한국인 영어 학습자의 이음 습득에 관한 연구

홍선영(Sunyoung Hong) 한국영미어문학회 2020 영미어문학 Vol.- No.139

The current study presents a study of the phonetics-phonology interface in the learning of the English allophonic variations by Korean learners of English. One of the interesting and noteworthy things in methodology is that the current study looked at the data obtained from distance learning environments due to COVID-19. When it comes to the acquisition of L2 phonological processing, it might be expected to be challenging to gain positive learning effects through distance learning. This motivated the researcher to investigate how much students could benefit from the distance learning with respect to English allophones. The results showed that the students did exhibit positive improvements in realization of English allophones through distance learning. Regardless of allophonic variations, the students were able to correctly produce English allophones more frequently after distance learning. One interesting finding was that alveolar stops were flapped significantly more frequently by female students than male students, which corresponds to the findings from native speakers of English in previous research.

Discrimination of the Korean phonological and phonetic contrasts by Japanese learners differing in Korean

Jeong-Im Han 한국음운론학회 2009 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.15 No.2

Studies in Phonetics, Phonology and Morphology 15.2. 361-373. The feature of aspiration is phonemic in Korean, but allophonic in Japanese, while the feature of voicing is allophonic in Korean, but phonemic in Japanese. Given the difference of sound system between Korean and Japanese, the present study examined how the Japanese learners of Korean perceived the Korean phonological and phonetic contrasts. This study also evaluated the task effect such as discrimination paradigms (AX vs. AXB) on the speech perception. The results of the discrimination tasks showed that Japanese learners were more successful in discrimination plain and aspirated stops than voiced and voiceless stops in Korean; and they showed great improvement in discrimination phonemes as their general proficiency of Korean increased. However, there was no significant improvement in the discrimination of allophones. These results suggest that even the feature which is used in L1 is perceived less successfully if it has no phonological function in the target language. It was also shown that discrimination is greatly affected by the discrimination paradigm. Similar to the results of previous literature, discrimination of the phonemic pairs was more successful in an AXB task, while that of the allophonic pairs was more successful in an AX task.(Konkuk University)

Comparison of consonantal allophony in Polish and Korean

Emilia Szalkowska 아시아중동부유럽학회 2012 동유럽발칸학 Vol.14 No.1

This article aims at a comparative study of consonantal allophony in Polish and Korean. It seems that in contrastive phonological research there is a need not only to show quantitative regularities in phonological inventories, e.g. phoneme \≠\ is present in x% of languages but also to show whether a feature (or a segment) is distinctive in given languages or appears only at the phonetic level, cf. phoneme \≠\ in Polish but only an allophone [≠] of the phoneme /n/ in Korean. Vowel allophony is not taken into consideration here as it is quite poor and most of modifications are the results of coarticulation. First, the phonological conditions for complementary and free variant allophony are given. Secondly, the most distinctive Polish and Korean allophones aredescribed. Thirdly, it is shown that there are various traditions in the description of allophony, as it is dealt with both by phoneticians and phonologists. Polish and Korean phonemes and their variants are compared in tables which contain also examples of the pronunciation of words containing these allophones. It is concluded that Korean unmarked phonemes exhibit stronger tendency to variability than marked ones and such variability it does not occur in Polish. An obstruent neighbored on both sides by vowels or sonorants can become voiced in Korean but it is not a universal tendency. Variability of Korean fortis and aspirated consonants as well as Polish (pre)palatal consonants is minimal. It is shown that selection of the main variant and norm can be quite hard (cf. complementary distribution of Korean [l]/[|]). Consonants: /Ç/, /t°Ç/ and \≠\ are separate phonemes in Polish but in Korean they are only the allophones of phonemes /s/, /t°S/ and /n/ respectively.

Allophony and Contrast in Speech Perception

한정임 한국언어학회 2009 언어 Vol.34 No.1

The present study examines the perceptual status of allophones to examine the interaction of the phonological knowledge and speech perception. With the use of Korean bilabial stops, phonemic, allophonic and two types of low-level phonetic pairs were generated, and their perception by Korean listeners was examined. Through a categorial AXB discrimination and similarity rating tasks, it was shown that phonemes are fully discriminated, while other categories are less. However, there were significant differences in similarity ratings between the tokens for an allophone pair and two identical tokens, suggesting that allophones are also discriminated by natives. Furthermore, perceptual discrimination of phonological and phonetic categories was shown to be influenced by lexicality and partly by episodic information such as token frequency. The relevance of the results to exemplar models is discussed.

Development of Simulator of Allophone of Motors for Automobiles

Ryo Kano,Hiroyasu Ohtake,Yoshifumi Morita,Makoto Iwasaki,Hiroyuki Ukai,Yasuhiko Mukai,Hideki Kabune,Norihisa Ito 제어로봇시스템학회 2011 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2011 No.10

Recently reduction of allophone of motors for automobiles has received a great deal of attention. For this background, the final goal of our research is to develop a simulator for transfer characteristics of allophone of motors in automobiles. In this paper at the preparation phase for the development of a simulator, we investigated the applicability of the transfer function synthesis method (TFSM) experimentally. Additionally, we examined some problems to be solved for practical use of the TFSM by using the finite element method (FEM). As a result, it was found that the derivation of the transfer functions H22 and H33 at the connecting point was difficult and that the modeling accuracy of H22 and H33 had a large influence on the modeling accuracy of the total transfer function H41_sim. Moreover, the method to improve the modeling accuracy was proposed on the basis of the results by FEM analysis. It was confirmed that we could apply the TFSM to the simple test body with the contact area by using the proposed method and the adjustment for damping coefficient of the transfer function obtained by the curve fitting technique (CFT).

한국인 영어학습자의 영어 무성치경폐쇄음의 이음 발음오류의 원인에 대한 연구

최영이 한국중원언어학회 2023 언어학연구 Vol.- No.68

This study suggests that the pronunciation errors that some Korean learners of English make for allophones of English voiceless alveolar stop /t/, are caused by a misapplication of the feature preservation constraints. One of the most noticeable errors Korean learners make is the aspirated [th]. Although the allophone [th] of English /t/ and Korean phoneme /th / have phonetically similar characteristics, they are phonologically in different statuses. The cause of this error is related to the phonotactics of the Korean language, which does not allow consonant clusters. That is to say, some Korean learners of English may apply the hierarchy of constraints in their native language to English, leading to errors in realizing allophones of /t/. The problem is that producing inappropriate allophones can lead to a communication failure. Therefore, I suggest the correct hierarchy of constraints that are supposed to be applied to English /t/, so that educators can refer to this study to help learners understand English allophones of /t/ correctly.

한, 중 자음 대조분석을 통한 난이도 위계 설정

냉리나 ( Lee Na Leng ),김정태 ( Jeong Tae Kim ) 충남대학교 인문과학연구소 2013 인문학연구 Vol.46 No.4

It is a well known fact that pronunciation is important in Korean education. No matter how precise you understand and use Korean vocabulary and grammar, incorrect pronunciation cannot deliver your words precisely. Like this, pronunciation is important to learners studying Korean. There has been much discussion to solve this problem in various aspects. This study sets Korean consonants in steps which Chinese learners find difficult according to Prator(1967)`s Hierarchy of difficulty based on Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis. This is setting the hierarchy of difficulty in consonants which Chinese people learning Korean have difficulty in. This is the previous step in seeking a Korean consonants pronunciation education plan in the end. The next step is verifying the set hierarchy of difficulty through a listening experiment and propose an adequate level of difficulty. For this, this study tried phasing in the allophone layer. Some allophones of Korean are equivalent to phonemes of Chinese. We set 33 allophones for 19 phonemes in Korean according to the place of articulation, manner of articulation, etc. and 28 allophones for 22 phonemes in Chinese. Prator(1967)`s Hierarchy of difficulty theory was applied based on this and the difficulty level was set in consonants when Chinese learners learn Korean. As a result, Chinese learners turned out to have most difficulty in distinguishing tenseness feature and lax plosives in tense consonants of Korean. Next to these were consonants with allophones from implosion, palatalization, etc. These belong to the difficult level as they are interpreted differently in Korean and Chinese. On the other hand, nasal, volced plosive and aspirated consonants belong to the easiest level. Affricate of aspiration, voiced affricate, and liquid also belong to a relatively easy level. The above results will become some of the standards in discussion for pronunciation education. One standard will be for clarifying how Chinese learners acquire Korean consonants pronunciation, predicting their mistakes and analyzing it. Another standard will be for finding an efficient pronunciation education plan. This may also become a mechanism to verify the validity of contrastive analysis hypothesis.

음운변동의 개념과 유형

이문규(Lee, Moon-kyu) 국어교육학회 2016 국어교육연구 Vol.60 No.-

This study attempts to define the concept of ‘phonological process’ and examine its types in modern Korean. With the definition and classification, thus, the status of phonological process in the linguistic system will be reviewed and the characteristic features will be illustrated more closely to the nature of the process. ‘Phonological process’ is a notion in phonology for allomorph realization process, known as ‘morphological alternation’ in morphology. It is a phonological phenomenon caused while phonological rules are working in the morphological process. This phenomenon needs to be clearly distinguished from ‘allophone process’ and ‘phonological change’. For ‘allophone process’ is a allophone realization process that occurs in the pure phonological part, and ‘phonological change’ is a process that restructure morphemes in the morphological part. Even though phonological rules cause both phonological process and morpheme restructuring process, however, the effects of phonological rules in each process are not identical. Phonological process is a synchronic procedure of a linguistic system, while morpheme restructuring process is a diachronic one. Phonological process needs to be examined with morpho-phonemic classification method. In this study, individual phonological processes of contemporary Korean are investigated with the concepts of ‘automaticity’, ‘regularity’, ‘essentiality’, morphological alteration. suggested as follow; Class I : + Regular, + automatic, + Universal, + Essential Class Ⅱ: + Regular, - automatic, + Universal, - Essential, Class Ⅲ: i) + Regular, -automatic, -Universal, + Essential ii) + Regular, -automatic, -Universal, + Essential, with no phonetic motive iii) + Regular, -automatic, -Universal, + Essential, with no generally categorized conditions

Allophony and Contrast in Speech Perception

Jeong-Im Han 한국언어학회 2009 언어 Vol.34 No.1

The present study examines the perceptual status of allophones to examine the interaction of the phonological knowledge and speech perception. With the use of Korean bilabial stops, phonemic, allophonic and two types of low-level phonetic pairs were generated, and their perception by Korean listeners was examined. Through a categorial AXB discrimination and similarity rating tasks, it was shown that phonemes are fully discriminated, while other categories are less. However, there were significant differences in similarity ratings between the tokens for an allophone pair and two identical tokens, suggesting that allophones are also discriminated by natives. Furthermore, perceptual discrimination of phonological and phonetic categories was shown to be influenced by lexicality and partly by episodic information such as token frequency. The relevance of the results to exemplar models is discussed.

Allophony and Contrast in Speech Perception

Han,Jeong-Im 한국언어학회 2009 언어 Vol.34 No.1

The present study examines the perceptual status of allophones to examine the interaction of the phonological knowledge and speech perception. With the use of Korean bilabial stops, phonemic, allophonic and two types of low-level phonetic pairs were generated, and their perception by Korean listeners was examined. Through a categorial AXB discrimination and similarity rating tasks, it was shown that phonemes are fully discriminated, while other categories are less. However, there were significant differences in similarity ratings between the tokens for an allophone pair and two identical tokens, suggesting that allophones are also discriminated by natives. Furthermore, perceptual discrimination of phonological and phonetic categories was shown to be influenced by lexicality and partly by episodic information such as token frequency. The relevance of the results to exemplar models is discussed.