GeoAI-Based Forest Fire Susceptibility Assessment with Integration of Forest and Soil Digital Map Data

( Kounghoon Nam ),( Jong-tae Kim ),( Chang-ju Lee ),( Gyo-cheol Jeong ) 대한지질공학회 2024 지질공학 Vol.34 No.1

This study assesses forest fire susceptibility in Gangwon-do, South Korea, which hosts the largest forested area in the nation and constitutes ~21% of the country’s forested land. With 81% of its terrain forested, Gangwon-do is particularly susceptible to wildfires, as evidenced by the fact that seven out of the ten most extensive wildfires in Korea have occurred in this region, with significant ecological and economic implications. Here, we analyze 480 historical wildfire occurrences in Gangwon-do between 2003 and 2019 using 17 predictor variables of wildfire occurrence. We utilized three machine learning algorithms―random forest, logistic regression, and support vector machine―to construct wildfire susceptibility prediction models and identify the best-performing model for Gangwon-do. Forest and soil map data were integrated as important indicators of wildfire susceptibility and enhanced the precision of the three models in identifying areas at high risk of wildfires. Of the three models examined, the random forest model showed the best predictive performance, with an area-under-thecurve value of 0.936. The findings of this study, especially the maps generated by the models, are expected to offer important guidance to local governments in formulating effective management and conservation strategies. These strategies aim to ensure the sustainable preservation of forest resources and to enhance the well-being of communities situated in areas adjacent to forests. Furthermore, the outcomes of this study are anticipated to contribute to the safeguarding of forest resources and biodiversity and to the development of comprehensive plans for forest resource protection, biodiversity conservation, and environmental management.

Mood State Changes in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome in the Urban Forests

이숙미 인간식물환경학회 2016 인간식물환경학회지 Vol.19 No.6

This study aims to assess forest healing programs to middle-aged people in Korea with metabolic syndrome as a method to control the syndrome through prevention and health improvement rather than treatment. In order to develop healing programs using urban forest for metabolic syndrome patients, environment condition of the forests and moods of participants were compared. Thermal environments and the amount of phytoncide were analysed for environment by site, Saneum Healing Forest had a lower temperature but a higher humidity than Seoul Forest. Seoul Forest had higher PMV and PPD levels than Saneum Healing Forest, providing patients with freshness. This seems to be due to the seasonal factor of autumn. As for the total emission of phytoncide, mountain forest generated more than urban forest. Nine components out of investigated twenty turned out to be generated more in urban forest. The atmospheric composition of phytoncides, volatile organic compounds that are released from vegetation, was analyzed at both sites. Profile of Mood States (POMS) were measured before and after the healing program. The POMS suggested that forest environments reduce stress and increase comfort, calm, and feelings of refreshment. The tendency towards positive mood state in the forest recommend that middle-aged Metabolic syndrome patients participate in healing programs in the forests.

산림치유 효과 검증 연구의 주요어 분석을 통한 치유 발현과정 해석

박경자 ( Kyeong-ja Park ),신창섭 ( Chang-seob Shin ),김동수 ( Dongsoo Kim ) 한국산림과학회(구 한국임학회) 2021 한국산림과학회지 Vol.110 No.1

본 연구는 산림치유인자를 활용한 숲 활동이 면역력증진과 건강증진으로 이어지는 산림치유 효과의 발현과정을 이론적 그리고 정성적으로 분석하고 산림치유 개념을 정밀화하고 체계화하기 위하여 수행되었다. 연구분석자료는 산림치유관련 기관 웹사이트와 2000년에서 2020년 3월까지 산림치유로 검색되는 33편의 석·박사 학위논문과 33편의 전문학술지논문의 주요어, 2016년 산림치유 체험수기 공모전 입상작에 나타난 명사와 형용사 빈도수에 근거하여 워드클라우드를 생성하였다. 단어 빈도수를 근거로 한 해석으로 산림치유 요인을 도출하고 치유 효과의 발현과정을 추론하여 산림치유에 대한 개념을 정의하였다. 산림 치유력의 원천은 산림치유인자와 함께 숲에 대한 긍정적 경험과 자연에 대한 태도가 중요한 것으로 나타났다. 치유효과는 산림치유프로그램을 통해 극대화되고, 신체적 정신적 회복력과 저항력으로 이어지며, 결과적으로 건강증진, 면역력 증진으로 나타난다. 본 연구는 산림치유란 “대상자들의 숲에 대한 긍정경험 및 태도와 산림의 환경요소를 매개로 대상자들의 심리적, 신체적, 영적 회복력을 위한 건강증진 활동”이라 제안한다. In this study, the validity of the forest therapy process, in which forest activities using forest therapy factors lead to immunity promotion and health promotion, was analyzed theoretically and qualitatively to refine and systemize the forest therapy concept. Research and analysis data were collected from the websites of institutions related to forest therapy; 33 theses and 33 original research articles from 2000 to March 2020 were searched for forest therapy key words, as well as the prize winning work of the 2016 forest therapy experience essay. A word cloud was generated by frequency of nouns and adjectives and from the key words in the web pages, theses, articles, and the forest therapy experience essay. Through interpretation of word frequency, the systemic flow of forest therapy was defined. The results suggest that the source of forest therapy's power was a positive experience of the forest and an improved attitude toward nature as well as forest therapeutic factors. The therapeutic effect is maximized through the forest healing program, leading to physical and mental resilience and resistance; consequently, health and immunity are promoted. From this study, forest therapy is proposed as “a health promotion activity for the psychological, physical, and spiritual resilience of the subjects through various environmental factors of the forest, positive experiences, and attitudes toward the forest.”

산림치유자원조사 표준지 선정에 관한 연구 - 한국산림복지진흥원 소속기관을 중심으로 -

박진화 ( Park Jin Hwa ),이경민 ( Lee Kyoung Min ),김선영 ( Kim Sun Young ),이창헌 ( Lee Chang Heon ) 전북대학교 농업과학기술연구소 2019 농업생명과학연구 Vol.50 No.2

Since 2000, the Basic Law on Forest and the Forest Culture Recreation Act has been enacted, and the paradigm of forest policy has been changing to 'Providing forest welfare and forest healing' using dense forests. However, forest surveys are still focused on forest surveys aimed at mass production of wood. Therefore, in this study, to secure the objectivity of selecting the standard site of forest healing resources survey, the existing method of selecting the standard site of forest investigation was compared with the literature, and the physical and environmental location of the standard site of forest healing resources survey through GIS analysis was analyzed for the current forest healing resources survey measurement point. As a result of literature survey, the National Forest Resources Survey was selected by the system extraction method, and the National Forest Survey tended to rely on the opinions and choices of experts. On the other hand, it is judged that the stratification extraction method among the standard site selection methods of the forest carbon offsetting project can be partially applied to the selection of the standard site of the forest healing resource survey. If we can figure out the method to quantify the opinions of experts and draw the standardization standard suitable for the forest healing resource survey, it is expected that reasonable standard selection method can be suggested. As a result of GIS analysis, it is considered that it is ideal to prepare standard site selection standards considering the user standard and physical environment standard at the same time. This means that it is necessary to study to index and quantify expert opinions and judgments in order to provide objective basis for selecting the standard site of the survey by experts. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct further research on the selection of the standard site for forest healing resources survey.

일제 임야조사사업기 김해지역의 국유림 분쟁

강정원 ( Kang Jung-won ) 부경역사연구소 2008 지역과 역사 Vol.- No.22

Japanese government had intended to establish the Forest Ownership in accordance with the modernized laws and terminate the ownership disputes through the project for surveying the forest. This research is purposed to analysis the survey report for the land in disputes called Bunjangjijoseo(『紛爭地調書』) in Kimhae, Kyungsang Province and review how to treat the customary Forest occupation by Kimhae Citizen at the project process. During the Project, 191 disputes for 285 lots were occurred in Kimhae which was over most area in Kimhae. At that time, the Forest was occupied by Kimhae citizen in the manner of grave, sales & purchase, Planting trees, recording on land registration and certification, drafting a plan and others. However, the forest without ownership relation for long time was enlisted as the state forest at the state forest identification(or classification) survey which was made on and about 1911-12 year, and then leased to the 3rd parties on the condition of planting trees. This caused the Japanese to occupy the most of forest with considering the land area and lots. Consequently, the parties to the dispute for the forest were the local residents and the state as well as the local residents and Japanese who had leased the forest. Most of disputes in Kimhae area were for the state forest and settled in favor of the leaseholder except 10 lots. The settlement of the disputes over the forest in Kimhae was the process to create the state forest. The Japanese government unilaterally admitted and recognized the ownerless mountains as the state ones based on the modernized ownership conception. Further, the previous ownership interests and rights over the forest were not recognized on the unconditional basis of the current Planting trees and actual result. In consequence, the state forest was reproduced and enlarged, and most of the Japanese who were the leaseholders won the cases, were able to push on planting trees and have more chance to secure the ownership interest on the forests. This made the local resident in Kimhae unable to exercise their influence over the forest slowly and to join the operation of forest resources under the control of the Japanese.

도서산림 관리를 위한 관련 법제도 고찰과 개선방안에 관한 연구

이호상 ( Lee¸ Ho-sang ),현창석 ( Hyun¸ Chang-seok ),이보라 ( Lee¸ Bo-ra ),이광수 ( Lee¸ Kwang-soo ),신순호 ( Shin¸ Soon-ho ) 한국도서(섬)학회 2021 韓國島嶼硏究 Vol.33 No.2

This study was undertaken to suggest the direction of island forest management for the conservation of the forest ecosystem in the island region through the review of the current legal system for forest management in the island area. Recently, there has been an increasing discussion on the conservation of island biodiversity both domestically and internationally, and the island management policy in Korea has also been changed to consider the life, economy, and ecological sustainability of local residents. The total number of islands that are geographically cut off from land and surrounded by the sea was 3,383(465 inhabited islands and 2,918 uninhabited islands), 2,325 (55.9%) distributed forests and 220,819ha forest area, which is estimated to account for about 3.5% of the nation's forest area. In relation to the island area, the principal agents in island management are diversified by managing the populated islands via the Ministry of the Interior and Safety, the uninhabited islands with the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries, the Ministry of Environment, the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries, and the Ministry of the Interior and Safety. Mainly, inhabited islands are developed while uninhabited islands and special islands have conservation characteristics. In the forest sector, other than the Forest Protection Act, which is directly subject to forest protection, forests are indirectly protected in connection with environmental conservation or ecosystem conservation, including by the Natural Environmental Conservation Act. The legal system that approaches the concept of island forest as a different concept rather than that of a collective is needed, as most of the current forest-related laws are applied to develop, use, preserve, and manage forests and mountainous areas. As a measure to improve the legal system for the management of island forests, first, it is intended to suggest a plan to revise the current laws and regulations and to enact the Act on the Conservation and Management of Forests on Islands (tentative name). The revision (proposal) of the current law is the easiest improvement plan by revising only the regulations to create forest resources, protect forests, and strengthen budgets, mainly for forest management in the island areas. The plan to enact the Act on the Conservation and Management of Forests in Island Areas (tentative name) may make the authority of the management of island forests clearer, so that no conflict between ministries may occur. Through this, it will be possible to secure the effectiveness of island forest management and to secure the necessity of the Forest Service to take responsibility for the systematic management of forests in the island areas.

Comparative study of forest biomass and carbon stocks of Margalla Hills National Park, Pakistan

Qasim Mohammad,Csaplovics Elmar 한국산림과학회 2023 Forest Science And Technology Vol.19 No.3

Forests can play an important role in climate change mitigation. However, limited information is available worldwide regarding forest carbon and biomass stocks. Financial mechanisms such as ‘reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation and the role of conservation of forest carbon, sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks’ (REDD+) also emphasize the quantification of forest biomass and carbon. This study aimed to estimate the forest biomass in two forests of Margalla Hills National Park (MHNP): Sub-tropical Chir Pine Forest (SCPF) and Sub-tropical Broadleaved Evergreen Forest (SBEF). For this, circular sampling plots of a 20 m radius were used for the collection of the variables, “diameter at breast height (DBH) and height”. Statistical analysis was done for exploring regression relationships between the variables. We found a mean Aboveground Carbon (AGC) of 73.36 ± 32.55 Mg C ha−1 in SCPF and a mean AGC of 16.88 ± 25.81 Mg C ha−1 in SBEF. The mean Aboveground Biomass (AGB) for SCPF was recorded as 146.73 ± 65.11 Mg ha−1, while for SBEF it was 33.77 ± 51.63 Mg ha−1. It was therefore concluded that the SCPF had higher mean AGB and mean AGC than the SBEF. Similar differences were also noticed in the structural characteristics of the two forests. These could be valuable information while designing sustainable management plans and afforestation programmes for the future and also for accessing nature-based funding such as REDD+.

충남 외연도 산림관리를 위한 지역주민의 인식 분석

이호상 ( Lee Ho-sang ),현창석 ( Hyun Chang-seok ),정수영 ( Jung Su-young ),이광수 ( Lee Kwang-soo ),강경식 ( Kang Kyeong-sik ),김용구 ( Kim Yong-gu ) 한국도서(섬)학회 2020 韓國島嶼硏究 Vol.32 No.2

Forests account for the largest portion of Korea's terrain and have a significant impact on human life. In particular, it is imperative that forests, which account for 64 percent of the country, should be cultivate and managed into a sustainable future home for life. In addition, forests in the island areas show their value as places of economic activity and environmental resources for local residents. The Korea Forest Service is promoting forest conservation projects in the island areas for forest management, but the scope of the project is very narrow due to budget limitations. In addition, there is a lack of plans for forest management in the island areas where local residents participate. This study analyzed the awareness of local forests and the importance-satisfaction correlation of forest projects for forest management in which local residents participate. With the residents on Oeyundo, the interest and importance of forests in the island area increased. According to the survey, the local residents' use of island forests was found to be 48.9% for hobbies (walking, hiking etc.), 19.1% for picking wild herbs and plants, and 14.9% for general forest recreation and healing. It was used as a space for recreational culture and healing using forest resources(63.8%). The island residents are not satisfied(2.87) with the use of forests, and the preservation of forests in the island area is very important and recognized(72.3%) in improving the value of the island. The island residents recognized that the local governments had insufficient resources and funding to cope with forest protection in the island area(46.8%), and recognized the seriousness of the forest crisis in the island area (57.5%). The importance-satisfaction value of forest projects showed significant difference, and all of them showed positive(+) values and satisfaction was lower than importance. As a result of analyzing the IPA diagonal model, the “Keep UP the Good Work” area includes 'mountaineering trails and dulle-gil'. The ‘Concentrate Here’ area includes 'forest tending operation', 'recreational forest', 'prevention of forest disaster', and the 'conservation and management of forest ecological system'. There is no classification in the ‘Low Priority’ area, and the ‘Possible Overkill’ area includes 'afforestation of forest resources' and 'regional specialization using forest resources'. The results of this study suggest the necessity of promoting forest projects in the island areas by reflecting the opinions of local residents.

치유의 숲 산림명상공간 인자의 중요도와 만족도

정경미,신원섭 한국환경생태학회 2023 한국환경생태학회지 Vol.37 No.4

Although many studies have been conducted on techniques and effects that can be applied to forest meditation in domestic forest healing meditation research, there has been little research on the space where forest meditation takes place. Nevertheless, a meditation space is not just a place concept but a forest environment element responsible for the healing function of a forest, i.e., a place containing healing factors, and can be an essential clue to the healing mechanism. Therefore, to determine whether a healing forest meditation space is suitable for meditation, this study selected the attribute items of the meditation space using the Delphi expert survey and then surveyed the user satisfaction of the healing forest meditation space using the IPA (Importance Performance Analysis) technique. The survey was conducted from August to November 2022, targeting 315 adults who used the forest meditation space at the National Center for Forest Therapy, the Saneum Healing Forest, and the Jathyanggi Pureunsup Arboretum in Gyeonggi Province. The result of the IPA analysis showed the average satisfaction with the forest meditation space was relatively high at 4.33 points on a 5-point Likert scale (4.33 points for the National Center for Forest Therapy, 4.34 points for the Saneum Healing Forest, and 4.37 points for the Jathyanggi Pureunsup Arboretum), indicating that the three healing forest meditation spaces were suitable for forest meditation. Satisfaction with the “Sounds of nature” was high in all three forests. On the other hand, all three forests showed a relatively low satisfaction with “Quietness,” indicating it to be a priority problem to be addressed. Also, an open-ended questionnaire survey showed that the mediation space’s natural elements, such as natural sounds, scenery, air, forest spaces, and scents, had a higher positive impact on meditation satisfaction than artificial elements, such as facilities. Therefore, it is essential to secure sound resources such as the sound of water and birds around the meditation space, and it is also necessary to consider ways to create a meditation forest in an independent area to avoid encounters with visitors and allow only participants in the forest healing meditation program to enter to increase satisfaction with forest meditation. 국내 산림치유명상연구에 있어 산림명상에 적용할 수 있는 기법과 효과에 대한 연구들은 많이 진행되어 왔지만 산림명상이 이루어지는 공간에 대한 연구는 거의 이루어지지 않았다. 그럼에도 불구하고 명상공간은 단순한 장소적 개념이 아니라 산림의 ‘치유’기능을 담당하고 있는 산림환경요소 즉, 치유인자를 담고 있는 곳으로 치유메커니즘을 밝히는 중요한 단서가 될 수 있다. 이에 본 연구는 치유의 숲 산림명상공간이 명상에 적합한 공간인지 알아보고자 델파이 전문가 설문조사(Delphi Expert Survey Method)로 명상공간의 속성항목을 선정 한 후, IPA기법(Importance Performance Analysis)을 활용하여 치유의 숲 산림명상 공간 이용자의 만족도를 설문 조사하였다. 설문은 국립산림치유원과 산음 치유의 숲, 경기도 잣향기 푸른숲에서 산림명상공간을 이용한 일반성인 315명을 대상으로 2022년 8월부터 11월까지 진행하였다. IPA분석 결과 산림명상공간의 만족도 평균은 5점 리커트 척도에 4.33점(국립산림치유원 4.33점, 산음 치유의 숲 4.34점, 잣향기 푸른숲 4.37점)으로 높게 나타나 세 곳 치유의 숲 명상공간은 산림명상에 적합하게 조성되어 있다고 판단된다. 세 숲 모두 ‘자연의 소리’에 대한 만족도가 매우 높게 나타났다. 반면 세 숲 모두 ‘고요함’의 만족도가 상대적으로 낮게 나타나 우선적으로 해결해야 할 문제로 나타났다. 또 개방형설문 결과 자연의 소리, 경관, 공기, 숲 공간, 향기 등 명상공간의 자연요소가 시설과 같은 인공요소보다 명상 만족도에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 산림명상의 만족도를 높이기 위해 명상 공간 주변에 물소리 새소리 등의 소리자원을 확보하는 것이 중요하고, 방문객과의 조우를 피하는 독립된 공간에 ‘명상 숲’을 따로 조성하여 산림치유명상 프로그램 참여자만 입장하는 방법 등을 고려해 볼 필요가 있다.

Mapping forest functions using GIS in Selenge Province, Mongolia

Ochirsukh Badarch,곽두안,최성호,Khitlaxay Kokmila,변재균,유성진,이우균 한국산림과학회 2011 Forest Science And Technology Vol.7 No.1

Most Mongolian forest areas are located in the northern part of Mongolia. Forest resources are vitally important for rural livelihood and local businesses that rely on timber and other forest products. In addition, forest landscapes serve to maintain fresh water supply, stabilize soil and permafrost and provide diverse habitats for wildlife. With effective forest management, it can also provide a secure supply of forest products that could meet the demands of Mongolia’s growing population. Promoting forest management has been identified as a key priority by the Government of Mongolia. Forest function is essential for sustainable forest management. This study presents the process for classifying forest functions with the use of criteria stipulated in the forest laws in 1995 and 2007. Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to classify and produce forest function maps. Forest functions were classified into three classes as strictly protected forest, protected forest and production forest, according to the forest law of 1995. The new forest law which was enacted in 2007 has zoned forest into two main forest functions as protected forest and production forest. The area of the final two forest functions increased by the same ratio (21%) due to the change in the law criteria. These functions will be linked with forest management planning, which will improve the forestry of Selenge province in Mongolia.