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European 1: A globally important clonal complex of Mycobacterium bovis
Smith, N.H.,Berg, S.,Dale, J.,Allen, A.,Rodriguez, S.,Romero, B.,Matos, F.,Ghebremichael, S.,Karoui, C.,Donati, C.,Machado, A.d.C.,Mucavele, C.,Kazwala, R.R.,Hilty, M.,Cadmus, S.,Ngandolo, B.N.R.,Habt Elsevier Science 2011 Infection, genetics and evolution Vol.11 No.6
We have identified a globally important clonal complex of Mycobacterium bovis by deletion analysis of over one thousand strains from over 30 countries. We initially show that over 99% of the strains of M. bovis, the cause of bovine tuberculosis, isolated from cattle in the Republic of Ireland and the UK are closely related and are members of a single clonal complex marked by the deletion of chromosomal region RDEu1 and we named this clonal complex European 1 (Eu1). Eu1 strains were present at less than 14% of French, Portuguese and Spanish isolates of M. bovis but are rare in other mainland European countries and Iran. However, strains of the Eu1 clonal complex were found at high frequency in former trading partners of the UK (USA, South Africa, New Zealand, Australia and Canada). The Americas, with the exception of Brazil, are dominated by the Eu1 clonal complex which was at high frequency in Argentina, Chile, Ecuador and Mexico as well as North America. Eu1 was rare or absent in the African countries surveyed except South Africa. A small sample of strains from Taiwan were non-Eu1 but, surprisingly, isolates from Korea and Kazakhstan were members of the Eu1 clonal complex. The simplest explanation for much of the current distribution of the Eu1 clonal complex is that it was spread in infected cattle, such as Herefords, from the UK to former trading partners, although there is evidence of secondary dispersion since. This is the first identification of a globally dispersed clonal complex M. bovis and indicates that much of the current global distribution of this important veterinary pathogen has resulted from relatively recent International trade in cattle.
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Lee Gi Yong,Park Ji Heon,Lim Ji Hyun,Yang Soo-Jin 한국미생물·생명공학회 2023 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.51 No.1
Clonal complex (CC) 398 community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) has emerged worldwide in a variety of livestock animals and humans. We report complete genome sequences of Panton-Valentine leucocidin (PVL) and immune evasion cluster (IEC) gene-positive CC398 MRSA strains isolated from patients in Korea.
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Kim, Dokyun,Hong, Jun Sung,Yoon, Eun-Jeong,Lee, Hyukmin,Kim, Young Ah,Shin, Kyeong Seob,Shin, Jeong Hwan,Uh, Young,Shin, Jong Hee,Park, Yoon Soo,Jeong, Seok Hoon American Society for Microbiology 2019 Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Vol.63 No.11
<P>This study was performed to evaluate the clinical impacts of putative risk factors in patients with <I>Staphylococcus aureus</I> bloodstream infections (BSIs) through a prospective, multicenter, observational study. All 567 patients with <I>S. aureus</I> BSIs that occurred during a 1-year period in six general hospitals were included in this study. Host- and pathogen-related variables were investigated to determine risk factors for the early mortality of patients with <I>S. aureus</I> BSIs.</P><P>This study was performed to evaluate the clinical impacts of putative risk factors in patients with <I>Staphylococcus aureus</I> bloodstream infections (BSIs) through a prospective, multicenter, observational study. All 567 patients with <I>S. aureus</I> BSIs that occurred during a 1-year period in six general hospitals were included in this study. Host- and pathogen-related variables were investigated to determine risk factors for the early mortality of patients with <I>S. aureus</I> BSIs. The all-cause mortality rate was 15.0% (85/567) during the 4-week follow-up period from the initial blood culture, and 76.5% (65/85) of the mortality cases occurred within the first 2 weeks. One-quarter (26.8%, 152/567) of the <I>S. aureus</I> blood isolates carried the <I>tst-1</I> gene, and most (86.2%, 131/152) of them were identified to be clonal complex 5 <I>agr</I> type 2 methicillin-resistant <I>S. aureus</I> (MRSA) strains harboring staphylococcal cassette chromosome <I>mec</I> type II, belonging to the New York/Japan epidemic clone. A multivariable logistic regression showed that the <I>tst-1</I> positivity of the causative <I>S. aureus</I> isolates was associated with an increased 2-week mortality rate both in patients with <I>S. aureus</I> BSIs (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.62; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.90 to 2.88) and in patients with MRSA BSIs (aOR, 2.61; 95% CI, 1.19 to 6.03). Two host-related factors, an increased Pitt bacteremia score and advanced age, as well as a pathogen-related factor, carriage of <I>tst-1</I> by causative MRSA isolates, were risk factors for 2-week mortality in patients with BSIs. Careful management of patients with BSIs caused by the New York/Japan epidemic clone is needed to improve clinical outcomes.</P>
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Yu-Rim Song,In Sun Hwang,Chang-Sik Oh 한국식물병리학회 2020 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.36 No.1
Acidovorax citrulli causes bacterial fruit blotch in Cucurbitaceae, including watermelon. Although A. citrulli is a seed-borne pathogen, it can cause diverse symptoms in other plant organs like leaves, stems and fruits. To determine the infection routes of A. citrulli, we examined the virulence of six isolates (Ac0, Ac1, Ac2, Ac4, Ac8, and Ac11) on watermelon using several inoculation methods. Among six isolates, DNA polymorphism reveals that three isolates Ac0, Ac1, and Ac4 belong to Clonal Complex (CC) group II and the others do CC group I. Ac0, Ac4, and Ac8 isolates efficiently infected seeds during germination in soil, and Ac0 and Ac4 also infected the roots of watermelon seedlings wounded prior to inoculation. Infection through leaves was successful only by three isolates belonging to CC group II, and two of these also infected the mature watermelon fruits. Ac2 did not cause the disease in all assays. Interestingly, three putative type III effectors (Aave_2166, Aave_2708, and Aave_3062) with intact forms were only found in CC group II. Overall, our results indicate that A. citrulli can infect watermelons through diverse routes, and the CC grouping of A. citrulli was only correlated with virulence in leaf infection assays.
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구선회,조혜현,성지연,권계철,임진숙 대한임상미생물학회 2011 Annals of clinical microbiology Vol.14 No.2
Background: Enterococcus faecium has emerged as an important nosocomial pathogen worldwide, and this trend has been associated with the dissemination of a genetic lineage designated clonal complex 17 (CC17). In the present study, characterization of the glycopeptide resistance mechanism, genetic relatedness, and pathogenicity in isolates of vancomycin-resistant E. faecium in the Chungcheong area were investigated. Methods: A total of 37 consecutive, non-duplicate, vancomycin-resistant E. faecium were isolated at three university hospitals in the Chungcheong area. The mechanism of glycopeptide resistance and pathogenicity factors were studied using PCR, and the genetic relatedness was determined via multilocus sequence type and esp repeat profile analysis. Additionally, the quinolone resistance-determining regions of parC and gyrA were sequenced to identify mutations involved in ciprofloxacin resistance. Results: Two genotypes of VRE were confirmed: VanAphenotype vanA genotype VRE (25 isolates) and VanB-phenotype vanA genotype VRE (12 isolates). MLST analysis revealed five sequence types. A significant result was that ST414 and CNS4 (4-1-1-1-1-1-1) were considered as belonging to CC17. The esp and hyl genes were found in 100% and 86.4% of the isolates, respectively. A total of 37 isolates showed genetic mutations in parC and gyrA. Conclusion: All isolated strains in the present study belonged to one of the CC17 genotypes including ST414 and CNS4 (4-1-1-1-1-1-1), which were not previously detected in Korea. The combination of MLST and the esp gene repeat profiles can be useful for genetic characterization of VREF isolates with regard to the evolutionary process and epidemiology of the clones.
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Takashi Takahashi,Tomohiro Fujita,Akiyoshi Shibayama,Yuzo Tsuyuki,Haruno Yoshida 대한진단검사의학회 2017 Annals of Laboratory Medicine Vol.37 No.4
Background: Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (SDSE; a β-hemolytic streptococcus of human or animal origin) infections are emerging worldwide. We evaluated the clonal distribution of complement-mediated cell lysis-like gene (sicG) among SDSE isolates from three central prefectures of Japan. Methods: Group G/C β-hemolytic streptococci were collected from three institutions from April 2014 to March 2016. Fifty-five strains (52 from humans and three from animals) were identified as SDSE on the basis of 16S rRNA sequencing data.; they were obtained from 25 sterile (blood, joint fluid, and cerebrospinal fluid) and 30 non-sterile (skin-, respiratory tract-, and genitourinary tract-origin) samples. emm genotyping, multilocus sequence typing, sicG amplification/sequencing, and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis of sicG-positive strains were performed. Results: sicG was detected in 30.9% of the isolates (16 human and one canine) and the genes from the 16 human samples (blood, 10; open pus, 3; sputum, 2; throat swab, 1) and one canine sample (open pus) showed the same sequence pattern. All sicG-harboring isolates belonged to clonal complex (CC) 17, and the most prevalent emm type was stG6792 (82.4%). There was a significant association between sicG presence and the development of skin/soft tissue infections. CC17 isolates with sicG could be divided into three subtypes by RAPD analysis. Conclusions: CC17 SDSE harboring sicG might have spread into three closely-related prefectures in central Japan during 2014–2016. Clonal analysis of isolates from other areas might be needed to monitor potentially virulent strains in humans and animals.
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OH, Sang-Ik,JEON, Albert Byungyun,JUNG, Byeong-Yeal,BYUN, Jae-Won,GOTTSCHALK, Marcelo,KIM, Aeran,KIM, Jong Wan,KIM, Ha-Young JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE 2017 The Journal of veterinary medical science Vol.79 No.4
<P><I>Streptococcus suis</I> is an important pig pathogen with potential for human transmission. The serotype distributions and phenotypic characteristics vary over time and among regions; however, little is known about the characteristics of <I>S. suis</I> isolates in Korea. In this study, 240 <I>S. suis</I> isolates collected from pigs in Korea in 2009–2010 were serotyped by coagglutination tests, subsequently screened for three virulence-associated genes (<I>mrp</I>, <I>epf</I> and <I>sly</I>) and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility. As for 80 isolates, the serotypes of which were relevant to human infections, clonal complexes (CCs) were further identified by PCR. Serotype 3 was the most prevalent (15.8%), followed by serotype 2 (15.0%), with geographical variation for each serotype. Overall, 55.4% of the isolates carried <I>mrp</I>, whereas only 3.8% carried <I>epf.</I> CC25 was the most prevalent (41.3%) and was related to serotypes 2 and 9. The isolates showed higher susceptibility to ampicillin (93.4%) and ceftiofur (90.8%) than to the other antimicrobial agents tested. The highest resistance rate was observed to tetracycline (98.0%), followed by erythromycin (88.8%). In addition, the resistance to certain antimicrobials was significantly associated, in part, with virulence-associated genes or serotypes. Therefore, continuous characterization of <I>S. suis</I> is essential for the benefit of veterinary and human medicine.</P>
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