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Deepak Kumar,Vipin Kumar Singh,Narayan Prasad Yadav,Sudeep Tandon,Karuna Shanker,Chandan Singh Chanotiya,Narendra Kumar,Puja Khare,Anirban Pal,Debabrata Chanda,Dharmendra Saikia,Yusuf Hussain,Abha Mee 한국공업화학회 2022 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.116 No.-
Gymnema sylvestre is an important medicinal plant, but a method for preparing standardized extractenriched with biomarkers is not available. The practiced crude hydro-alcoholic extracts of G. sylvestrecontained a few percentage of gymnemic acids (GAs). The enrichment of GAs in preprared extracts isessential from a pharmacology point of view. Presently, a scale-up process has been developed forpreparing G. sylvestre standardized extract (Gym-EEXT). Crude extract (Gym-Crude) was prepared in10-kg batches to obtain a yield of 268.1 mg/g, but GAs was merely 9 mg/g (GA-IV 6.7 mg/g, and GAXVII2.3 mg/g) in 30 % ethanol–water solvent at 50 C in 5 h. Further, Gym-Crude was processed throughpolymer-matrix-adsorption techniques for getting Gym-EEXT (150.9 mg/g) with improved percentage ofGAs (>10 %) comprised of deacylgymnemic acid (DGA: 8.9 mg/g), gymnemagenin (2.3 mg/g), GA-IV(78.6 mg/g), and GA-XVII (10.2 mg/g). For safety aspects, the pesticide residues, solvent residues, heavymetal, aflatoxins, and mutagenicity in Gym-EEXT were below the detection limits. Hence, Gym-EEXT wasenriched with GAs, and fully safe with compliance according to USP-561. An insignificant effect of Gym-EEXT on vitals of experimental mice was observed in acute and sub-acute oral-toxicityexperiments. Gym-EEXT significantly improved the blood glucose metabolism, and hence, it potentiallyreduces hyperglycaemia. Unique chromatographic protocols were developed for the isolation of biomarkerson a 1-kg scale from Gym-Crude with yield of gymnemagenin (5.5 %), and DGA (4.6 %). Finally, a novel,scientifically validated, and the scale-up process has been developed for the preparation of Gym-EEXTalong with an exclusive protocol for isolating its biomarkers.
김명선,오태정,이정찬,최가람,김민영,김희찬,조영민,KIMSUNGWAN 대한의학회 2014 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.29 No.3
The incretin effect, which is a unique stimulus of insulin secretion in response to oralingestion of nutrients, is calculated by the difference in insulin secretory responses from anoral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and a corresponding isoglycemic intravenous glucoseinfusion (IIGI) study. The OGTT model of this study, which is individualized by fitting theglucose profiles during an OGTT, was developed to predict the glucose profile during an IIGIstudy in the same subject. Also, the model predicts the insulin and incretin profiles duringboth studies. The incretin effect, estimated by simulation, was compared with thatmeasured by physiologic studies from eight human subjects with normal glucose tolerance,and the result exhibited a good correlation (r > 0.8); the incretin effect from the simulationwas 56.5% ± 10.6% while the one from the measured data was 52.5% ± 19.6%. Inconclusion, the parameters of the OGTT model have been successfully estimated to predictthe profiles of both OGTTs and IIGI studies. Therefore, with glucose data from the OGTTalone, this model could control and predict the physiologic responses, including insulinsecretion during OGTTs and IIGI studies, which could eventually eliminate the need forcomplex and cumbersome IIGI studies in incretin research.