainment Scale (GAS). Physical therapy was carried out on an outpatient basis using a goal directed approach for 30 min, 1 time/week during 12 weeks and the boy’s gross motor function was assessed using the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM)-66 version (item set 2) before and after the intervention. Results: As measured by the boy’s mother, the COPM score showed a meaningful clinical change (performance=mean 3.5, satisfaction=mean 2.5) and the T-score of GAS changed 34.4 after the goal directed approach. The GMFM-66 (item set 2) score changed from 31.8 to 38.7 and evaluation using the ICF-core set displayed improvement in 6 items of activity level between before and after the intervention. Conclusion: The ICF-core set for CY with CP is useful for understanding the overall functioning of CY with this condition and provides an opportunity to share and integrate information and opinions from different disciplines. We consider it as a useful tool in the universal language for the therapy and education of CY with CP.

소송상 상계의 항변에 대한 소송상 상계의 재항변의 허부 - 대법원 2014. 6. 12. 선고 2013다95964ㅤ판결 -

김세진 ( Kim Sae Jin ) 법조협회 2016 法曹 Vol.65 No.7

소송상 상계의 항변은 통상은 일단 청구채권의 존재를 부인하고, 그 존재가 인정되더라도 변제나 시효 등에 의하여 그것이 소멸되었다는 항변을 한 후 그것이 받아들여지지 아니하는(즉, 법원이 청구채권의 존재를 인정하는) 경우를 대비하여 최후로 피고의 반대채권으로 청구채권과 대등액에서 상계한다고 주장하는 것(예비적·가정적 상계의 항변)이 보통이다. 따라서 그 상계의 항변에 포함된 상계의 의사표시는 그 항변이 공격방어방법으로서 각하되지 않고 유효할 때에만 그 사법상 효과가 발생(즉, 피고의 반대채권은 청구채권과 그 대등액에서 소멸)한다는 조건부 의사표시로 보아 실기한 방어방법 등으로 부적법해져 각하될 경우에는 그 사법상의 효과도 발생하지 않는다고 보는 것이 타당하다. 그런데 위 조건을 해제조건으로 보는 입장(해제조건설)에서는 소송상 상계 항변에 의하여 곧바로 상계의 실체법적 효과가 발생하므로 이에 대한 소송상상계의 재항변은 허용될 여지가 없다고 본다. 반면, 위 조건을 정지조건으로 보는 입장(정지조건설)에서는 소송상 상계의 항변에 의하여 곧바로 상계의 실체법적 효과가 발생하는 것이 아니므로 이에 대한 소송상 상계의 재항변이 허용될 여지가 있는바, 소송상 상계의 재항변은 소송상 상계의 항변에 제공된 반대채권의 존재를 다투면서 법원이 소송상 상계의 항변이 성립한다고 판단한 때에는 청구채권과 별개의 채권으로 피고의 반대채권과 상계한다는 취지이므로 법원이 소송상 상계의 항변이 성립한다고 판단하는 때에는 동시에 소송상 상계의 재항변에 관하여도 판단하지 않으면 안 되지만 그것을 허용할 경우 소송절차가 번잡하게 된다는 소송정책적인 이유 때문에 이를 허용하지 않는다. 일본의 최고재판소 판례는 후자의 입장을 따랐음에 비하여, 대상판결은 그와 결론을 같이하면서도 그 이론구성은 달리하고 있다. 그런데 대상판결이 전반부에서 ‘소송상 방어방법으로서의 상계항변은 통상 그 수동채권의 존재가 확정되는 것을 전제로 하여 행하여지는 일종의 예비적 항변으로서 소송상 상계의 의사표시에 의해 확정적으로 그 효과가 발생하는 것이 아니라 당해 소송에서 수동채권의 존재 등 상계에 관한법원의 실질적 판단이 이루어지는 경우에 비로소 실체법상 상계의 효과가 발생한다.’고판시한 것으로 보아 정지조건설의 입장을 취하는 것으로 이해된다. 그렇다면 소송상상계의 항변에 대한 소송상 상계의 재항변이 허용될 여지가 있고, 그 경우 소송상 상계의 재항변에 관하여도 판단하지 않으면 안 된다(다만, 어느 상계를 먼저 판단할 것인가를 정할 수 없을 뿐이다). 그럼에도 불구하고 대상판결이 후반부에서 ‘피고의 소송상 상계항변이 이유 있다고 판단하는 경우에는 원고의 청구채권인 수동채권과 피고의 자동채권이 상계적상 당시에 대등액에서 소멸한 것으로 보게 될 것이므로 원고가 소송상 상계의 재항변으로써 상계할 대상인 피고의 자동채권이 그 범위에서 존재하지 아니하는 것이 되어 이때에도 역시 원고의 소송상 상계의 재항변에 관하여 판단할 필요가 없게 된다.’고 판시한 것은 소송상 상계의 항변에 대한 판단이 소송상 상계의 재항변에 대한 판단에 앞선다는 것을 전제로 한 것이다. 그러나 그렇게 되면 소송상 상계의 재항변은 항상 무의한 것이 되어 그 취지에 어긋난다. 따라서 정지조건설을 따를 경우에는 소송상 상계에 대한 소송상 상계의 재항변은 실체법적으로는 허용될 여지가 있으나 이를 허용할 경우 소송절차의 번잡을 초래하기 때문에 허용되지 않는다고 이론구성을 하는 것이 타당하다고 본다. In general, the legal plea of set-off denies the existence of a debt claim and even if its existence is acknowledged, it is normal to claim (plea of preliminary and hypothetical set-off) that the debt claim and the amount equivalent is set off by the opposing claim by the defendant in response to the case where it is not accepted (in other words, the court acknowledges the existence of a debt claim). Therefore, it is appropriate to deem that no legal effect occurs if the intent to set off the plea is considered as a conditional intent that its legal effect only occurs when it is valid and not denied as a defense against attack (in other words, the defendant``s opposing claim is set off by the equivalent amount). However, from the perspective that the above condition is a condition subsequent (Theory of Condition Subsequent), the actual legal effect occurs immediately by a plea of set-off and therefore, it is deemed that the re-plea against the set-off is not permissible. On the other hand, from the perspective that the above condition is a condition precedent (Theory of Condition Precedent), as the actual legal effect does not occur immediately by the plea of set-off it is permissible to re-plea. In consequence, the re-plea of set-off is fighting for the existence of an opposing claim provided by legal set-off and if the court decides that the plea of set-off is constitutional, a debt claim is separate and set off against the opposing claim. If the court decides that the plea of set-off is constitutional, at the same time, it needs to decide on the re-plea of set-off. However, it is not permitted because the legal procedure could otherwise be too complex. The supreme court of Japan agrees with the latter case. On the other hand the decision of the Korean supreme court has the same conclusion but theoretical composition differs. However, the first part of the decision is a sort of preliminary plea with the premise that ``the existence of passive claim is confirmed as a method of legal defense and its effect does not occur by the intent on the plea but it occurs only when an actual decision is made by the court on the set off`` and it is understood that it agrees with the Theory of Condition Precedent. Then, it is permissible to re-plea of set-off against the plea of set-off and in this case, it is necessary to decide on the re-plea of set-off (except for the fact that one cannot decide which set-off needs to be decided). Nevertheless, if the later part of the decision states that it is justified for the defendant to plea of the set-off and the plaintiff``s debt claim which is setoff claim and the defendant``s counterbalancing claim is deemed to be set off and the counterbalancing claim of the defendant is not within the scope and in this case, it is not necessary to decide on the legal re-plea of the defendant``s set-off with the premise that the decision on the legal plea of set-off supersedes the decision on the legal re-plea. However, if that is the case, the re-plea of set-off becomes meaningless and goes against its purpose. In consequence, when agreeing with the Theory of Condition Precedent, the re-plea of set-off can be permitted under actual laws but it is appropriate to form a theory that it is not permitted because it can make legal procedure too complex.

Empirical Comparisons of Analytic Strategies for MIMIC DIF Analysis: A Potential Solution for Biased Anchor Set

이재훈 한국심리학회 2011 한국심리학회지 일반 Vol.30 No.4

The purpose of this Monte Carlo study was to evaluate the performance of the multiple indicators and multiple causes (MIMIC) confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) for detecting differential item functioning (DIF). Specifically, this study compared different application strategies including two conventional testing approaches (forward-inclusion, backward-elimination) and five test statistic values (uncorrected or Bonferroni-corrected LR, △CFI of 0.01 or 0.002, △SRMR of 0.005) across conditions of different item type, test length, sample size, impact, and DIF type and DIF size in a target item and an anchor set. In addition, the author proposed an alternative testing approach (effects-coded backward-elimination) as a potential solution for arbitrary choice of a DIF-free anchor set. Simulation results indicated that when an anchor set was truly biased, only the proposed approach performed adequately under several conditions. False positive rates were controlled at the nominal alpha level (with Bonferroni-corrected LR) or slightly inflated (with uncorrected LR) as the DIF contamination rate in a scale decreased.

컴퓨터연산을 통한 언어형 퍼지 제어 시스템의 새로운 안정도 해석

김은태,Kim, Eun-Tai 대한전자공학회 2002 電子工學會論文誌-SC (System and control) Vol.39 No.5

본 논문에서는 컴퓨터 연산을 통한 언어형 퍼지 제어 시스템의 안정도를 해석하는 새로운 방법을 제안한다. 제안하는 방법은 최근 각광을 받고 있는 선형행렬부등식을 이용한 방법이다. 기존의 수치적 방법과 비교할 때 본 논문에서 제안되는 방식의 특징은 좀더 완화된 방식으로 안정화 문제뿐 아니라 고정점 레귤레이션 문제에도 적용될 수 있는 특징을 가지고 있다. 끝으로 컴퓨터 모의 실험을 통하여 제안한 방법의 타당성을 확인한다. In this paper, a novel computational approach for the stability analysis of the linguistic fuzzy system is proposed. The suggested analysis method is easily implemented by the recently spotlighted convex optimization techniques called Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMI). Compared with the previous works, the new method proposed herein is more relaxed and is applicable to not only the stabilization problem but also to the set-point regulation problem. Finally, the applicability of the suggested methodology is highlighted via computer simulations.

프로그램의 논리주도적 평가준거체제 개념모형에 관한 고찰; 청소년활동 프로그램을 중심으로

임지연 한국청소년학회 2007 청소년학연구 Vol.14 No.1

This study aims to investigate a conceptual framework of theory-driven evaluative criteria set for the program which is validated from theoretical points of view. Specifically, this study tries to answer the following questions. How should we develop appropriate categories and subsequent items for youth activity program evaluation? As a theoretical validation process, conceptual framework for evaluation is developed based upon the program theory. In order to construct evaluative criteria set, matrix is also developed. The construction of theory-driven evaluative criteria set is an on-going process and this study hopefully contributes to this process by adopting theoretical framework for not only youth activity programs but any other programs evaluation. This study recognizes the importance of representation of various perspectives from major stakeholders in youth program evaluation when applying evaluative criteria set. Finally, this study emphasizes that conceptual framework of the criteria set developed here is very comprehensive in its scope, which means that people in youth programs or evaluation study could use the items with high level of flexibility depending upon their specific contexts as well as interests. 이 연구의 목적은 이론적으로 타당화된 논리주도적 평가준거체제를 개발하기 위한 개념 틀을 제시하는 것이다. 연구목적을 달성하기 위한 연구문제는 프로그램의 논리주도적 평가준거체제의 영역은 어떻게 구성되어야 하는 가를 청소년활동 프로그램에 적용하여 이론적 개념 틀로 알아보는 것이다. 평가준거체제 개념모형 고찰을 위한 이론적 타당화 과정으로서 프로그램논리를 적용한 이론적 개념모형을 구안하고 평가준거체제 개발을 위한 메트릭스를 작성하였다. 이 개념모형과 메트릭스를 활용하여 논리주도적 평가준거체제의 영역설정을 위한 이론적 근거를 제시하였다. 따라서 이 연구는 평가대상 프로그램의 논리를 파악하여 맞춤평가를 위한 이론적 근거를 제공하는 평가준거체제의 개념 틀을 개발하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다. 또한 평가준거체제를 활용하는데 있어서는 프로그램의 특성, 평가목적에 따라 평가핵심관련자의 다양한 관점을 반영하여 필요한 준거를 융통성 있게 선별하여 활용할 수 있도록 개발된 종합적인 평가준거체제의 개념모형이라는 점에서 의의가 있다.

지역간 협력발전 정책의 비판적 검토와 새 정부 정책의 과제

김현호(Kim, Hyeon-Ho) 한국지역개발학회 2013 韓國地域開發學會誌 Vol.25 No.4

The cooperative regional development policy is one of the key concepts recently rising in the field of alternative regional development, especially due to the financial shortage of local and central governments. This paper aims to examine how to prepare the regional cooperative development policy of Park Geun-Hye"s administration. For this purpose, this paper first reviews the theoretical background of cooperative regional development mainly focusing on the extraction of policy implications. Next, this paper examines the cooperative regional development policy of the previous administrations in the aspects of the performances and limitations of the policy with regard to institution setting and implementation of the policy. Lastly, based on the aforementioned review and analysis of the previous policy implementation, this paper proposes new directions and implementation tasks of the cooperative regional development policy for Park Geun-Hye"s administration, which is focused on the sector, actor, contents and place-integrated approach.

Teenagers Consumption Within the Moderating Role of Saudis Habit Through Fuzzy Set Approach

Maher Toukabri International Journal of Computer ScienceNetwork S 2024 International journal of computer science and netw Vol.24 No.3

The healthy products dedicated for young people are qualified as a solution to protect the future generation, especially that most commercial deals do not consider the consumer's health and environment. Therefore, it is crucial to define the antecedent of healthy purchases and to examine their impact on teenagers. This research aims to explore the antecedents and the consequences of the consumption of Saudis teenagers. Therefore, we develop a research model in the conceptual framework and the hypotheses to test. The empirical analysis required two samples from Saudis youth consumers. The first sample was utilized in the exploratory study with SPSS software. Then, the second was employed to the confirmatory part with the Amos software, as well as the validation of the hypotheses, and model with Fuzzy Set approach. The findings of this study have significant insights into the Saudi consumption and implications for both practitioners and researchers. Then, we have particularly strenuous on intention purchase antecedents of organic foods, and their consume habit moderation.

Reliable Localization for Wireless Sensor Networks in Complex Environments

Xiaolei Liu,Yongji Ren,Xuguang Xin,Liping Zhang,Jixiang Chen 보안공학연구지원센터 2014 International Journal of Control and Automation Vol.7 No.10

Although localization has been widely studied for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), the complex environments and the large network scale pose severe challenges and make it necessary to develop new reliable localization algorithms. In this paper, we propose a novel Multi-Hop Localization Algorithm for large-scale WSNs in complex environments. This work is based on the consideration that the localization process would encounter several kinds of adverse factors with different nature at the same time (e.g. anisotropic network characteristics, ranging uncertainty, link quality of multihop paths, etc.), which lead to obvious degradation of localization performance. Unlike most of the existing schemes, we transform the localization problem in complex environments into a hybrid constraint satisfaction problem (CSP) which is composed of three different kinds of constraints, i.e. spatial constraint, network situation constraint, and confidence constraint. Set-membership approach and interval analysis method have been utilized to deal with the CSP and determine the positions of sensor nodes. Simulation results show that our scheme is an effective and efficient approach to localization in large-scale WSNs.

에너지헌장조약(ECT)의 잠정적용과 국제투자협정중재에의 동의

임아영(Lim Ayong) 법무부 국제법무정책과 2016 통상법률 Vol.- No.129

On April 20th 2016, The Hague District Court rendered a set-aside judgment of the investment treaty arbitral awards between Yukos Universal Limited, Hulley Enterprises, Veteran Petroleum Limited—shareholders of Yukos Oil Corporation OJSC—and the Russian Federation. The main reason of the set-aside was that Article 26 of the Energy Charter Treaty, which provides the basis of consent for investment treaty arbitration, cannot be provisionally applied vis-a-vis Russia. The Russian Federation had signed the Energy Charter Treaty on December 17th 1994, but had not ratified it until it eventually notified Portugal, the Depository State of the treaty, that Russia no longer intended to maintain a Signatory status to the Energy Charter Treaty. Thus, the Energy Charter Treaty had never formally entered into force in Russia. The key issue is whether Article 26 of the Energy Charter Treaty can be interpreted as to provisionally apply when Russia has signed, but has not ratified the treaty in question. The Hague District Court—unlike the Arbitral Tribunal in the Yukos Arbitration—was of the view that the ‘Piecemeal approach’ could be taken with respect to the Energy Charter Treaty, and that because the provisional application of Energy Charter Treaty Article 26 is incompatible with Russian domestic law, the provision cannot be provisionally applied in accordance with Article 45(1) of the Energy Charter Treaty; hence, the arbitral award must be set-aside since there is no valid consent to arbitration. This article will provide a critical analysis of The Hague District Court’s set-aside judgment of the Yukos arbitral award, and raises several questions of the Court’s rationale based on the following observations. The Piecemeal approach taken by the Court is compatible with the literal interpretation of the Energy Charter Treaty and discussions on the provisional application of treaties. On the issue of compatibility between Article 26 of the Energy Charter Treaty and Russian domestic law, questions can be raised as to (1) the categorization of investor-State disputes as public law disputes under domestic law; and (2) the broad range of ‘domestic law’ as interpreted and applied by the Court. As the implications of the Yukos set-aside judgment is expected to affect not only the pending enforcement proceedings of Yukos arbitral awards worldwide, but also subsequent investment dispute settlement cases under the Energy Charter Treaty, it is yet to be seen whether the appellate courts will put forth a decision properly addressing the tension between the provisional application of treaties and the ratification procedures under domestic law, as well as restoring the balance between the investor and the State.

한국어 명사의 지식기반 의미중의성 해소를 위한 효과적인 품사집합

곽철헌(Chul-Heon Kwak),서영훈(Young-Hoon Seo),이충희(Chung-Hee Lee) 한국콘텐츠학회 2016 한국콘텐츠학회논문지 Vol.16 No.4

본 논문에서는 지식기반 기법에서 한국어 명사의 의미중의성 해소에 유용한 품사집합을 제시한다. 세종형태의미분석 말뭉치에서 174,000 문장을 추출하여 테스트 셋으로 이용하고, 표준국어대사전의 뜻풀이와 용례를 이용하여 각 문장의 의미중의성을 해소하였다. 그 결과 전체 테스트 셋의 성능을 가장 좋게하는 15개의 품사집합과 단어별 평균을 가장 높게 하는 17 개의 품사집합이 제시되었다. 실험결과 45 개의 전체 품사집합을 이용하는 것보다 정확도가 최대 12%까지 향상되었다. This paper presents the part-of-speech set which is highly efficient at knowledge-based word sense disambiguation for Korean nouns. 174,000 sentences extracted for test set from Sejong semantic tagged corpus whose sense is based on Standard korean dictionary. We disambiguate selected nouns in test set using glosses and examples in Standard Korean dictionary. 15 part-of-speeches which give the best performance for all test set and 17 part-of-speeches which give the best performance for accuracy average of selected nouns are selected. We obtain 12% more performance by those part-of-speech sets than by full 45 part-of-speech set.