Generating Traffic Safety Test Scenarios for Automated Vehicles using a Big Data Technique

서재현,박인선,위정란,박상민,윤일수 대한토목학회 2019 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.23 No.6

This study proposes a Big Data technique-based crash scene re-construction method in order to provide a systematic and effectiveway of developing critical traffic safety test scenarios for automated vehicles. It is widely understood that crashes occur throughconflicts between road users and unsafe traffic conditions. Crash data are thus a useful resource to capture unsafe traffic conditions. Nevertheless, in practice many of the automated vehicle traffic test scenarios have been developed based on engineer’s judgment oraggregated crash statistics and studies, because crash data are too abundant to be comprehensively investigated. The proposed Big Data technique-based method provides the following innovations in developing automated vehicle test scenarios: abundant crash data can be investigated at once and in a short period of time using a text-weight analysis, which is one of the representative Big Data analytics; a comprehensive set of automated vehicle test scenarios can be developed by taking all significant words that frequently appear in crash descriptions into consideration; and the method can even be flexible in terms of capturing significant words by excluding or including specific words and setting a threshold of the word frequency. This proposed Big Data technique-based method is validated in comparison with the resulting test scenarios from a manual investigation of crash data, and it was found that 14 of a total of 18 scenarios correspond to the scenarios from manual investigation and the other four scenarios are additionally derived by the proposed approach. With these innovations in mind, the Big Data technique-based method proposed in this study is not only a systematic and practical approach but also leads to the development of a comprehensive set of automated vehicle test scenarios, by comprehensively taking into consideration significant words of crash descriptions, which should be carefully considered in developing automated vehicle test scenarios.

틸팅열차의 샌드위치 복합재 차체 구조물에 대한 충돌안전도 평가 및 향상방안 연구

장형진 ( Hyung Jin Jang ),신광복 ( Kwang Bok Shin ),한성호 ( Sung Ho Han ) 한국복합재료학회 2011 Composites research Vol.24 No.5

본 논문은 샌드위치 복합재 틸팅열차의 충돌안전도 평가 및 성능 향상방안에 대해 서술하고 있다. 차체 구조물에 적용된 샌드위치 복합재는 알루미늄 하니컴 심재와 유리섬유 및 카본/에폭시 적층 복합재 면재로 이루어져있다. 충돌해석은 외연유한 요소 해석 프로그램인 LS-DYNA3D를 이용하였다. 이때, 유한요소모델링과 충돌해석 계산시간의 절약을 위하여 3차원 유한요소모델과 1차원 등가 모델을 적용하였다. 틸팅열차의 충돌 조건은 철도안전법에 명시하고 있는 4가지 충돌사고 시나리오를 고려하여 해석을 수행하였다. 충돌해석 결과 시나리오-2를 제외한 나머지 충돌 시나리오에서 성능 요구조건을 만족하였다. 충돌 시나리오-2의 충돌안전도 요구조건을 충족하기 위하여 전두부의 적층복합재 커버와 금속프레임의 강성 향상방안을 제안하였으며, 결과적으로 충돌 시나리오-2의 요구조건을 만족하였다. This paper describes the crashworthiness evaluation and performance improvement of tilting train made of sandwich composites. The applied sandwich composite of carbody structure was composed of aluminum honeycomb core and glass/epoxy & carbon/epoxy laminate composite facesheet. Crashworthiness analysis of tilting train was carried out using explicit finite element analysis code LS-DYNA 3D. The 3D finite element model and 1D equivalent model were applied to save the finite element modeling and calculation time for crash analysis. The crash conditions of tilting train were conducted according to four crash scenarios of the Korean railway safety law. It found that the crashworthiness analysis results were satisfied with the performance requirements except the crash scenario-2. In order to meet the crashworthiness requirements for crash scenario-2, the stiffness reinforcement for the laminate composite cover and metal frames of cabmask structure was proposed. Consequentially, it has satisfied the requirement for crash scenario-2.

Crashworthiness Design and Evaluation on the Leading-cab Structure of Rolling Stock Using Topology Optimization

Hyun-Jun Kim,Hoon Cho,Hyun-Seung Jung,Tae-Soo Kwon,Myung-Won Suh 한국정밀공학회 2009 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.10 No.2

The leading cab of the rolling stock receives the greatest impact when frontal crashes occur. It has a complex structure due to the concentrated loads it must resist, and a need exists to enhance its performance while minimizing the weight of the cab. Therefore, during the design phase, the optimal material arrangement to enhance structural capacity should be sought. Here, topology optimization is applied to the design of a protective shell frame to enhance crash energy absorption. The design performance during a crash is then compared with the original shell frame design. The crash analysis of this research is performed using a finite element model consisting of an optimized/initial protective shell frame. The frame is tested in an accident scenario (crash at 110 km/h against a movable rigid mass of 15 ton). The results of the crash analysis validate the use of topology optimization in the conceptual design phase.

A Quantitative Risk Assessment for Public Commercial Unmanned Aerial Systems

See Yeon Kim(김시연),Alfonsus Julanto Endharta(엔드하르타 알폰수스 주란토),Jongwoon Kim(김종운) 한국산학기술학회 2021 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.22 No.9

본 연구에서는 상업용 무인 항공 시스템(UAS, Unmanned Aircraft System) 운용 시 안전과 관련된 위험요인의 위험도 추정을 위한 문제 수목 분석에 기초한 정량적 위험도 평가 방법을 제안하였다. 문제 수목 분석의 기본은 결함 수목 분석(FTA, Fault Tree Analysis)과 사건 수목 분석(ETA, Event Tree Analysis)이다. UAS의 추락사고는 안전과 관련된 위험사건의 예로 본 논문에서 사용되었으며 추락을 발생시킬 수 있는 위험요인 중 하나의 위험요인의 원인을 나열하였다. 발생확률은 FTA를 통해 도출되며, 사고 결과는 ETA를 통해 분석된다. 무인 항공 시스템에서 발생할 수 있는 사고의 위험도 평가를 위한 절차를 제안하였으며, 운용 단계에서 운용하기 전에 사전 비행 위험도 평가 시 적용할 수 있다. UAS 통신 끊김(LOC, Loss of Communication)으로 인한 추락 사고가 예로 사용된다. UAS의 LOC은 추진 시스템 고장 또는 오작동, 날씨, 바람, 바람 전단 또는 난류, 차량 성능 저하 상태 및 전자파 간섭(EMI, electromagnetic interference)에 의해 발생할 수 있습니다. ETA에 대한 시나리오를 선정하고 사고의 치명도 또는 리스크를 분석한다. This study proposes a quantitative risk-assessment method based on problem tree analysis to estimate the safety-related hazard risk in the operation of a commercial unmanned aerial system (UAS). The basis of the problem tree analysis is Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) and Event Tree Analysis (ETA). A crash accident of a UAS was used as an example of a safety-related hazard, and the possible causes of the crash were listed. The occurrence probabilities were derived through FTA, while the consequences of the accident were analyzed through ETA. The risk of the crash accident was assessed, and the general procedure can be considered in a pre-flight risk assessment before operation. A crash accident due to aircraft loss of communication (LOC) was used as an illustration. Aircraft LOC can be caused by propulsion-system failure or malfunction, weather, wind, wind shear or turbulence, vehicle degradation, and electromagnetic interference (EMI). The scenarios for ETA were arranged, and the accident criticality was analyzed.

도로 인프라를 고려한 전기자동차 충돌안전 시험법 개발

홍승준,이종욱,김규현 사단법인 한국자동차안전학회 2024 자동차안전학회지 Vol.16 No.2

In this study, an analysis was conducted on internal and external factors related to fires in electric vehicles in order to improve the safety of electric vehicles against fire accidents. To conduct the analysis, field survey data conducted on actual electric vehicle fire accidents were used, and accident-related statistical data was used. Among them, as a result of analyzing the internal factors related to fire accidents in electric vehicles, it was confirmed that high-voltage batteries are an important factor in fire accidents caused by internal factors of electric vehicles. An analysis of external factors for fire accidents of electric vehicles was also conducted in this study. The largest number of electric vehicle accidents that occurred on public roads were mainly caused by physical external forces such as collisions. Therefore, strengthening the safety of this road infrastructure could be an additional solution to improve the fire safety of electric vehicles. As a result, based on car accident cases, two crash scenarios based on road infrastructure were derived, each of which simulates a high-speed frontal collision situation and a lower-end collision situation. Additionally, detailed test methods for these scenarios were developed.

필드 사고 분석을 통한 복합 충돌 대표 시나리오 선정

김성수(Sung soo Kim),홍석호(Seok ho Hong) 한국자동차공학회 2017 한국자동차공학회 학술대회 및 전시회 Vol.2017 No.11

조향/제동제어를 위한 인공지능 강화학습 연구

최장훈(JanghoonChoi) 한국자동차공학회 2022 한국자동차공학회 부문종합 학술대회 Vol.2022 No.6

[응용논문] 2020 교차로 안전 규제 대응을 위한 Test 시나리오에 관한 연구

이기원(Kiwon Lee),박만복(Manbok Park) 한국자동차공학회 2018 한국 자동차공학회논문집 Vol.26 No.5