The Effect of Receiving Forestry Subsidies on Forestry Income and Economic Surplus of Forestry Household

Heesun Lim,Kyungsoo Nam,Byeong-il Ahn 한국농업경제학회 2021 農業經濟硏究 Vol.62 No.3

In this paper, the effect of receiving various forestry subsidies on the forestry income and economic surplus of forestry households is evaluated using the Propensity Score Matching(PSM) method. The results indicate that the four types of forestry subsidies, which are public, small-scale, and two individual small-scale support programs, have positive effects on both the forestry income and economic surplus of forestry households. The effects of the two individual small-scale support programs are estimated to outweigh the effects of small-scale support programs on forestry income and economic surplus. It can be interpreted that the support program of eco-friendly forest product cultivation management, which is a fertilizer support program, have a large marginal effect that can have a direct effect on crop production. Unlike the support program of infrastructure construction that has a long-term effect, the effect of the support program of forest product commercialization is analyzed to be evident in the short term.

개혁개방이후 베트남 경제의 고용결정요인분석

유일선(Il-Seon Yoo),송희준(Hee-Joon Song) 한국무역연구원 2011 무역연구 Vol.7 No.2

The developing countries have a lot of dormant resources, attempting the take-off of economic growth. The theory of 'vent for surplus' and Lewis model provide a good cornerstones to analyze the effect of export and FDI on economic growth and employment. This paper attempts to do empirical test to figure out what factor is significant as the determinant of Vietnamese employment. For this test, the estimation equations are derived from the Cobb-Douglas production function. The results are that the domestic production affects the most positive employment, compared to FDI and export. Like general expectation, export does have an substantial effect on employment in Vietnam. It is also found that the absorption of technology through export is lower than that of FDI in terms of the effect of technology on employment. So it is suggested that the employment policy should be shifted toward the absorption of technology by using FDI rather than by promoting simple processing industry for export. to sustain employment and economic growth.

경제학으로서의 마르크스 경제학 - 류동민 『정치경제학 강의노트』

박현웅 경상대학교 사회과학연구원 2022 마르크스주의 연구 Vol.19 No.3

This article reviews Dong-Min Rieu's recent work, Lecture Notes on Political Economy, to pursue a constructive relation between Marxian and modern economics. It consists of three parts. First, regarding Rieu's characterization of political economy as a counter-discourse to mainstream economics, I suggest that it is important to expand upon that insight and rephrase Marx's still valid insights on the capitalist economy—which he explained using 19th century language—by using the tools of contemporary economics. Second, based on Rieu's explanation of fictitious capital, I show, as an example, how it can be further analyzed and enriched with the help of contemporary economic theories. Third, by refering to Rieu's other related papers, I discuss the hidden assumption of his presentation of the estimation of rates of surplus value at the industry level. 마르크스 경제학과 현대경제학의 건설적 관계 추구라는 관점에서 류동민의 최근작 『정치경제학 강의노트』(충남대학교출판문화원, 2022)를 살펴보는 본 서평논문은 세 부분으로 구성된다. 첫 째, 저자는 정치경제학을 주류경제학의 대항담론으로 규정하는데, 본 논문은 여기서 한 걸음 더 나아가 마르크스가 19세기 문법으로 설명한, 그러나 여전히 유효한 자본주의 경제에 대한 그의 통찰을 현대경제학의 언어로 풀어내는 것의 중요성을 강조한다. 둘 째, 이에 따라 저자가 소개하는 가공자본을 예로 이 개념이 현대 금융이론의 도움으로 어떻게 정교화 될 수 있는지 시론적 논의를 제시한다. 셋 째, 저자가 책에서 소개한 자신의 연구성과 중 하나인 산업별 잉여가치율 계산에서 숨겨진 가정을, 저자의 다른 논문과의 연관 속에서 논의한다.

국제경제 ; 중국경제의 고용결정요인분석

유일선 ( Il Seon Yoo ) 국제지역학회 2011 국제지역연구 Vol.15 No.2

개도국이 경제성장을 시도할 때 일반적으로 유휴생산요소들이 존재한다. 이런 상황에서 수출, FDI와 내수생산이 고용증가에 미치는 영향에 대해 중요한 경제적 함의를 Myint(1958)의 잉여분출설과 Lewis(1954)모형은 제공한다. 이 논문은 이 두 이론을 바탕으로 하여 수출과 FDI를 통해서 빠른 경제성장을 이룩하고 있는 중국경제에 적용하여 수출, FDI와 내수생산이 고용에 미치는 효과에 대해서 실증분석 하였다. 먼저 Cobb-Douglas생산함수를 통해 추정방정식을 유도하여 첫째 수출, FDI와 내수생산이 고용이 미치는 효과, 둘째 수출과 FDI증가가 기술습득을 촉진하고 이것이 노동생산성향상을 통해 고용을 촉진하는 효과를 추정하였다. 추정결과 중국은 내수생산이 고용효과가 가장 컸고 그 다음 FDI였으며 수출은 그다지 큰 고용효과가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 기술습득에 의한 고용효과는 수출보다는 FDI가 더 실질적인 것으로 나타났다. 이제 중국은 고용을 창출하여 내부불균형문제를 해결하기 위해서는 수출보다는 유입된 FDI를 내수생산에 활용하는 것이 더 유효하리라고 판단된다. The developing countries have a lot of dormant resources, attempting the take-off of economic growth. The theory of ``vent for surplus`` and Lewis model provide a good cornerstones to analyze the effect of export, FDI and domestic production on employment. This paper attempts to do empirical test to figure out what factor is significant as the determinant of Chinese employment. For this test, the estimation equations are derived from the Cobb-Douglas production function. The results are that the domestic production affects the most positive employment, compared to FDI and export. Unlikely general expectation, export doesn`t have an substantial effect on employment in China. It is also found that the absorption of technology through export is lower than that of FDI in terms of the effect of technology on employment. So it is suggested that the employment policy should be shifted toward the increase of domestic production by using FDI rather than by promoting export industry. to reduce the internal imbalance.

The Paradox and Pitfall in an Analytical Approach to China’s Politics and Economics and The New Perspective

이응권(Eung-Kweon Lee) 한국통상정보학회 2007 통상정보연구 Vol.9 No.1

최근 몇 년,동안 많은 경제전문가와 학자들은 중국의 빠른 경제성장 출현이 세계의 정치와 경제에 중요한 이슈가 될 것이라고 예견해 왔다. 중국의 급속한 성장을 주요한 문제로 받아 들이 면서 급성장에 기여한 요인들과 향후 중국의 경제성장 정책방향에 대하여 주의 깊게 분석하여 연구하기 시작하였다. 이것은 놀라운 일이 아니라는 것을 이 논문을 통해서 이해하게 될 것이다. 경제성장 요인으로는 해외직접투자 (FDI),수출 그리고 경제개혁이 가장 중요한 요인으로 밝혀졌으며, FDI는 자동차와 운수장비, 전력장치와 가전분야에 집중 되었으며 이는 경제 성장뿐만 아니라 선진국과의 격차 해소에 필수적인 기술집약적인 분야에 집중투자 함으로서 세계 수출입 시장으로의 원동력이 되고 수출입의 증가로 인해 많은 외환의 비축을 촉진시키게 되었다. 본고에서는 다음의 내용을 소재로 중국경제 정책의 방향을 중점 연구하였다. 1. 중국의 경제성장과 발전의 중요한원동력이 무엇이며 향후에도 과거와 같은 경제성장 이 지속 될 것이며 또 얼마동안 지속될 것이냐? 2. 중국의 경제 성장이 원자재의 품귀와 가격상승으로 원자재 시장을 교란시켜 왔는데 과잉 외환보유를 해소하기 위해 정부 주도의 원유 및 전략물자와 기술도입의 확대 등. 3. 중국 경제에서 과다 외환보유로 인한 리스크 증가에도 불구하고 민간부분의 자율외환시장 기능 확대와 향후에도 정부주도형 외환관리와 경제정책 시스템을 유지 등. The sudden emergence of China as a superpower in world politics and economics is apparently a big surprise. This, however, is not an unusual incident. As far as the Chinese are concerned, they say that China is simply running almost the same track that its neighboring countries. In the recent years, a number of experts and scholars have expected that the emergence of China as a great economic power will be argued as a major issue in world politics and economics. So its economic progress will require experts and scholars to watch carefully how China is going to change. It certainly has created an atmosphere that most of the world leaders, experts and scholars are very concerned about China’s remarkable performance in its economics and then willing to accept China’s rapid growth as an urgent matter. Many experts and scholars began to analyze carefully the factors that have contributed to the rapid growth. Foreign direct investment (FDI), import-export, and economic reform were then listed as the most important factors. As a result, philosophy of economics, analytical economics, and economics are immediately needed for China who is at the moment very anxious to sustain the stable and continuity of rapid economic growth. But unfortunately China does not even recognize the reason why they need to adopt these economic concepts and methods.

공업용수의 소비자 잉여와 경제적 가치 추정

어승섭,유승훈 국토연구원 2010 국토연구 Vol.65 No.-

Industrial water used in the production process as a productive factor raises the economic value. That is, Industrial water is essential element. Therefore, in order to smooth industrial activity investment for water supply must be proceeded effectively. In terms of decision-making related to this, the economic value of the industrial water is used essentially. This study attempts to estimate the consumer surplus and economic value of industrial water for eleven sectors. In this process, information for the price elasticity of demand is based on industry survey data and demand function approach. As a result, the price elasticity of industrial water are all significant at 1% level or 5% level and the price elasticity of industrial water were all negative. Using this result, the consumer surplus in 2009 is estimated as 262 to 385 won per ㎥. Meanwhile, the economic value in 2009 is computed as 985 to 1,241 won per ㎥. The result of this study is containing more reasonable results than the other cases. Also, the economic value of industrial water that is still lacked in the case of the domestic study is identified specifically. That is, through this study, the fact that industrial water supply provide consumer with the considerable economic value and the consumer surplus is confirmed. 공업용수는 생산과정에서 쓰이는 용수로서 생산요소로서의 역할을 통해 경제적 가치를 발생시키는 필수적인 투입요소다. 따라서 원활한 산업활동을 위해서는 용수공급을 위한 투자가 효율적으로 이루어지지 않으면 안 되며, 이와 관련된 의사결정에 있어서 공업용수의 경제적 가치는 필수적으로 이용된다. 이에 본 연구에서는 우리나라 공업용수 공급의 산업별 소비자 잉여 및 경제적 가치를 추정하였다. 이 과정에서 요구되는 가격탄력성에 대한 정보는 산업총조사 자료를 활용하여 직접 수요함수를 추정함으로써 해결하였다. 그 결과 공업용수의 가격탄력성은 모두 1% 및 5% 수준에서 유의한 값이 도출되었으며, 모두 음의 값을 나타내었다. 이를 활용하여 추정된 2009년의 소비자 잉여는 ㎥당 262원에서 385원에 달하였다. 한편 2009년의 경제적 가치는 ㎥당 985원에서 1,241원에 달하는 것으로 분석되었다. 이 결과는 타 연구사례보다 합리적인 결과를 담고 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 또한 국내 연구사례에서는 아직 부족한 공업용수의 산업별 경제적 가치를 구체적으로 확인하였다. 정리하자면, 본 연구를 통해 공업용수 공급이 수용가들에게 적지 않은 소비자 잉여와 경제적 가치를 제공하고 있음을 확인하였다.

The Economic Value of Residential Electricity Consumption in Seoul

Seung-Hoon Yoo,Seungryul Lee 한국에너지학회 2012 에너지공학 Vol.21 No.1

Electricity is the basic building block of economic development, and constitutes one of the vital infra-structural inputs in socio-economic development. The demand for electricity has been increasing due to extensive urbanization, industrialization, and a rise in the standard of living, as is the case with residential electricity consumption. This paper attempts to estimate the consumer surplus and the economic value of the residential consumption of electricity in Seoul to assist in decision-making in electricity management. The estimated consumer surplus represents the value of the area under the demand curve, above the actual price that is paid for residential electricity consumption. The estimated annual consumer surplus and economic value for the year 2005 amount to 2,144.7 and 3,727.4 billion won, respectively. The estimates per kWh were 184.9 and 316.0 won, respectively, which imply that the consumer surplus and the economic value of residential electricity consumption significantly outweigh the average price of electricity in 2005 of 91.1 won per kWh.

The Economic Value of Residential Electricity Consumption in Seoul

Yoo, Seung-Hoon,Lee, Seung-Ryul The Korean Society for Energy 2012 에너지공학 Vol.21 No.1

Electricity is the basic building block of economic development, and constitutes one of the vital infra-structural inputs in socio-economic development. The demand for electricity has been increasing due to extensive urbanization, industrialization, and a rise in the standard of living, as is the case with residential electricity consumption. This paper attempts to estimate the consumer surplus and the economic value of the residential consumption of electricity in Seoul to assist in decision-making in electricity management. The estimated consumer surplus represents the value of the area under the demand curve, above the actual price that is paid for residential electricity consumption. The estimated annual consumer surplus and economic value for the year 2005 amount to 2,144.7 and 3,727.4 billion won, respectively. The estimates per kWh were 184.9 and 316.0 won, respectively, which imply that the consumer surplus and the economic value of residential electricity consumption significantly outweigh the average price of electricity in 2005 of 91.1 won per kWh.

The Economic Value of Residential Electricity Consumption in Seoul

유승훈,이승률 한국에너지학회 2012 에너지공학 Vol.21 No.1

Electricity is the basic building block of economic development, and constitutes one of the vital infra-structural inputs in socio-economic development. The demand for electricity has been increasing due to extensive urbanization, industrialization, and a rise in the standard of living, as is the case with residential electricity consumption. This paper attempts to estimate the consumer surplus and the economic value of the residential consumption of electricity in Seoul to assist in decision-making in electricity management. The estimated consumer surplus represents the value of the area under the demand curve, above the actual price that is paid for residential electricity consumption. The estimated annual consumer surplus and economic value for the year 2005 amount to 2,144.7 and 3,727.4 billion won, respectively. The estimates per kWh were 184.9and 316.0 won, respectively, which imply that the consumer surplus and the economic value of residential electricity consumption significantly outweigh the average price of electricity in 2005 of 91.1 won per kWh.

슘페터의 企業家ㆍ革新ㆍ經濟發展의 理論에 관한 硏究

邊相眞 成均館大學校 韓國産業硏究所 1995 韓國經濟 Vol.22 No.-

본 논문은 기업가에 의한 혁신의 관철, 은행의 신용창조 및 경제발전에 관한 슘페터의 이론을 비판적으로 고찰하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 슘페터는 경제발전을 설명함에 있어서 먼저 발전이 존재하지 않은 순환과정에 있는 正常的인 경제상태로부터 출발한다. 이 상태에서는 모든 생산요소는 현존의 소비자 욕망을 충족시키기 ㅎ휘한 생산에 고용되며, 와전경쟁하에서는 생산물의 가치는 그 비용과 일치하여 가치초과, 즉 가치잉여가 존재하지 않는다. 또 경제에는 내부로부터 경제를 변화시키려는 자발적인 어떠한 요인도 존재하지 않는다. 이러한 경제에 기업가가 革新 혹은 新結合을 도입할 때 경제발전이 존재한다고 슘페터는 주장한다. 기업가는 혁신을 관철하기 위하여 필요로 하는 생산수단을 순환과정으로부터 탈취해야 하는데, 이것을 위해서 그는 구매력을 필요로 한다. 이러한 구매력이 은행의 신용창조에 의하여 기업가에서 제공되는 것이 자본주의 경제형태를 다른 경제형태로부터 구별짓는 격차라고 슘페터는 보았다. 혁신의 관철에 의하여 기업가는 이윤을 획득하게 되고, 이 이윤에서 이자가 지불된다. 슘페터는 혁신의 관철에 의해 야기되는 자본주의 경제발전은 波動運動의 형태를 취하여 전개된다고 보는 그의 경기순환이론을 전개하였다. This paper aims to critically review J.A. Sdhumpeter's theory of economic development of capetalist economy expounded in his Theorie der wirtchafilichen Entwicklung 1912 and Business Cycles: A Theoritical, Historical, and Statistical Analysis of the Capitalist Process 1939. Schumpeter postulates a circular flow of economic life, an economy in a stationary equlibrium. All economic acrivity in the model is essentially repetitive: Every firm is in a perfect competitive stationary equlibrium, with its costs, sum of wages and rents, exactly equal to its receipts. Profits are zero. Interest rates are zero too. Full employment of all resources is assumed. And there is no autonomous economic force which transforms capitalist economy. Into this system of stationary circular fow the following five catefories of innovations or new combinations are introduced: (1) The introduction of a new good. (2) The introdution of a new method of production. (3) The opening of a new market. (4) The conquest of a new source of supply of raw materials or half-manufactured good. (5) The carrying out of the new prganization of an industry or the breaking up of a monopoly position. Any one who carries out innovation is called entrepreneur, and a firm which embodies it is called enterprise. However, by nature entrepreneur does not own any resources needed to carry out his or her innovation. Innovation is financed by credit ad hoc created by banks solely for this purpose. With created bank credits entrepreneurs can enter into the resource market to outbid circular flow producers. Schumpeter notes that "To provide this credit is clearly the function of that category of individuals which we call "capitalist". It is obvious that this is the characteristic method of the capitalist society-and important enough to serve as its differentia specifica-for forcing the economic system is a new channel". With introduction of innovations entrepreneurs make profits. Interest is paid out of profits. Thus interest is a monetary phenomenon linked to the carrying out of innovation. The role of bank, credit, interest and capital will get their true meaning only when they are put in the context of deelopment process. So we can conclude that Shcumpeter's theory of entrepreneur constitutes a cor of economic theory which can explain the process of capetalist economic development in contrast to Marxian economic theory which assgns the central role of explaining the capitalist economic transformation to capitalist motivation for exploitation of maximum surplus value or profits.