Catalytic pyrolysis of waste oil into hydrocarbon fuel utilizing cerium oxide catalyst

Mohamad Arsyad Abdul Khalid,Nurhayati Abdullah,Mohamad Nasir Mohamad Ibrahim,Rahmad Mohd Taib,Salmiah Jamal Mat Rosid,Nurasmat Mohd Shukri,NoorFatimah Yahaya,Wan Nazwanie Binti Wan Abdullah 한국화학공학회 2022 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.39 No.6

The depletion of fossil fuels has prompted research into alternative fuels made from regeneration of wastematerials. Pyrolysis is a method of converting waste oil into valuable products, such as char, gas, and fuel. This studypresents the catalytic pyrolysis of waste oil for producing fuel utilizing cerium oxide, CeO2/Al2O3 and zinc oxide, ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst. The catalyst and oil were characterized using several characterization techniques to find the physicochemicalproperties of the catalyst and oil. The optimum condition for catalytic pyrolysis was a reaction temperature at500 oC, with the heating rate at 10 oC/min, utilizing CeO2/Al2O3 catalyst calcined at 700 oC. The catalytic pyrolysis successfullyconverted the waste oil into fuel and the oil product obtained was 93.01 wt% with a high calorific value(54.2MJ/kg). The pyrolysis oil is comprised of aliphatic hydrocarbon (C5-C15 hydrocarbon) that is within the hydrocarbonrange for gasoline and diesel. The oil product was also detected to have a low content of oxygen (3.07 wt%) andsulfur (0.60wt%), indicating its potential to serve as a cleaner, fuel reducing the sulfur dioxide, SOX formation. Theresults reveal that pyrolysis reactors have the ability to convert waste oil into hydrocarbon fuel.

급속 열분해 바이오 오일의 활용 및 품질기준

박조용,도진우 한국수소및신에너지학회 2020 한국수소 및 신에너지학회논문집 Vol.31 No.2

Fast pyrolysis is one of the most promising technologies for converting biomass to liquid fuels. Pyrolysis bio-oil can replace petroleum-based fuels used in various thermal conversion devices. However, pyrolysis bio-oil is completely different from petroleum fuels. Therefore, in order to successfully use pyrolysis bio-oil, it is necessary to understand the fuel characteristics of pyrolysis bio-oil. This paper focuses on fuel characteristics and upgrading methods of pyrolysis bio-oil and discusses how these fuel characteristics can be applied to the use of pyrolysis bio-oils. In addition, the fuel quality standards of fast pyrolysis bio-oil were examined.

대용량 보일러의 냉간기동용 액체 연료에 대한 연소 반응성 평가

이장호,박호영 한국수소및신에너지학회 2022 한국수소 및 신에너지학회논문집 Vol.33 No.1

The experimental work has been carried out for the study of pyrolysis of oil samples used in industrial and utility boilers in Korea. For five oil samples, the characteristics of pyrolysis have been investigated with a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), and their kinetic parameters were obtained and compared each other. The rate order of pyrolysis rate for five oils were as follows: by-product fuel oil, pyrolysis oil, diesel, a heavy oil and refined oil. The pyrolysis of refined oil has been successfully described by the three step, first order reaction model while the single step reaction model has been used for other oils. For the reaction temperature over 550 K, the reactivity of refined oil was very poor compared with other oils.

이중분사기가 장착된 디젤 엔진에서 목질계 열분해유의 적용 가능성에 관한 연구

이석환(Seokhwan Lee),장영운(Youngwoon Jang),김태영(Taeyoung Kim),우세종(Sejong Woo),강건용(Kernyong Kang) 한국자동차공학회 2012 한국자동차공학회 학술대회 및 전시회 Vol.2012 No.11

The vast stores of biomass available in the worldwide have the potential to displace significant amounts of fuels that are currently derived from petroleum sources. Fast pyrolysis of biomass is one of possible paths by which we can convert biomass to higher value products. The wood pyrolysis oil (WPO) have been regarded as an alternative fuel for petroleum fuels to be used in diesel engine. However, the use of WPO in a diesel engine requires modifications due to low energy density, high water contents, low acidity, and high viscosity of the WPO. One possible method by which the shortcomings may be circumvented is to cofire WPO with other petroleum fuels. WPO has poor miscibility with light petroleum fuel oils, the most suitable candidates fuels for direct fuel mixing are methanol or ethanol. Early mixing with methanol or ethanol has the added benefit of significantly improving the storage and handling properties of the pyrolysis oil. For separate injection cofiring, conventional diesel fuels can be fired together with WPO-ethanol blended fuels in a dual-injection diesel engine. In this study, performance and emission characteristics of a dual-injection diesel engine were examined. Results showed that although stable engine operation was possible with dual-fuel combustion, the fuel conversion efficiency was slightly decreased due to high water contents of pyrolysis oil. Regarding to exhaust emissions, NOx and soot emissions were significantly decreased.

Influence of high thermal treatment on aromatic portion of pyrolysis fuel oil-derived isotropic pitches

신혜경,박수진 한국공업화학회 2015 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2015 No.0

Pyrolysis fuel oil (PFO) was initially pretreated by oxidation and then treated at 360°C for various lengths of time. The influence of heat treatment time on the preparation of PFO-derived pitches was analyzed by FT-IR, NMR, electrical resistivity, and carbon yield. FT-IR spectra demonstrated that the intensities of the aromatic C-H bonds at 1600 and 3042 cm-1 of the PFO-derived pitches significantly increased and the intensity of the stretching vibration of the C-H bond at 2910 cm-1 decreased with an increase in heat treatment time. NMR analysis demonstrated that the intensity of the aromatic portion (7-11 ppm) of the PFO-derived pitches increased with an increase in heat treatment time. The increase of the aromatic portion in the PFO-derived pitches caused the electrical resistivity to decrease and the carbon yield to increase.

A study on CoMo/HZSM-5 for synthesis of C₁₀-C₁₃ aromatics from pyrolysis fuel oil

구희지,이강원,김규리,전종기 한국공업화학회 2020 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2020 No.-

석유 자원 고갈에 따라 pyrolysis fuel oil (PFO)와 같은 열분해공정 잔사유의 고부가화가 요구되고 있다. PFO를 구성하는 polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) 는 다중구조 복잡성을 갖고 있어 대부분 공정 연료로 사용되고 있다. 그러나 PFO 는 불순물이 적을 뿐만 아니라 multicyclic hydrocarbons (MCH) 를 함유하고 있어 jet fuel와 같은 부가가치 화학 물질의 잠재적 원료이다. 본 연구에서는 그 중에서도 jet fuel의 핵심 성분인 C₁₀-C₁₃ aromatics를 PFO로부터 얻고자 했다. 지지체는 HZSM-5로 선정했으며 PFO의 선택적 hydrocracking 반응 동안 촉매 성능에 대한 지지체의 Si/Al₂ 비의 영향을 보았다. 앞서 선정한 지지체에 hydrocrackig 반응에서 주로 사용하는 Co와 Mo을 각각 3, 5 wt% 담지해 제조했다. 이후 trickle bed reactor에서 촉매 안정화 및 활성화를 진행했다. 활성화된 촉매를 통해 C₁₀-C₁₃ aromatics를 제조했다. 촉매의 화학적 및 물리적 특성은 H₂-temperature programmed reduction(TPR), N₂-adsorption, X-ray diffraction, 그리고 NH₃-temperature programmed desorption을 이용해 분석했다.

MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGE AND NUMBER-SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS OF PARTICULATE MATTER (PM) FROM A DIESEL GENERATOR OPERATED WITH WOOD PYROLYSIS OIL-BUTANOL BLENDED FUEL

Park, Inyong,Kim, Yongrae,Lee, Seokhwan The Korean Society of Automotive Engineers 2018 International journal of automotive technology Vol.19 No.3

This report details our experimental study investigating particulate matter (PM) emissions from a diesel generator fueled with wood pyrolysis oil (WPO)-butanol blended fuel for electricity generation. Particle number-size distributions and PM mass concentrations from diesel, n-butanol, and WPO-butanol blended fuels were investigated via aerosol measurements using a fast mobility particle sizer and an aerosol monitor with three generator outputs (0, 3.3, and <TEX>$6.6kW_e$</TEX>). For the n-butanol and WPO-blended fuels, the total number concentrations of exhaust particles were higher than that of conventional diesel combustion; however, the PM mass was observed to be nearly zero for all the engine operating conditions due to the higher number concentration in the nuclei mode. The morphology of the exhaust particles was investigated by analyzing transmission electron microscopy (TEM) micrographs. The morphology of the particles was drastically changed according to the test fuels and engine loads. Two types of particles were observed, including soot and coke shaped particles. These results were directly related to the immaturity of incipient soot particles due to the different physical properties and chemical compositions of the fuels.

불화탄소 전극의 열분해 연료유 기반 탄소 코팅이 리튬일차전지의 고율속 성능에 미치는 영향

이상엽 ( Sangyeop Lee ),하나은 ( Naeun Ha ),명성재 ( Seongjae Myeong ),임채훈 ( Chaehun Lim ),이세현 ( Sei-hyun Lee ),이영석 ( Young-seak Lee ) 한국공업화학회 2024 공업화학 Vol.35 No.4

불화탄소 기반 리튬일차전지(Li/CFX)의 활물질로 이용되는 불화탄소는 낮은 전도성에 기인한 열악한 율속 특성으로 방전 성능이 제한적이다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 이를 극복하기 위하여 불화탄소에 열분해 연료유를 이용하여 탄소코팅을 진행하였고, 전기화학적 성능을 고찰하였다. 탄소 코팅에 의하여 불화탄소 표면에 무정형 탄소층이 형성되었으며, 열처리 온도에 따른 불화탄소의 표면 물리화학적 특성을 면밀히 고찰하였다. 상용 불화탄소를 450 ℃에서 열처리한 ARC@C450 샘플은 sp2 탄소 결합의 함량이 62%로 가장 크게 증가하였으며, 반이온성 C-F 결합이 가장 많이 형성되었다. 또한, ARC@C450 샘플을 환원극 활물질로 이용한 일차전지는 가장 높은 5 C 율속(392 mAh/g)에서 안정적인 방전 특성을 보였으며, Rct 값은 미처리 시료에 비하여 53% 감소하였다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 불화탄소의 낮은 전도성을 극복하기 위한 방법으로 열분해 연료유 기반 탄소 코팅을 제안하며, 탄소 코팅된 불화탄소는 우수한 율속성능을 나타냄으로 고출력 일차전지로의 응용 가능성을 제시한다. The performance of carbon fluoride-based lithium primary batteries (Li/CFX) is limited due to poor rate capability resulting from the low conductivity of carbon fluoride, which is used as the active material. Therefore, in this study, we applied a carbon coating using pyrolysis fuel oil on carbon fluoride to overcome this limitation and considered its electrochemical performance. An amorphous carbon layer was formed on the surface of the carbon fluoride through carbon coating, and the surface physicochemical properties of the carbon fluoride were meticulously considered based on the heat treatment temperature. The advanced research chemical 1000 heat treated at 450 ℃ (ARC@C450) sample, which was commercial carbon fluoride heat-treated at 450 ℃, showed the largest increase in the concentration of sp2 carbon bonds (62%) and the highest formation of semi-ionic C-F bonds. Also, the primary battery using the ARC@C450 sample as a cathode active material exhibited stable discharge capability at the highest rate of 5 C (392 mAh/g), and the Rct value was reduced by 53% compared to the untreated sample. Therefore, we proposed pyrolysis fuel oil-based carbon coating as a method to overcome the low conductivity of carbon fluoride, and the carbon-coated carbon fluoride showed excellent rate performance, suggesting its potential application in high-power primary batteries.

Characterization of products from slow pyrolysis of palm kernel cake and cassava pulp residue

Piyarat Weerachanchai,Chaiyot Tangsathitkulchai,Malee Tangsathitkulchai 한국화학공학회 2011 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.28 No.12

Slow pyrolysis studies of palm kernel cake (PKC) and cassava pulp residue (CPR) were conducted in a fixed-bed reactor. Maximum liquid yield (54.3 wt%) was obtained from PKC pyrolysis at 700 oC, heating rate of 20 oC/min, N2 gas flow rate of 200 cm3/min and particle size of 2.03 mm. Fuel properties of bi-oils were in following ranges:density, 1.01-1.16 g/cm3; pH, 2.8-5.6; flash point, 74-110 oC and heating value, 15MJ/kg for CPR oil and 40 MJ/kg for PKC oil. PKC oil gave main contents of n-C8-C18 carboxylic acids, phenols, and esters, whereas CPR oil gave the highest amount of methanol soluble fraction consisting of polar and non-volatile compounds. On gas compositions,CPR pyrolysis gave the highest yield of syngas produced, while PKC pyrolysis offered the highest content of CO2. Pyrolysis chars possessed high calorific values in range from 29-35MJ/kg with PKC char showing a characteristic of reasonably high porosity material.

EVA 수지 이용 연료유 생성을 위한 열분해 반응에서 실리카-알루미나 계열 무기물의 영향

박영철,최주홍,오세희 한국수소및신에너지학회 2011 한국수소 및 신에너지학회논문집 Vol.22 No.5

The effects of silica-alumina type catalysts addition on the thermal decomposition of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) resin have been studied in a thermal analyzer (TGA, DSC) and a small batch reactor. The silica-alumina type compounds tested were kaolinite, bentonite, perlite, activated clay and clay. As the results of TGA experiments, pyrolysis starting temperature for EVA resin had the 1st pyrolysis temperature range of 300~400℃ and the 2nd pyrolysis temperature range of 425~525℃. The silica-alumina type catalysts did not affect the pyrolysis rate in EVA pyrolysis reaction. In the DSC experiments, addition of kaolinite and bentonite catalysts reduced the heat of fusion and heat of 2nd pyrolysis reaction. In the batch system experiments, the mixing of silica-alumina type catalysts enhanced the yield of fuel oil, and affected to the distribution of carbon numbers. In the silica-alumina type inorganic material used in this experiments, bentonite was the most effective from the pyrolysis heat, yields, and the characteristics of fuel oil.