지능형 교통체계의 구축을 위한 교통관련 법제도의 개선 방안

송호신 ( Ho-shin Song ) 한국법정책학회 2021 법과 정책연구 Vol.21 No.3

오늘날 자율주행자동차와 미래형 도시철도 그리고 자율운항선박 및 드론 등 각종 지능화된 교통수단들이 개발되고 있다. 또한 쌍방향 정보교환인 V2XㆍIT정보통신을 통해 종합적인 교통정보망을 연결하고, 빅데이타ㆍIoTㆍ클라우드ㆍ인공 지능에 기반을 둔 자율제어가 이루어지는 C-ITS가 구축되어 가고 있다. 이는 IT 정보통신 신기술의 발전과 인공지능의 등장에 따라 나타난 교통체계의 새로운 변화이다. 자율주행자동차는 지능형 교통수단의 대표적 예이지만, 이밖에 버스와 전철을 연계하는 교통카드, 하이패스(Hi-Pass), 버스도착 알림 어플리케이션 등도 ITS 덕분이다. 드론과 같은 새로운 유형의 자율비행장치도 실생활에 널리 이용되고 있다. 또한 자율운항선박와 스마트 항구 등도 점차 우리 사회에 현실화되고 있다. 이러한 교통체계의 지능화는 IT정보통신과 인공지능 등 과학기술의 발전에 힘입어 가능하게 되었지만, ITS의 제도화를 위해서는 관련 교통법령 체계의 뒷받침이 필수적으로 따라야 한다. 즉 정부도 ITS 기본계획을 수립하고 ITS 연구개발과 설계 및 추진을 위한 조직구성 등에 많은 자금을 투자하고 노력을 아끼지 않고 있다. 그와 함께 교통체계의 지능화를 뒷받침할 수 있는 ITS 관련 교통법령의 제정ㆍ개정과 인접 타 법령들에 대한 법정비를 이루어가고 있다. 현재 지능형 교통체계를 지원하기 위한 대표적 법률로는 「국가통합교통체계효율화법」을 들 수 있다. 또한 자율주행자동차와 간선급행버스 및 드론 등 지능형 교통수단의 개발과 함께 개별 교통법령들이 속속 입법화되고 있다. 이러한 법령들은 주로 지능형 교통수단이나 교통시스템에 대한 지원법의 체계로 구성되어 있다. 그러나 교통법의 주요 목적은 교통안전에 있으므로 지원과 더불어 교통안전을 위한 규제법의 마련도 시급하다. ITS교통 관련 법령들에 보완되어야 할 내용들로 교통수단ㆍ시스템의 시험ㆍ검증과 보안 등을 들 수 있다. ITS 구축에는 민사ㆍ형사 등의 문제 즉 법령 위반에 대한 형사책임ㆍ과태료 그리고 교통사고가 발생할 때에 누구의 책임으로 할 것이며 손해배상을 어떻게 할 것인지에 대한 근거를 마련하는 일도 법적 과제이다. 또한 지능형 교통수단ㆍ체계와 관련하여 기존의 여러 교통법령들도 정비되고 있으나, 여전히 미비하거나 충돌ㆍ상충되는 내용들이 있어 이에 대한 개정ㆍ보완이 이루어져야 한다. 이와 함께 개인정보의 보호나 보안 등 교통체계의 지능화에 관련된 인접 법령들의 경우에도 지속적으로 정비되어야 한다. Today, various intelligent transportation means such as autonomous vehicles, futuristic urban railways, autonomous ships and drones are being developed. And the Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems(C-ITS) is establishing that connects comprehensive traffic information networks through V2X and IT information communication, a two-way information exchange, and performs autonomous control based on Big Bata, IoT, Cloud, AI. This is a new change in the transportation system due to the development of IT information and communication technologies and the advent of artificial intelligence. Autonomous Cars are a representative example of intelligent transportation, but other transportation cards that link buses and trains, Hi-Pass, and bus arrival notification applications are also thanks to ITS. New types of autonomous flying devices such as drones are also widely used in real life. In addition, autonomous ships and smart ports are gradually becoming a reality in our society. This intelligence of the transportation system has been made possible thanks to the development of science and technology such as IT information communication and artificial intelligence, but the support of the relevant transportation legislation system must be followed to institutionalize ITS. At the same time, the enactment and revision of ITS-related traffic laws that can support the intelligentization of the transport system and legal expenses for other adjacent laws are being made. Currently, the representative law to support the intelligent transportation system is the National Integrated Transportation System Efficiency Act. In addition, with the development of intelligent transportation means such as autonomous vehicles, BRT, and drones, individual traffic laws are being enacted one after another. These laws are mainly composed of a system of support laws for intelligent transportation means or transportation systems. However, since the main purpose of the traffic law is traffic safety, it is urgent to prepare a regulatory law for traffic safety as well as support. Tests and verifications of transportation means and systems, and security and certification are the contents that should be supplemented with ITS transportation related laws and regulations. In the establishment of the ITS Act, it is also a legal task to establish the basis for civil and criminal matters such as criminal liability and fines for violations of laws and regulations, who is responsible for traffic accidents, and how to compensate for damages. In addition, various existing traffic laws and regulations related to intelligent transportation means and systems are being revised, but there are still incomplete, conflicting, or conflicting contents, which must be revised and supplemented. At the same time, adjacent laws and regulations related to the intelligentization of transportation systems such as protection of personal information, security and authentication should be continuously revised.

Real Time Traffic Control System Using Wavelet Neural Networks Signal for Wireless Communication Technology of Future High Speed Railways Performance in Thailand with Intelligent Transportation Systems

Prapaipan Salitula,Chamni Jaipradidtham 제어로봇시스템학회 2017 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2017 No.10

This paper presents a real time traffic control system strategy by applying Wavelet Neural Networks (WNN) transform signal processing for wireless communication technologies of future high speed railways performance in Bangkok, Thailand with intelligent transportation systems. Innovations to address challenges emanating from railway transportation traffic system congestion. For Improving economies create more railways owners resulting in increased automobile manufacturing. Commuting time negatively impacts working hours. The economy will take a beating creating a vicious ecology cycle. But also a fast transportation alternative to air travel or regular passenger rail services. Providing these benefits would not be possible without the tremendous growth and prevalence for using wireless communication technologies. The wavelet transform has been successfully applied in many signal processing. The technique is based by using the absolute sum value of coefficients in multi resolution signal decomposition based on the discrete wavelet transform signal for data driven intelligent transportation systems. This survey provides an overview of the current state-of-the-art and future trends for wireless technologies aiming to realize the concept of High Speed Railway (HSR) communication services [1]. Our goal is to highlight the challenges for these technologies, including GSM-R, Wi-Fi, WIMAX, LTE-R, RoF, LCX & Cognitive Radio, the offered solutions, their performance, and other related issues. This paper studies these models to infer that with traffic railways signal control systems are supported. Simulation results of control system provided traffic information for course correction. It is proposed to integrate traffic system data with the traffic signal. However, with the advances in communication systems, such as LTE, 4G and cognitive radios, it is becoming possible for system designers to offer rich services to passengers while also providing support for enhanced train control operations such as positive train control.

철도의 형성과 발전이 중국동북지역의 공간구조에 미친 영향에 관한 연구(1898-1945) - 식민지 교통지리학 모형과 동청철도남지선 연선지역 비교를 중심으로 -

노경민(Lho, Kyung-Min) 대한건축학회 2021 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.37 No.1

This study examines the expansion of the railway transportation system according to the formation and changes of the operating organization of Chinese Eastern Railway Southern Line, the influence of railway on the spatial structure of Northeast China by comparing the features with the Colonial Transportation Geography Model. The railway center was moved to Harbin, Dalian, Fengtian according to the changes of the operating organization, and the stronghold became the center for performing railway policies and urban planning in Northeast China. Railway zones were established along the railway, similar to foreign concessions. Political, economic, and transportation centers were reorganized around the railway hub center, which led to the concentration of urban development among other cities. As a result of comparing the Rimmer model(1977) and Northeast China, the commonality are the followings; the existing transportation system were formed around the coastal, along the river, and land road built by empire before colonization. In the early stage of colonization, the modern transportation system was built by connecting the port to the inland city by railway. In the advanced stage of colonization, the administration centers were transferred by the intention of the colonial authorities. The difference are the followings; first, the permanent western base was the port city in the Rimmer model, but in Northeast China there were two permanent bases: one inland city and one port city, Harbin and Dalian. Secondly, in the model the permanent base becomes the new capital, however in Northeast China, the inland city along the railway became the new capital due to political and geographical reasons. Finally, in the model, the importance of the existing ceremonial city inclines through in the colonial process, while in Northeast China, ceremonial cities develop by transforming into a new functional city, such as an industrial city.

鐵道安全시스템 改善과 人的誤謬減縮을 위한 實證的硏究

송병대,박광진,이병석,방명석 대한안전경영과학회 2018 대한안전경영과학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2018 No.04

철도교통은 기술적, 사회적, 문화적 환경의 변화 및 고속철도의 확장과 철도 구조개혁 등으로 현장에서의 인적요인으로 인한 오류가 증가로 안전을 위협하는 요소가 날로 증가하는 추세로 안전신뢰성 확보는 절대적이다. 따라서 인적오류를 근절하기 위한 안전시스템의 적정성 및 신뢰도에 대한 분석과 해외 선진철도의 안전정책 및 안전시스템의 변화와 발전 추세를 분석하여 국내 철도안전의 방향을 제시하고자 한다. The railway transportation is trending toward increase in factors threatening safety, due to raising human error caused by technical or social or cultural environmental changes and expansion of rapid transit railways and structure reform of railway, etc. Therefore, to guarantee of right to life of people and to retain trust in safety is absolute. This thesis suggests the way of railway safety by examining adequacy of safety system and analysis of trust, trend in improvement and variety of safety policies and safety system in developed countries, deducts factors of mainly human error and provides the way to improve theoretical human error through analysis of statistics, research and actual inspection connected domestic safety system.

Future of Railways - in Open Systems?

Macheret, Dmitry A. The Korean Society for Railway 2012 International Journal of Railway Vol.5 No.4

The article suggests criteria of dividing transport systems into systems of limited and open access. Possibilities of implementing principles of the open access in conjunction with the adaptive control at the railway transport have been analyzed. The author makes a grounded conclusion that the development of transport systems based on the open access and adaptive control can play a positive role in overcoming the global instability of the economy and form prerequisites of its stable grows.

고도성장기 일본국철의 철도투자와 시장경쟁

임채성 한일경상학회 2010 韓日經商論集 Vol.47 No.-

The purpose of this article is to make it clear why JNR lost competitiveness and fell in management crisis during high-growth period, though JNR was in the state of the excess demand in a traffic market. JNR faced occurrence of enormous transport demand the high-growth period. To cope with this situation, two transportation capacity reinforcement five-year plans were executed, but targets of plans couldn't be achieved. JNR tried to make lack of transportation capacity up by maximizing ‘Japanese railroad operation system’. Transportation demand of high economic growth was satisfied by this system until 1950’s. However, this system led to reinforcement of the labor strength and made the resistance of labor union to management rationalization. At last, qualitative decline of transportation service and loss of the market share were inevitable in 1960’s.

산악철도의 입지(立地) 및 건설 관련 법제도에 대한 탐색적 연구

윤장호,노학래,서승일 한국산학기술학회 2023 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.24 No.12

Korea is developing a new public transportation system, the mountain railway. Mountain railways can operate on steep slopes and high-gradient tracks. They can also operate in areas with considerable ice and snow. Therefore, they are suitable for Korea, which has considerable mountainous terrain. The mountain railway is a new means of public transportation that has never existed before. The diffusion of mountain railways as a new technology requires the support of appropriate laws and social systems. Unfortunately, it is difficult to find research on the legal system related to mountain railways. This study analyzed the laws applicable to the location and construction of mountain railways. Specifically, the Tramway Transportation Act, Road Traffic Act, Forestry-Related Act, Environmental Impact Assessment Act, and Natural Disaster Countermeasures Act were analyzed.

경전철용 추진제어장치 국산화 개발

유병영(Byeong-Young Yu),정은성(Eun-Sung Chung),박영호(Yeong-Ho Park),한정수(Jung-Su Han) 한국철도학회 2017 한국철도학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2017 No.05

철도차량은 크게 고속철도, 기관차, 중전철, 경전철으로 나눌 수 있다. 경전철은 국내 및 해외에서 새로운 대중교통수단으로 부상하고 있다. 경전철의 범주에는 소형전철,·모노레일,·궤도버스,·자기부상열차 등이 포함된다. 경전철은 주로 도시구간의 교통편 해소와 친환경적인 에너지를 사용한다는 점이 장점이다. 경전철은 도시구간 및 짧은 구간에 유용하게 운영되며, 무인자동운전 시스템 사용이 보편화 되어 있다. 본 논문에서는 소형전철에 해당하는 철체차륜형 경전철의 국산화 개발 및 적용 사례를 통한 추진제어장치의 시험데이터를 설명한다. Railway vehicles can be divided into high-speed railway, locomotive, heavy and light railway. Among these, light railway is attracting public transportation in the city. Light railway system includes tram, monorails, trolley buses, and magnetic levitation trains. Light railway is mainly used in urban areas and short sections, and unmanned automatic operation system is widely used. This paper describes the development and application of the localized light railway of steel wheel type.

우리나라 철도운송인의 책임체계에 관한 연구

송채헌 ( Chae Hun Song ) 한국물류학회 2011 물류학회지 Vol.21 No.1

대한민국은 반도국가임에도 불구하고 철도를 통한 국제복합운송을 실현하지 못하고 있다. 이처럼 철도를 통한 국제운송이 불가능하기 때문에 향후 철도운송을 통한 국제복합운송이 가능할 때에 대비되어 있지 않다. 본 연구는 국제규칙에서의 철도운송인의 책임체계와 우리나라 법률에서의 철도운송인의 책임체계를 비교, 분석하여 문제점을 도출하고 개선방향을 제시하였다. 책임체계는 일부 CIM과 일치하는 내용도 있으나 상당 부분이 상충하여 우리나라 철도를 이용하여 국제복합운송을 실현될 때에는 많은 문제점이 발생될 수밖에 없다. 따라서 CIM의 내용과 일치하도록 법률을 개정하고, 제정하는 것이 시급한 실정이다. 양 법률을 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 3가지의 내용를 제안하고자 한다. 첫째, 우리나라 상법의 개정이다. 상법의 내용에 해상운송인의 책임뿐만 아니라 철도운송인을 포함한 다른 운송에 관해서도 규정되어야 한다. 둘째, 철도사업법의 개정이나 새로운 육상운송인법이 제정되어야 한다. 셋째, 상기 두 법률의 개정이 어렵다면 우선 약관을 개정하여 국제규칙과 조화를 이루는 것이 바람직하다. This study aims to compare and annalize the liability of railway transporter between the Korean laws and the international rules in order to understand the problematic aspects and to present the possible improvement of Korean law. The present Korean law conflicts with CIM in some important aspects resulting in various obstacles on the process of operating international combined transportation. Therefore it is urgent to revise the present Korean laws which accord with CIM. The author proposes the following three suggestions as a conclusion. First, the Korean Commercial Law is required to be revised in order to cover the liabilities of the broader areas of transporter including marine transporter. Second, it is necessary to revise the present Korean Railway Law and establish a new ground transporter law. Third, in case the mentioned revision is not possible, the related provisions of Korean railway transporter law is required to be revised in order to accord with the international rules.

Future of Railways - in Open Systems?

Dmitry A. Macheret 한국철도학회 2012 International Journal of Railway Vol.5 No.4

The article suggests criteria of dividing transport systems into systems of limited and open access. Possibilities of implementing principles of the open access in conjunction with the adaptive control at the railway transport have been analyzed. The author makes a grounded conclusion that the development of transport systems based on the open access and adaptive control can play a positive role in overcoming the global instability of the economy and form prerequisites of its stable grows.