A POWER CONSUMPTION ANALYSIS OF ULTRA-LOW POWER MICROCONTROLLERS

Koji TOMINAGA,Koichiro TANAKA 대한전자공학회 2009 ITC-CSCC :International Technical Conference on Ci Vol.2009 No.7

This paper reports the measurement results of the power consumption provided to an ultra-low-power microcontroller. Recently, mobile devices equipped with wireless communication capabilities have been effectively used by many people. Therefore, there are quite a lot of demands to adapt the capabilities to mobile devices without them. However, mobile devices which are required long battery life might not operate correctly when the module equipped with the capabilities simply connects them because the module consumes a big electric power. Ultralow-power microcontrollers will be able to reduce the power consumption of the system including their communication modules by controlling them. However, it is necessary to decrease the power consumption of the microcontroller to achieve this. Then, we measure the power consumption of MSP430 microcontrollers made by Texas Instruments. In the experiment, the power consumption value in some microcontrollers which only the internal memory size is different is measured. Moreover, the power consumption of the microcontroller in four of low-power modes (LPMs) are investigated. As a result, the microcontrollers with different internal memory size have showed the same power consumption. In addition, the power consumption of it has decreased when the LPM rise. In this paper, these results are shown in detail. In addition, the system that transmits the digital data converted from analog data by wireless communication.

A Preliminary Study of the Application of Prototyping Tools for Design Education Plans; Focusing on Open Source Microcontroller Boards

Nam, Wonsuk The International Promotion Agency of Culture Tech 2018 International Journal of Advanced Culture Technolo Vol.6 No.2

In the past, design has been recognized as a means to determine colors, shapes, and functions Recently, however, it has been accepted in a wider sense, namely designing the entire service, including product and user experience design. In this way, in addition to creativity and expressive power that designers have as their main competence, according to the expansion of this design object, designers are required to have comprehensive abilities in related fields and accompanying technical professional abilities. If designing as a technology application as a direction toward this situation, design education can be carried out by approaching technology as a method of expression or design subject. It can also be an effective alternative towards improving the understanding of technology. Meanwhile, many small microcontroller board products with advanced functions and multi-functional specialized programming integrated development environments (IDEs) are becoming widespread due to their open source, low cost, and scalable features. However, students in the design department who lack the basic knowledge of science and engineering have difficulties learning, which requires considerable time and is required for practical use. From this point of view, we have made advancements in the technical understanding of design education by conducting fundamental research to the effectiveness of microcontroller-based prototyping tools as means of expression. We also conducted basic education of microcontroller boards for a certain period of time on students who majored in design in conjunction with the basic survey and investigated the obstacle factors using a questionnaire. Through these surveys, we have confirmed the necessity of designing microcontroller boards of low difficulty, which simplify the coding process that can act as a barrier in difficulty for design students to apply smoothly in design education. In addition, we intend to carry out a basic study on the guideline of microcontroller design for design education and composition of education programs.

Impact of gamma radiation on 8051 microcontroller performance

Sharma Charu,Rajesh Puspalata,Behera R.P.,Amirthapandian S. 한국원자력학회 2022 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.54 No.12

Studying the effects of gamma radiation on the instrumentation and control (I&C) system of a nuclear power plant is critical to the successful and reliable operation of the plant. In the accidental scenario, the adverse environment of ionizing radiation affects the performance of the I&C system and it leads to inaccurate and incomprehensible results. This paper reports the effects of gamma radiation on the AT89C51RD2, a commercial-off-the-shelf 8-bit high-performance flash microcontroller. The microcontroller, selected for the device under test for this study is used in the remote terminal unit for a nuclear power plant. The custom circuits were made to test the microcontroller under different gamma doses using a 60Co gamma source in both ex-situ and in-situ modes. The device was exposed to a maximum dose of 1.5 kGy. Under this hostile environment, the performance of the microcontroller was studied in terms of device current and voltage changes. It was observed that the microcontroller device can operate up to a total absorbed dose of approximately 0.6 kGy without any failure or degradation in its performance.

Siemens 16 비트 마이크로 컨트롤러를 이용한 직류모터 속도제어시스템의 설계

정규홍 대진대학교 생산기술연구소 1998 생산기술연구소 논문집 Vol.1 No.-

In this paper, DC motor speed control system is designed and its control performance is tested with the Siemens C167CR-LM microcontroller which was developed recently. In that speed control system could be realized without much efforts and we can show the effectiveness and validity of the various kinds of control theory from the experiment of that system, it would be one of the good plant to investigate the characteristics of the selected controller and to get acquainted with the specific peripheral functions of the microcontroller. Hence, we explored the major functions of the C167CR microcontroller which are relevant to motor speed control system and implemented the speed detection and PI-control algorithm with the assembly language. From the experiment of the motor speed control system, we could show that many functions of the C167CR microcontroller are very useful, especially PEC in speed detection, and the overall speed control performance is acceptable.

High-Stable RF-Frequency Generation Using a Microcontroller for Amplitude Modulation Based Absolute Distance Measurement

유영진(Yeongjin Yu),이주형(Joohyung Lee) Korean Society for Precision Engineering 2019 한국정밀공학회지 Vol.36 No.7

In this paper, we describe high-stable RF-frequency generation using a low-cost 8-bit microcontroller for amplitudemodulation based distance measurement, which is one of the indispensable technologies for cost-effective Lidar application. The RF frequency generator using the microcontroller was implemented by externally referencing to an atomic clock and 8- bit timer/pulse width modulation (PWM) functions, which are embedded in a microcontroller. The microcontroller we used was ATmega128 of Microchip with 16 MHz clock and 8-bit timer, which generates the maximum frequency of up to 62.5 kHz, enabling 2.4-kilometer ranging without phase ambiguity. The stability of RF-frequency generated from the implemented system was evaluated in terms of Allan deviation using a commercial frequency counter. The stability indicated 10<SUP>-11</SUP> at 1-s averaging time and 10<SUP>-12</SUP> at 100 s averaging time, which represents a 1/10 degradation compared to the stability of the commercial function generator. Along with the stability evaluation, we interrogated frequency tunability, which extends a measurable range without phase ambiguity.

Microcontroller-Based Improved Predictive Current Controlled VSI for Single-Phase Grid-Connected Systems

Atia, Yousry,Salem, Mahmoud The Korean Institute of Power Electronics 2013 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.13 No.6

Predictive current control offers the potential for achieving more precise current control with a minimum of distortion and harmonic noise. However, the predictive method is difficult to implement and has a greater computational burden. This paper introduces a theoretical analysis and experimental verification for an improved predictive current control technique applied to single phase grid connected voltage source inverters (VSI). The proposed technique has simple calculations. An ATmega1280 microcontroller board is used to implement the proposed technique for a simpler and cheaper control system. To enhance the current performance and to obtain a minimum of current THD, an improved tri-level PWM switching strategy is proposed. The proposed switching strategy uses six operation modes instead of four as in the traditional strategy. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the system performance with the improved switching strategy and its effect on current performance. The presented experimental results verify that the proposed technique can be implemented using fixed point 8-bit microcontroller to obtain excellent results.

Microcontroller-Based Improved Predictive Current Controlled VSI for Single-Phase Grid-Connected Systems

Yousry Atia,Mahmoud Salem 전력전자학회 2013 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.13 No.6

Predictive current control offers the potential for achieving more precise current control with a minimum of distortion and harmonic noise. However, the predictive method is difficult to implement and has a greater computational burden. This paper introduces a theoretical analysis and experimental verification for an improved predictive current control technique applied to single phase grid connected voltage source inverters (VSI). The proposed technique has simple calculations. An ATmega1280 microcontroller board is used to implement the proposed technique for a simpler and cheaper control system. To enhance the current performance and to obtain a minimum of current THD, an improved tri-level PWM switching strategy is proposed. The proposed switching strategy uses six operation modes instead of four as in the traditional strategy. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the system performance with the improved switching strategy and its effect on current performance. The presented experimental results verify that the proposed technique can be implemented using fixed point 8-bit microcontroller to obtain excellent results.

용량형 센서를 위한 마이크로컨트롤러에 기반을 둔 록인 증폭기

김청월 ( Cheong Worl Kim ) 한국센서학회 2014 센서학회지 Vol.23 No.1

A lock-in amplifier was proposed for capacitive sensor applications. This amplifier was based on a general-purpose microcontroller and had only a charge amplifier as analog circuits. All the other functions of lock-in amplifier except for the charge amplifier were implemented with firmware and the internal resources of the microcontroller. A rectangular signal, generated by the microcontroller, was used in a sensor-driving signal instead of a conventional sinusoidal signal. This makes it possible that the phase comparison circuit in the lockin amplifier is made with analog-to-digital converter, a timer and an interrupt controller. Using the oversampling method and the rectangular driving signal, we can make it easy to implement the peak detection function with software and sample the peak-to-peak signal at charge amplifier output. A charge amplifier was proposed to cancel out the base capacitance existing in capacitive sensors structurally. The experimental results show that the lock-in amplifier operating in the supply voltage of 3.0 V cancels out the base capacitance and has good linearity.

디지털과 아날로그 입력이 혼용된 IoT 기기의 마이크로컨트롤러 입력포트 절감에 관한 연구

이현창 중소기업융합학회 2019 융합정보논문지 Vol.9 No.9

In this paper, a method of inputting one analog input and two digital switch inputs by using one analog port of microcontroller embedded in IoT device was proposed. In this method, the upper limit and the lower limit of the input voltage range of the analog input port are determined, and the analog input voltage is input to this interval. The digital switches are configured to exceed the boundaries of the upper and lower limits, respectively. To verify the performance of the proposed method, an experimental circuit was constructed and tested using a microcontroller. As a result, all three inputs can be sensed using a single analog port, thus confirming that the three required input ports are reduced to one input port, ie, 33%. 본 논문에서는 IoT 기기에 내장되는 마이크로컨트롤러의 1개 아날로그 포트를 이용해 1개의 아날로그 입력과 2개의 디지털 스위치 입력을 각각 입력받을 수 있는 방법을 제시하였다. 제시한 방법은 아날로그 입력포트의 입력전압 범위 중 상한선과 하한선을 정해 이 구간은 아날로그 입력 전압을 입력받고, 디지털 스위치들은 각각 상한선과 하한선의 경계를 초과하도록 구성하였다. 제시한 방법의 성능을 입증하기 위해 마이크로컨트롤러를 이용해 회로를 구성하고 실험하였으며, 그 결과 3종류의 입력들이 모두 1개의 아날로그 포트를 이용해 각각 감지할 수 있으므로 본래 필요했던 3개의 입력포트가 1개의 입력포트로, 즉 33%로 줄어드는 효과가 나타남을 확인하였다.

싱글칩 마이크로컨트롤러를 이용한고효율 공진형 플라이백 전력변환기

정강률 한국전기전자학회 2020 전기전자학회논문지 Vol.24 No.3

This paper presents a high efficiency resonant flyback converter using a single-chip microcontroller. The proposedconverter primary performs the resonant switching by applying the asymmetrical pulse-width modulation (APWM) tothe half-bridge power topology. And the converter secondary uses the diode flyback rectifier as its power topology andoperates with the zero current switching (ZCS). Thus the proposed converter achieves high efficiency. The total structureof proposed converter is very simple because it uses a single-chip microcontroller and bootstrap circuit for its control anddrive, respectively. First, this paper describes the converter operation according to each operation mode and shows itssteady-state analysis. And the software control algorithm and drive circuits operating the proposed converter areexplained. Then, the operation characteristics of proposed converter are shown through the experimental results of animplemented prototype based on each explanation. 본 논문에서는 싱글칩 마이크로컨트롤러를 이용한 고효율 공진형 플라이백 전력변환기를 제안한다. 제안한 전력변환기의1차측은 하프브리지의 전력구조에 비대칭펄스폭변조(APWM:Asymmetrical Pulse-Width Modulation)을 적용하여 공진형 스위칭을 수행한다. 그리고 2차측은 다이오드 플라이백정류기 전력구조를 이용하고 영전류스위칭(ZCS:Zero Current Switching)으로 동작한다. 그리하여 제안한 컨버터는 고효율을 달성한다. 제안한 컨버터는 제어와 구동을 위하여 싱글칩 마이크로컨트롤러와 부트스랩 회로를 각각 이용하므로 전체적 구조가 매우 간단하다. 본 논문에서는 먼저, 제안한 전력변환기의 전력회로의 동작을 동작모드 별로 설명하고 정상상태 해석을 보인다. 그리고 제안한 전력변환기를 동작시키는 소프트웨어 제어 알고리즘과 구동회로에 관하여 설명하며, 그 후 각 설명에 근거하여 제작된 프로토타입의 실험결과를 통하여 제안한 전력변환기의 동작 특성을 보인다.