Effect of KNO3 Priming on Various Properties of Kenaf Seed under Non-Saline and Saline Conditions

In-Sok Lee,Chan-Ho Kang,Ki-Kwon Lee 한국작물학회 2017 Korean journal of crop science Vol.62 No.4

The main objective of this study was to increase the germination percentage of kenaf seeds with less number of times under non-saline and saline conditions. Therefore, the first goal was to assess the response of kenaf seeds to NaCl. The second goal was to evaluate the effects of KNO3 on kenaf seed germination. The germination percentage exhibited a decreasing tendency in germination rate. Plant dry weight was approximately 0.2 g in all treatments at 5 days after germination. As time passed, the electrical conductivity (EC) value of hydro-priming (HP) consistently increased by 8.7 mS/cm at 24 hours of immersion. However, seeds primed with KNO3 showed no difference in EC values even as times passed. Regarding the priming effect, priming in 100 mM KNO3 concentration for 12 hours increased germination up to 85% in H20 solution and in 0 mM KNO3 concentration upto 73.8% under 0.3% NaCl solution, compared to that of Control. Germination synchronization, shoot length, and leaf unfolding of primed seeds were greater than those of the Control. In addition, main root and hair roots appeared more rapidly in the treated seeds and were more abundant compared to that of the Control. The T50 (times to reach 50% of the final germination percentage) of the Control in both H20 and 0.3% NaCl solutions was 18 and 22 hours, respectively. However, when treated KNO3 priming (0 to 100 mM) in H20 and 0.3% NaCl solution, 9 hours was sufficient to reach T50. Primed (hydro-priming and KNO3) seeds had a lower MDG (mean days untill germination; 0.6-0.62) compared to that of the Control (1.13-1.31) in H20 and 0.3% NaCl solutions. Regarding dry weight of plants after priming, an increasing tendency after the priming treatment in the H20 solution was observed. Furthermore, no significant difference in plant dry weight under 0.3% NaCl stress was observed between the Control and primed seeds. Taken together, the results suggest that 50-100 mM KNO3 priming for 24 hours optimize seed germination rate in less number of times of exposure with great vigor. Therefore, it is recommended for kenaf seed invigoration before planting.

저온, GA3, KNO3 및 Acetone 처리가 활나물 종자발아에 미치는 영향

강진호,김유진,전병삼 한국약용작물학회 2001 한국약용작물학회지 Vol.9 No.2

생약재로 이용되고 있는 활나물은 항암효과가 밝혀져 그 이용이 기대되나 종자발아가 불량하여 재배가 어려운 식물이다. 따라서 GA3, 저온, KNO3, acetone처리가 활나물의 종자발아에 미치는 영향을 구명하여 앞으로의 재배연구의 기초자료를 얻고자 본 연구를 실시하였던 바 그 결과를 다음과 같다. 1. 활나물 종자의 발아율은 GA3 처리시에는 0.1 mM에 12시간 암상태에서, 저온처리시에는 3℃에서 1주간 처리하는것에서 가장 높았다. 2. 발아율은 KNO3 처리시에는 400 mM에 6시간, acetone 처리시에는 200 mM에 6시간 처리하는 것에서 가장 높았으며, 이들 처리결과가 GA3 또는 저온처리의 최적결과보다 양호하였다. 3. 포장출현율은 200 mM의 acetone 용액에 6시간 처리하는 것보다 400 mM의 KNO3에 6시간 처리하는 것에서 높은 것으로 조사되어 활나물 종자처리는 KNO3를 이용하여 암상태에서 처리하는 것이 바람직한 처리방법으로 평가되었다. Crotalaria sessiflora is one of a few medicinal herbs among the legumes used as antitumor herb medicine but has lower seed germination and afterward seedling emergence. This study was carried out to elucidate the effects of cold stratification as presown treatment as well as GA3, KNO3 and acetone on its seed germination and seedling emergence. Cold stratification, GA3, KNO3 and acetone treatments were performed with different concentrations and period levels. Cold treatment was done under 14 hour red light illumination a day or darkness and the two others under darkness. On the basis of the best germination rate of each treatment, GA3 and cold stratification treatments showed the highest germination rates at 0.1 mM but 12 hours and 2 week periods under darkness, respectively. KNO3 and acetone treatments came out at 400 mM and 200 mM lasted for, respectively. The best germination rates from KNO3 and acetone were comparatively higher than those from the former GA3 and cold treatments. In evaluation of seedling emergence using the last two treatments, KNO3 treated seeds were better performed than acetone treated seeds showed somewhat higher germination rate, implying that presown seed treatments must be evaluated by the combination with indoor and field tests.

Cold Stratification, Gibberellic Acid, and Priming Treatments to Promote Germination of Lychnis wilfordii (Regel) Maxim. Seeds

Hyun Jin Kim,Yoon Ju Cho,Ah Ram Cho,Yoon Jin Kim 한국화훼학회 2020 화훼연구 Vol.28 No.1

본 연구는 제비동자꽃의 대량번식을 위한 효과적인 발아 조건을 선발하고자 수행되었다. 제비동자꽃 종자는 저온습윤 처리(5°C, 0, 4, 8, 12, 16주), GA3 처리(0, 500, 1000mg・L-1), 프라이밍 처리(0.1M, 0.2M의 NH4NO3, K2HPO4, KCl, KNO3)를 하였다. 모든 종자는 25°C, 12시간 광조건(40μmol・m-2 ・s-1)에 서 발아 실험이 진행되었으며, GA3 처리구는 비닐온실(평균 23.4°C)에서도 비교실험이 진행되었다. 저온습윤 8주 처리구 에서 20.4%로 가장 높은 발아율을 나타냈으며, 12주 이상의 저온습윤 처리는 오히려 제비동자꽃의 발아율을 감소시켰다. GA3 0, 500, 1000mg・L-1 처리된 종자는 25°C에서 각각 3.3, 44.0, 62.0%, 비닐온실에서 각각 5.3, 16.7, 42% 발아하였다. 제비동자꽃 종자는 GA3 농도가 높아질수록 발아율이 증가하였다. 또한 제비동자꽃 종자는 0.2M KNO3-프라이밍 처리구에서 가장 높은 발아율(54.7%)을 나타냈으며, 평균발아소요일수는 처리 간 유의성을 보이지 않았다. 이상의 결과로 효과적인 제비종자꽃 종자 번식을 위한 전처리 조건으로 24시간 GA3 1000mg・L-1 침지 처리 또는 0.2M-KNO3 프라이밍 처리를 추천한다. This study was carried out to indentify effective germination pretreatments for the mass propagation of Lychnis wilfordii. Seeds were treated with cold stratification (0, 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks at 5°C), GA3 (0, 500, and 1000 mg・L-1), a nd priming t reatment (0.1 M and 0.2 M w ith NH4NO3, K2HPO4, KCl, and KNO3). All seeds were germinated at 2 5°C and 12 h photoperiod ( 40 μmol・m-2 ・s-1). GA3 treatment was also carried out in greenhouse. The highest final germination percentage (FGP) was 20.4% in 8-week-cold stratified seeds, whereas cold stratification for over 12 weeks decreased FGP of L. wilfordii. Seeds treated with 0, 500, and 1000 mg・L-1 GA3 showed germination percentages of 3.3, 4 4.0, a nd 6 2 .0% at 2 5°C in a g rowth chamber, a nd 5.3, 16.7, and 42% under greenhouse conditions, respectively. As the GA3 concentration increased, FGP increased. Furthermore, L. wilfordii seeds showed the highest FGP (54.7%) when primed with 0.2 M KNO3, but, MGT did not show any significant difference among treatments. Therefore we recommend soaking the seeds in 1000 mg・L-1 GA3 or 0.2 M-KNO3 p riming f or 2 4 h as a p roper treatment for effective seed germination in L. wilfordii.

난쟁이바위솔의 종자발아를 촉진하는 온도, 광 및 화학적 처리

조주성,정정학,김수영,이철희 한국화훼산업육성협회 2014 화훼연구 Vol.22 No.2

본 연구는 식물구계학적 특정식물종 II급에 해당하는 난쟁이바위솔의 종자 번식법 개발을 위해 수행되었다. 종자의 형태적 특성은 크기가 1.10x0.21mm, 1,000립 중이 496.0±0.21mg인 갈색의 미립종자였다. 종자의 함수율은 24시간 만에 8.8%에서 39.8%로 급속히 증가하여최대함수율을 보였다. 온도 및 광조건에 따른 발아율은20οC, 명조건에서 가장 높았으며, GA3와 KNO3용액에 24시간 처리함으로써 발아율과 발아세가 매우 향상되었다.특히 GA3 처리구는 10~100mg•L-1의 농도에서 발아율이99.0% 이상으로 매우 우수였으며, KNO3는 5mM 처리구에서 발아율이 81.3%로 가장 높았다. This study was carried out to establish seedpropagation methods of Meterostachys sikokiana (Makino)Nakai, one of the specific plant species for the floral region.Observation of seed morphology characters showed wrinkledsurface and elliptical shape, indicating brown, and fineseeds. Seed size ranged 1.10x0.21mm, weight of thousandseeds was 496.0±0.21mg. Moisture contents of seeds,increased rapidly by water-soaking treatment, recordingmaximum moisture contents after 24 hours. Percent ger-mination of seeds was higher under the light than darkcondition. Seed germination was the best at 20οC underthe light condition among temperature and light conditionstreated. Percent germination and germination energy wasgreatly improved by soaking in GA3 and KNO3 solutions for 24hours. Especially, 10~100mg•L-1 GA3 treatment resulted inthe highest germination rate as 99.0% and above. In caseof KNO3 treatment, the highest germination rate was 81.3%in 5mM solution.

자생 숙은노루오줌의 종자발아에 미치는 환경조건과 화학적 처리의 영향

장보국,조주성,이철희 한국자원식물학회 2016 한국자원식물학회지 Vol.29 No.2

Factors affecting germination of seeds in the forms of various environment and chemical compounds. The present study was aim to produced effective seed propagation method of Astilbe koreana (Kom.) Nakai which had expected high value for the cut flower, ornamental and pharmaceutical material. Seed width and length ranged 0.62, 2.22 ㎜, respectively, and weight of thousand seeds was 40.5 ㎎. As result of imbibition test, showed moisture content of fresh seed (2.57%) increased rapidly by water-soaking treatment under 24 hours, recording to maximum value of 29.8%, and expansion of the seed coat was observed. Seed germination was the best at 15℃ and light conditions (40.8%) among temperature and light conditions treated. Percent germination of seeds was improved under the low (15, 20℃) than high temperature (25, 30℃). In addition, the seed was not germinated at dark condition regardless of temperature. Seeds of A. koreana thus seemed that it had low temperature germinability conditions. To improve germination rate, seeds were submerged in various concentrations of growth regulators such as GA3 and kinetin, and minerals as KNO3 and KCl. As a results, KNO3 treatment, regardless of concentrations, promoted germination compared to control. Especially, percent of germination (77.8%), germination energy (96.1%), mean germination time (11.3 days) and T50 (6.5 days) were effectively improved by treatment of KNO3 20 mM. Key words - Astilbe, Saxifragaceae, GA3, Kinetin, KNO3, KCl 본 연구는 절화, 관상 및 의약소재로 이용가치가 높은 자생 숙은노루오줌의 종자 번식법을 개발하고자 수행되었다. 연구 에 사용된 종자는 크기가 0.62×2.22 ㎜이며, 1,000립중은 40.5 ㎎으로 조사되었다. 종자의 기간별 수분흡수율을 조사한 결과, 2.57%였던 수분함량이 침지처리 24시간 만에 29.8%로 증가하 였으며, 종피의 팽창이 관찰되었다. 숙은노루오줌의 종자는 저 온요구성 광발아성으로 15℃, 명조건에서 최종발아율(40.8%) 이 가장 높았으며, 발아상의 온도가 높아질수록 발아율은 낮아 졌다. 암조건에서는 어느 온도조건에서도 전혀 발아되지 않았 다. 종자에 생장조절제 및 무기염류를 처리한 결과, KNO3는 농 도에 관계없이 무처리구에 비해 우수한 발아촉진 효과를 나타 내었다. 특히 KNO3 20 mM 처리구에서 최종발아율(77.8%)과 발아세(96.1%)가 향상되었으며, 평균발아소요일수(11.3일)와 T50 (6.5일)도 효과적으로 단축시킬 수 있었다.

Effect of KNO3 Priming on Various Properties of Kenaf Seed under Non-Saline and Saline Conditions

이인석,강찬호,이기권 한국작물학회 2017 Korean journal of crop science Vol.62 No.4

The main objective of this study was to increase the germination percentage of kenaf seeds with less number of times under non-saline and saline conditions. Therefore, the first goal was to assess the response of kenaf seeds to NaCl. The second goal was to evaluate the effects of KNO3 on kenaf seed germination. The germination percentage exhibited a decreasing tendency in germination rate. Plant dry weight was approximately 0.2 g in all treatments at 5 days after germination. As time passed, the electrical conductivity (EC) value of hydro-priming (HP) consistently increased by 8.7 mS/cm at 24 hours of immersion. However, seeds primed with KNO3 showed no difference in EC values even as times passed. Regarding the priming effect, priming in 100 mM KNO3 concentration for 12 hours increased germination up to 85% in H20 solution and in 0 mM KNO3 concentration upto 73.8% under 0.3% NaCl solution, compared to that of Control. Germination synchronization, shoot length, and leaf unfolding of primed seeds were greater than those of the Control. In addition, main root and hair roots appeared more rapidly in the treated seeds and were more abundant compared to that of the Control. The T50 (times to reach 50% of the final germination percentage) of the Control in both H20 and 0.3% NaCl solutions was 18 and 22 hours, respectively. However, when treated KNO3 priming (0 to 100 mM) in H20 and 0.3% NaCl solution, 9 hours was sufficient to reach T50. Primed (hydro-priming and KNO3) seeds had a lower MDG (mean days untill germination; 0.6-0.62) compared to that of the Control (1.13-1.31) in H20 and 0.3% NaCl solutions. Regarding dry weight of plants after priming, an increasing tendency after the priming treatment in the H20 solution was observed. Furthermore, no significant difference in plant dry weight under 0.3% NaCl stress was observed between the Control and primed seeds. Taken together, the results suggest that 50-100 mM KNO3 priming for 24 hours optimize seed germination rate in less number of times of exposure with great vigor. Therefore, it is recommended for kenaf seed invigoration before planting.

Effect of KNO₃ Priming on Various Properties of Kenaf Seed under Non-Saline and Saline Conditions

Lee, In-Sok,Kang, Chan-Ho,Lee, Ki-Kwon The Korean Society of Crop Science 2017 한국작물학회지 Vol.62 No.4

The main objective of this study was to increase the germination percentage of kenaf seeds with less number of times under non-saline and saline conditions. Therefore, the first goal was to assess the response of kenaf seeds to NaCl. The second goal was to evaluate the effects of $KNO_3$ on kenaf seed germination. The germination percentage exhibited a decreasing tendency in germination rate. Plant dry weight was approximately 0.2 g in all treatments at 5 days after germination. As time passed, the electrical conductivity (EC) value of hydro-priming (HP) consistently increased by 8.7 mS/cm at 24 hours of immersion. However, seeds primed with $KNO_3$ showed no difference in EC values even as times passed. Regarding the priming effect, priming in 100 mM $KNO_3$ concentration for 12 hours increased germination up to 85% in $H_20$ solution and in 0 mM $KNO_3$ concentration upto 73.8% under 0.3% NaCl solution, compared to that of Control. Germination synchronization, shoot length, and leaf unfolding of primed seeds were greater than those of the Control. In addition, main root and hair roots appeared more rapidly in the treated seeds and were more abundant compared to that of the Control. The T50 (times to reach 50% of the final germination percentage) of the Control in both $H_20$ and 0.3% NaCl solutions was 18 and 22 hours, respectively. However, when treated $KNO_3$ priming (0 to 100 mM) in $H_20$ and 0.3% NaCl solution, 9 hours was sufficient to reach T50. Primed (hydro-priming and $KNO_3$) seeds had a lower MDG (mean days untill germination; 0.6-0.62) compared to that of the Control (1.13-1.31) in $H_20$ and 0.3% NaCl solutions. Regarding dry weight of plants after priming, an increasing tendency after the priming treatment in the H20 solution was observed. Furthermore, no significant difference in plant dry weight under 0.3% NaCl stress was observed between the Control and primed seeds. Taken together, the results suggest that 50-100 mM $KNO_3$ priming for 24 hours optimize seed germination rate in less number of times of exposure with great vigor. Therefore, it is recommended for kenaf seed invigoration before planting.

저장방법 및 priming 처리가 히어리 종자 발아에 미치는 영향

김형득,김홍림,곽용범,최영하,이아롱 한국화훼산업육성협회 2010 화훼연구 Vol.18 No.4

히어리 종자의 저장 방법 및 저장기간이 종자발아에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과, 건조저온 조건에서 저장한 히어리 종자의 발아율은 40일간 저장한 것이 12%, 70일은 12%, 85일은 8%, 100일은 10%, 115일은 6%로 발아율이 매우 낮았고 130일간 저장한 것은 전혀 발아하지 않 았다. 이에 반하여 습윤저온 조건에서 저장한 종자의 발아율은 40일 저장한 것이 20%, 70일은 54%, 85일은 78%, 100일은 96%로 저온 저장기간이 길어짐에 따라 발아율이 높았다. 그러나 115일 저장한 것은 76%, 130일 은 16%로 다시 발아율이 낮아졌다. 또한 건조저장한 종자 에 생장조절제와 무기염류를 처리하여 발아촉진효과를 본 결과 수확 직후 파종한 것은 약제처리를 하지 않은 것은 전혀 발아하지 않았던 반면에 GA3 500mg·L-1 처리에서 는 53.3%의 발아율을 보였다. 1개월 저장한 종자의 경우 상온과 저온저장 모두 GA3 100mg·L-1 처리에서 41.1%로 가장 높은 발아율을 보였고, 2개월 저장한 종자의 경우 상온저장은 GA3 50 mg·L-1에서 26.2%, 저온저장은 GA3 100mg·L-1 처리에서 31.1%로 가장 높은 발아율을 보였으며, 3개월 저장한 종자의 경우 상온 저장은 최고 발아율이 GA3 100mg·L-1에서 8.9%, 저온저장은 GA3 50mg·L-1과 GA3 100mg·L-1처리에서 7.8%의 발아율을 보였다. 한편, Ca(NO3)2 5, 10, 20mM, KNO3 5, 10, 20 mM을 각각 24시간 침지처리 했을 때는 발아촉진 효과가 나타나지 않았다. Corylopsis coreana is an endangered Korean native plants. This is one of the genus that have high ornamental value for flowering plants available for garden shrub, bonsai, and pot plants. In this study, the methods to encourage seed germination rate were investigated for its ornamental uses. The germination rate of Corylopsis coreana seeds stored under dry-cold condition was very low, 12%, 12%, 8%, and 10% after 40, 70, 85, and 100 days storage respectively. But the germination rate of Corylopsis coreana seeds stored under wet-cold condition was higher than these, 20%, 54%, 78%, and 96% after 40, 70, 85, and 100 days storage respectively. Dry seeds sowed directly without GA3 treatment showed no germination regardless of storage type(cold or room temp.) or storage periods. On the other hand, the soaking treatment with GA3 50~500 ppm for 24 hours was very effective to increase the germination rate. The most effective GA3 levels was different by storage type(cold or room temp.) and storage periods. But the effect of GA3 was decreased by prolonging of the storage period. Soaking treatment with Ca(NO3)2 5, 10, 20 mM, KNO3 5, 10, 20 mM for 24 hours showed no effect.

B-KNO3 점화제의 가속 노화 특성 연구

백종규 ( Jong Gyu Paik ),류병태 ( Byung Tae Ryu ),권미라 ( Mi Ra Kwon ) 한국화학공학회 2014 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.52 No.2

본 연구에서는 점화제로 사용되는 B-KNO3의 가속노화 실험에 따른 특성변화를 고찰하였다. 점화제는 보관 방법이나 보관기간에 따라 점화 효율이 저하되는 경향이 있으며 안정된 사용을 위해서는 이에 대한 명확한 이해가 필요하다. 따라서 노화에 대한 원인 규명을 위해 가속화 시험 시편의 미세구조와 결정구조 및 열 분석을 수행하였으며 점화 특성에 끼치는 영향성을 규명하고자 하였다. 산화제로 첨가된 KNO3의 결정구조를 분석함으로써 노화에 끼치는 산화제 영향을 해석하였다. 결론적으로 산화제의 결정구조가 안정한 구조로 변화되었으며 활성화 에너지변화에 영향을 끼쳤다. This research investigated the aging properties of the B-KNO3 system as the igniter. The B-KNO3 system showed the degradation in ignition properties depending on the method and period of storage. It should be found out the cause of the degradation to predict the reliability of the igniters. The changes of the properties by the degradation after aging tests were analyzed by microstructure analysis, XRD analysis and thermal analysis using DSC. It was found out that the lattice parameters of the KNO3 as the oxidizer in the ignition system was changed into the JCPDS values as the aging time increased. Conclusively, the changes of the crystal structure of oxidizer affected the activation energy increasing as aging time increased.

식물생장조절제 및 priming 처리가 금어초 종자의 발아와 초기생육에 미치는 영향

강점순,최인수,Kang Jum-Soon,Choi In-Soo 한국생명과학회 2006 생명과학회지 Vol.16 No.3

금어초에서 발아율을 증진시킬 수 있는 생장조절제 최적 처리조건은 $GA_3\;250{\mu}M$ 처리였다. 생장조절제 종류 중 $GA_3$가 BAP보다 발아증진 효과가 높았다. 그러나 $GA_3+BAP$ 혼용하면 발아촉진의 상승작용은 크지 않았다. 금어초에서 발아력을 극대화시킬 수 있는 최적 priming조건은 200 mM의 $KNO_3$ 화학제로 2일간 처리였는데, 무처리에 비해 발아율은 14% 증진되었고, 발아일수는 3.5일 단축되었다. 금어초의 발아적온은 $15{\sim}25^{\circ}C$였고, $30^{\circ}C$ 이상의 온도에서는 발아율이 20% 이하로 저하되어 금어초는 저온발아성 종자였다. 금어초는 발아중에 주어지는 광조건에 따라 발아율이 달랐다. 암상태에서는 저조한 발아율을 보였으나 발아과정중에 적색광이 주어지면 암조건에 비해 발아율이 $15{\sim}20%$ 상승되었다. 금어초에서 묘출현율과 초기생육을 향상시킬 수 있는 파종전 종자처리는 단독 $GA_3$ 및 priming처리보다는 priming과 $GA_3$ 조합한 처리였다. In this study, we investigated the effect of growth regulators, seed priming, and light condition for the germination and early growth in Snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus L.). The optimum concentration of growth regulator for the promotion of germinability turned out to be 250 uM of $GA_3$. The germination enhancement in combination of $GA_3+BAP$ was not significant. The optimum priming condition for the maximum germinability was 2 day treatment of 200 mM of $KNO_3$. which increased germination by 14% and shortened the day to germination by 3.5 days. The optimum temperature for germination was $15{\sim}25^{\circ}C$. The germination frequency was decreased to lower than 20% at $30^{\circ}C$, which showed that seeds of Snapdragon germinates better at low temperature than high temperature. The germination frequency was different at light condition; it was low at dark condition, but was increased by $15{\sim}20%$ at red light condition. The combination of $GA_3$ and seed priming showed better germinability than the single treatment of $GA_3$ and seed priming.