창조교육 교수-학습의 발굴단계에 관한 연구

이용길(Lee Yong-gil) 창조교육학회 2013 창조교육논총 Vol.15 No.-

This study is about digging stage of teaching-learning in creative education. The digging stage of teaching-learning in creative education is involved in inquiry process. Digging stage, that is, is the stage of inquiry in a series of thinking process for learners' value creation. Digging stage is the stage that the specific problems to be solved in teaching-learning process are changed to reasonable and systematic ideas. Purposive and unifying ideas for new value are formed. At the digging stage, the experiences of creative work come into the individuality or characteristic of learner by the learner's actual activities. Zest for inquiry or yearning for knowledge of learner are basis of digging stage that is potential to the inner side of learner. The teaching-learning stimulating the inner side of learner forms thinking of digging. To form the thinking of digging, it should be considered that the nature of inquiry, the need of inquiry to be made by the learners for themselves, and the teaching-learning method for inquiry and the effect. Inquiry instruction for thinking of digging should be focused on cultivating intellectual capacity or functions of learners to recognize problems in given conditions or solve the given problems by scientific and logical methods. So, we can say that inquiry instruction is a type of instruction that an instructor encourages learners' active acts of inquiring. Thus, inquiry instruction places emphasis on encourage learners' inner digging, providing detailed guide so that they can make more serious inquiry. Digging stage of teaching-learning in creative education is one of the stages in teaching-learning course to make value creation through such inquiry instruction.

4차 산업혁명시대의 인재양성과 창조교육

이용길 ( Lee Yong-gil ) 창조교육학회 2017 창조교육논총 Vol.19 No.-

The purpose of this study is to seek nurturing talent in the fourth industrial revolution. The fourth industrial revolution is a period of ‘Convergence’ without boundary between studies. Nurturing talent, therefore, in the fourth industrial revolution should be the education focusing on personality, sensibility, and creative thinking. The education for convergence is to cultivate human creativity. The vision of the future talent for the fourth industrial revolution is to display diversity of convergence by ‘thinking power’ as creative professionals to create the new knowledge coming from integrated sight of every field. That is the talent of creative professionals to be the origin of added value of particularity layng stress on originality and discrimination. Education needs to provide jobs, capabilities, and creative professionalism of personality to industrial society through creativity education. Accordingly. customized education considering individual’s capabilities and characteristics should be sought so that individual education can be performed to meet each learner’s creative capabilities. The future talent in the fourth industrial revolution is those who are equipped with diversity by the ‘thinking power’ to create value. The creativity education to cultivate the ‘thinking power’ can be realized by the educational method of Idea-Discovery-Digging-Manifestation- Development of the five stages of teaching-learning in creativity education. The stage of Idea is that of imagination from which the ‘thinking power’ beginsm showing independent, original and distinctive thought. The stage of Discovery is the process that the ‘thinking power’ obtains unity and order gradually, expressing the content of the stage of Idea concretely. The stage of Digging is the process of making purposive and incorporated conception toward the new value, changing the ‘thinking power’ to reasonable and systematic conception. The stage of Manifestation is the process of composing the content by systematically arranging the ‘thinking power’ that is collected from the stage of Digging. The stage of Development is the process of creating value, showing original, distinctive, and creative capabilities by accomplishing the ‘thinking power’. The vision of the future talent in creative education is that of creating the new knowledge through consilience and convergence, as professionals displaying diversity of convergence is the education to build up original, distinctive, and creative capabilities through creativity education.

Development of an Integrated Tracking Control Algorithm for Digging Operations of an Excavator

N. Reginald,J. Seo,Abdullah Rasul 제어로봇시스템학회 2020 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2020 No.10

The Excavator is one of the key equipment utilized for earthmoving tasks at construction sites. This paper aims to provide an integrative tracking control strategy comprising of position, contour, and force tracking controls for excavation tasks. A non-linear proportional-integral controller was applied for position control of hydraulic actuators and the contour control strategy was added to create an optimal path of the bucket tip minimizing contour errors. The force control was finally considered to compensate for the ground resistive force. A multiphysics simulation model was developed for an evaluation of the designed controller’s performance through co-simulation. Experimental results obtained from a test platform show that the developed control algorithms provide good tracking performance for soil digging.

인간 삶의 본질로서 창조성의 교육적 인식

이용길 ( Lee Yong-gil ) 창조교육학회 2020 창조교육논총 Vol.22 No.-

Human nature is creativity, and creativity as a unique characteristic of man characterizes human life appears. Human creativity plays a key role in determining how to educate and live in human life. Human creativity is a high-sanity function. The nature of human life has to do with how humans should live creatively. Therefore, the essence of human life is in the independent and active creative action of man as creative sincerity. Human beings have a desire to realize and realize potential creativity. Therefore, he has an educational self to be made through education. In the sense that education is ultimately oriented toward creative education, the question of how to educate is the question of the educational self. Because the value area of creativity is the domain of human life, creative values are formed according to the belief system of educational aspects by the educational self. Therefore, the reason for creative education in human life is to develop an educational self to form a creative human being and to embody the value of human life. In order to do so, it should be edging in mind what human creativity is as a function of higher mind, what creative education is aimed at fostering creativity according to, and how to relate to the stage of creative thinking of Idea-Discovery- Digging-Manifestation-Development as an education to foster and exert creativity to make human life more powerful. The meaning of the five stages of creative thinking in creative education is a method of education as a way of human life that respects well-being and freedom in human life and forms a practical and theoretical system of education that develops the creative abilities of human nature by changing the logical order of human thinking in a timely order to the process of the five phases of the creative thought process and its educational methods through the educational action of each other's love and encouragement.

남부지역 신석기시대 석부 연구

박성근 한국고고학회 2013 한국고고학보 Vol.86 No.-

The purpose of this article is to examine, chronologically, the stone axes of the Neolithic Period that have been found within the region of the Korean peninsula. In Chapter II, in an attempt to present a hierarchical classification scheme,the existing scheme of typological classification was taken on board and use wear analysis was carried out as actively as possible in undertaking the typological classification of Neolithic stone axes. In Chapter III, I identified two temporal stages based on the ratio of the axe types. The turning point was the second half of early phase, which witnessed a rapidly increasing ratio of the Chipped Medium Ia type and a rapid decrease in the ratio and volume of both the Chipped Medium Ib type and the Edge shape Large IIb type. The spatial aspect of the axes was examined in terms of the different composition of the assemblages, and the temporal characteristics of the axes were examined as well. In the initial and second stage, the stone axes can be divided into several regions: the eastern region, the southern coastal region and Jeju Island; the western region, the east-southern coastal region, the southwest inland region and Jeju Island. In Chapter IV, on the basis of use wear analysis and the achievements of the existing research, the stone tools were divided into digging-tools, felling tools,and woodworking-tools; the spatial and temporal differences for each category were then considered. As a result, it can be understood that the standardization of digging-tools took place in the second stage. This standardization occurred at the Salnae site, located in the southeastern inland region, in the second half of the early phase, and it is possible that this was related to plant cultivation. Meanwhile, felling-tools and woodworking-tools are distributed in the coastal and insular areas. A good example, in particular, is the Edge shape Large IIb type which is referred to as the southern coastal style polished stone axe.

가스관 굴착사고 예방을 위한 RFID 인식기술의 적용성 연구

한상욱(Sang-Wook Han),박수리(Su-Ri Park),김병직(Byung-Jick Kim) 한국가스학회 2012 한국가스학회지 Vol.16 No.2

국내의 경우 연평균 22건의 지하 가스관사고가 발생하며 그중 5 건이 외부 굴착공사에 기인한다. 삼자 굴착사고로 인한 가스관 폭발사고의 예방을 위한 방안으로, RFID인식 기술의 적용에 대하여 연구하였다. 지상에서는 RFID는 원거리 인식이 가능한 장점으로, 물류 및 자재관리 등 다양한 분야에 널리 이용되고 있지만, 지하에서는 인식거리의 제한으로 연구 및 적용 사례는 거의 없다. 본 연구에서는 지하에서 투과율이 비교적 높은 900 MHz대역의 주파수 리더기로 지하에 매설되어있는 RFID Tag의 안정적인 인식거리 및 적용법을 연구하였다. 실제 가스관이 매설되어 있는 조건과 유사하게 흙, 콘크리트5 츠+흙, 그리고 지중수에 Tag를 묻고, 지상에서 RFID 리더기로 최대 및 가능 인식 거리를 측정하였다. 안정적인 인식 거리는 사전 사고 예방이 가능한 거리로 볼 수 있는 50, 45, 25 cm로 나왔다. 더하여 시제품 중에서 24 byte정보를 담을 수 있는 Tag 에 효과적으로 필요한 정보를 넣는 방법을 제안하였다. 본 연구결과는 RFID인식기술의 지하 가스관 적용은 가스 사고를 예방할 수 있을 뿐 아니라 가스관 관리에도 도움을 줄 수 있음을 나타낸다. According to the last 5 year statistics of KGS, there occurred 22 under ground gas pipe accidents per year in Korea. And about 5 accidents per year were caused from the third party digging. IT recognition technique could reduce such underground gas accidents. Among IT recognition technique, RFID is most poplar. In the air, RFID were applied to various fields including the distribution industry, but underground condition, the research and application cases of RFID were little This research was undertaken to see the applicability of RFID to underground gas pipe safety. By use of 900 MHz RFID reader and commercial metal tag, the stable recognition distance was measured in the similar underground condition of LNG pipe. Stable recognition depth of RFID tag were measured to be 50, 45, 25 츠 in the medium of soil, 5 cm-thick-concrete+soil, and water respectively. The measured distances were considered to be the meaningful distance to prevent the gas pipe accidents Also the efficient ways to input the required gas pipe data to the 24 byte metal tag were proposed. Application of RFID to underground LNG supply system will not only reduce the gas accidents due to third party digging but also improve the gas line maintenance efficiency.

就利山遺蹟의 考古學的 檢討

李賢淑(Lee Hyun-Sook) 한국고대학회 1994 先史와 古代 Vol.6 No.-

제·라 회맹지로서의 “就利山”은 역사적 기록을 구체화할 수 있는 유적지로서 주목되는 곳이다. 현재 취리산의 위치비정에 대한 노력에서 유력한 후보지로 집약된 곳은, 공주 금강 북안에 위치한 취리산(치미)과 서북쪽에 위치한 연미산(취미산)이 거론되어 왔다. 이에 그동안 이루어진 취리산과 연미산에 대한 시굴조사 내용을 검토해 보았다. 就利山 濟羅會盟과 관련된 기록가운데, 『三國史記』卷6 新羅本紀 第6의 文武王 5年 8月條의 ‘埋牲幣於壇之壬地’와 『三國史記』卷7 新羅本紀 第7의 文武王 11年 7月條의 ‘又於就利山築壇’에서와 같이 구체적으로 築壇의 정황이 파악된다. 회맹의 특성상 壇을 구축하였을 경우, 주로 대상지역의 정상부나 이에 준하는 지역에서 이루어졌을 가능성이 추정된다. 따라서 회맹지의 위치를 추정하는데 있어서 壇의 존재가능성을 파악할 수 있는 입지의 문제도 중요한 검토대상이 될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 취리산(치미)과 연미산(취미산) 모두 제·라 회맹이 있기 이전의 유적이 존재했던 지역이다. 또한 이후에 통일신라시대 토기편이 유입되어 있는 지역이라는 점에서 상호 공통점이 간취된다. 그리고 취리산과 연미산 모두 公州에서의 접근성은 양호한 지역이다. 취리산의 경우 당시 지형은 정안천이 서편으로 흘렀기 때문에 신관동 일대와 지형상 연결되는 곳이었으며, 연미산도 곰나루와 직접적으로 마주보는 지역일 뿐만 아니라 연미산 남서쪽에 연결되어 있는 소하천을 통한 접근성이 매우 양호했을 것으로 판단된다. 다만 입지상의 차이점은 연미산(취미산)이 취리산(치미)보다 높은 지역에 해당한다는 점과, 공주시가지를 중심으로 보았을 때 취리산은 북쪽에 위치하고 연미산은 북서쪽에 위치한다는 것이다. 두 지역의 지형은 저지대의 구릉과 높은 산으로 차별화되는데, 앞에서 언급한 바와 같이 會盟과 관련된 壇의 존재가능성을 추정할 경우, 지형특성상 취리산 보다는 연미산의 지형입지가 단을 조성하는데 우월한 입지조건을 갖추고 있다고 볼 수 있다. 그러나 1997년과 2008년에 이루어진 두 조사 모두 유적의 존재 가능성에 대하여 현황을 파악하고자 했던 시굴조사 이므로, 시굴조사 결과만으로 구체적인 유적의 성격이나 형태를 단정하는 것은 매우 위험한 사고로 판단된다. 역사기록을 구체화할 수 있는 유적의 입지에 대한 검토인 만큼, 고고학적 정황과 더불어 역사적 상황에 대한 검토도 함께 이루어져야 될 것으로 판단된다. 특히 취리산회맹지의 가능성이 높을 것으로 비정된 취리산(치미)과 연미산(취미산)에 대해서는 확실한 유적의 성격과 현황을 파악하기 위한 정밀 발굴조사를 통하여 관련 유구를 확인해보는 노력이 필요할 것으로 판단된다. As a place for making a league between Baekje and Shilla, “Chiri-san” has been paid attention to by scholars in that it could concretize historical records. As the spots that have been designated as a highly probable place in an effort to the actual location of Chiri-san, there have been two candidates mentioned: Chiri-san(Tsimi) located in the northern coast of Geum-gang(river) in Gongju and Yeonmi-san(Chimi-san) located in the northwestern part. In this aspect, this study reviewed the summary of trial digging for Chiri-san and Yeonmi-san that has been performed so far. Among the records related to the league-making between Baekje and Shilla in Chiri-san, there were two concrete situations of piling up the altars: one in the phrase ‘An Offering Was Buried in the North of the Altar(埋牲幣於壇之壬地)’ from the August Article during King Munmu(5th year of reign) out of the 6th Shillabongi(History of Shilla: 新羅本紀) of the 6th Volume of 『Samguksagi (History of the Three Kingdoms: 三國史記)』, and the other in the phrase ‘Also the Altar Was Piled Up and Raised Again on Chiri-san(又於就利 山築壇)’ from the July Article during King Munmu (11th year of reign) out of the 7th Shillabongi of the 7th Volume of 『Samguksagi』.’ Considering the characteristics of league-making, it has been assumed that piling up the altars would be held mainly in the summit regions or their equivalent spots of the given areas. Therefore, it has been believed that the issue of location that could figure out the possible existence of altars in estimating the location of a league-making place has been a crucial factor of investigation. In both Chiri-san(Tsimi) and Yeonmi-san(Chimi), there had been remains prior to the event of making a league between them. Beside, their common features have been noticed in that both of them were the places where the fragments of pottery from the Unified Shilla period were introduced later. Furthermore, both of these mountains were easily approachable from Gongju. According to the topography of the time, Chiri-san was connected with Shingwan-dong areas due to the fact that Jeongan-cheon(stream) flew westward, whereas Yeonmi-san not only directly faced Gom-naru(ferry point), but also had a favorable accessibility from Soha-cheon(stream) linked to the southwestern Yeonmi-san. However, the differences in their location were that Yeonmi-san(Chimi) was positioned higher than Chiri-san(Tsimi) and the former was located in the northwest while the latter in the north from the perspective of Gongju area. The topography of these two areas could be distinguished from each other by lowland hills and high mountains. In case that the assumption of the existence of altars related to their league-making as mentioned above, it has been presumed that the topographical location of Yeonmi-san was superior to that of Chiri-san in terms of making up the altars. However, those held both in 1997 and in 2008 were trial diggings through which scholars attempted to figure out the conditions of the possible existence of remains; therefore, it has been regarded unlikely to confirm the concrete nature or forms of the remains only with trial diggings. It has been believed that the examination for historical situations as well as archaeological contexts should be done because it was an investigation for the location of the remains that could concretize historical records. Especially for Chiri-san(Tsimi) and Yeonmi-san(Chimi) highly probable to be designated as a Chiri-san league-making place, there should be further efforts to check the pertinent remains through accurate excavation for figuring out their precise characteristics and conditions.

Development of Draft Force Estimation Model for Hand Tractor Powered Digger-cum-Conveyor by Rake Angle and Digging Depth

Kumawat Lokesh,Raheman Hifjur 한국농업기계학회 2023 바이오시스템공학 Vol.48 No.2

Purpose Predicting the draft requirement for an implement is crucial from the viewpoint of proper machine design. It was hypothesized that the draft requirement for moving the digger forward depends mainly on two major parameters, i.e., rake angle of the digging blade and depth of digging, which could be used to develop a linear regression model for estimating its draft requirement. Methods A digging blade of a digger cum conveyor (DCC) was typically mounted at an angle (known as rake angle) to remove the onion bulbs from the soil. In this study, a newly designed digging blade was used. A provision was made at both the ends of digging blade to vary the rake angle. Structural analysis of the digging blade was also studied to check the strength in terms of the displacement of each blade component. The rake angle of the digging blade and digging depth were measured using digital protractor and measuring scale, respectively. Investigations were carried out on draft requirement of DCC at Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur (22°19′ N, 87°19′ E), India, to test this hypothesis. A full factorial experimental design was made with draft measured using S-type load cell (5-tonne capacity) at three levels each of digging depth, rake angle, and operating conditions (i.e., digging without conveying, digging with conveying in 1 st gear and 2 nd gear as well) with the objective to acquire data on the draft force requirement of DCC. The experiments were carried out at a 0.82 km h −1 forward speed of hand tractor to evaluate the performance of the developed DCC in sandy clay loam soil at a moisture content of 11.84% (d.b). The independent variables were found to have signifi cant eff ect on the draft with digging depth having highest infl uence followed by rake angle and operating conditions. A linear regression model was carried out to develop a model for estimating draft requirement for DCC using SPSS statistics software. Results The effi ciency of draft model was assessed by various performance indices such as mean error (ME), coeffi cient of determination (R 2 ), root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and value account for (VAF) and their values were found to be − 0.008, 0.91 0.026, 2.51, and 97.39, respectively. A good general agreement between measured and estimated draft was found with the data obtained from the separated set of data with an average absolute variation (AAV) of 1.98%. Conclusions Farmers and manufacturers could therefore rely on the developed drafts estimated model to provide users accurate information about the needed drafts for DCC.

Mechanism optimal design of backhoe hydraulic excavator working device based on digging paths

Jin Chen,Fei Qing,Xiaoping Pang 대한기계학회 2014 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.28 No.1

In order to solve the problem that hydraulic excavator in the real working process cannot meet the design requirements and reveals insufficientdigging force, a new method on mechanism optimal design of backhoe hydraulic excavator working device based on diggingpaths is introduced and discussed in this paper. Considering the characteristics of consecutive digging process of hydraulic excavator, adigging path is composed of bucket digging trajectories and arm digging trajectories. The feasible working region is divided into a seriesof uniform paths according to the working position of boom. The practical digging performance of excavator is evaluated based on thedigging force parameters under combined work condition of the discrete points on the digging paths. It is turned out that the method ismore accurate to analyze excavator's real-world digging performance via the analysis of some practical cases. Based on the new diggingperformance analysis method, the optimization mathematical model is built to ensure the digging force under combined work conditionand the average digging force of every operating path as big as possible. The layout design of hinge position on the working device isoptimized through genetic algorithm. The optimization result shows that a certain model of an excavator's maximum digging force on thecustomary digging paths is improved by 10% and the average digging force is improved by 4% after the optimization on the workingdevice of the excavator with weak digging force.

조선시대 회곽묘의 변용에 관한 소고

김한상(Kim, Hang sang) 백산학회 2013 白山學報 Vol.- No.95

조선시대 분묘에 관한 연구는 비교적 일찍부터 시작되기는 하였으나 주로 문헌사적인 연구가 주를 이루었고, 상당기간 고고학적인 연구는 답보상태에 머물러 있었다. 그러나 최근 들어서는 폭발적인 발굴조사 결과에 힘입어 점차 조선시대 분묘에 관한 고고학적인 연구가 다양한 분야에서 활발하게 이루어지고 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 본 논문의 주 연구대상인 조선시대 이단굴광묘는 구조의 단순함뿐만 아니라 내부에서 유물이 출토되는 경우가 거의 없어서인지 여타 묘제와의 관계 속에 비교대상으로서의 연구가 일부 이루어졌을 뿐, 발생 배경이나 전개 양상과 같은 그 자체만을 대상으로 한 연구는 전무하다고 할 수 있을 것이다. 이에 본고에서는 이단굴광묘가 등장하게 된 배경에 있어서 회곽묘와의 관련에 주목하고, 특히 회곽묘의 변용에 연관지어 이단굴광묘의 발생에 관하여 간단하게 살펴보았다. 먼저 회곽묘를 예학서(특히 주자가례)에서 규정하고 있는 무덤 조성방법 이행에 대한 충실도를 바탕으로 Ⅰ~Ⅳ류로 구분하고, Ⅲ류는 다시 회(灰)의 사용 비율에 따라 두 형식으로 세분하였다. 이 중 Ⅳ류의 경우는 근간에 종종 확인되고 있는 것처럼 회곽을 조성하지 않고 단지 회개(灰蓋)만을 갖추고 있어 회장묘(灰葬墓)로 부를 만한 것으로서 기본적인 굴광방식이 이단굴광인 경우가 대부분이다. 그런데, 이러한 회장묘는 형태적인 면에서 볼 때, 이단광벽 자체가 회곽묘에 있어서 회곽부의 역할을 하는 것으로 볼 수 있으며, 이는 아마도 회를 사용하지 않은 채 회곽묘의 형식을 유지하고 자 하였던 조묘자(造墓者)의 의도가 내포되어 있었던 것으로 판단된다. 결론적으로 이단굴광묘는 경제적으로 기반을 갖추고 있었던 상위계층과는 달리 회를 사용하는 것이 여의치 않았던 하위계층에서『朱子家禮』에서 규정하고 있는 분묘형식인 회곽묘를 변용하여 사용하였던 묘제라는 것이 필자의 생각이다. 이는 본고에서 분류한 Ⅳ류 회장묘가 조성되고 있는 사실에서 방증된다고 할 수 있다. 다시 말해 상하계층을 막론하고 조선시대 사람들의 정신세계에 있어서 막대한 영향을 끼치고 있었던 『주자가례』에서 규정하고 있는 분묘 조성방식은 경제적으로 여의치 않은 하위계층의 사람들에게 있어서는 크나큰 부담으로 다가왔을 것이다. 이러한 이유에서 灰를 구하기가 용이하지 않았을 하위계층의 사람들로서는 차선책을 마련하지 않을 수 없었을 것이며, 결국은 이러한 이유에서 이단굴광묘가 등장하게 된 것으로 판단된다. 결국 Ⅳ류 회장묘에서 알 수 있듯이 이단굴광묘는 회곽묘의 변용에 따른 결과물로 보아야 할 것이다. Actually, research on the graves of the Joseon Dynasty period can be said to start relatively early because the studies that organized historical contents with the start of the studies that basically organized various memorials service held before the grave conducted in the royal and the private sector began to be published. However, in early days, mainly literature research was dominant and research has been conducted within a limited range focused on tombs of noblemen or royal tombs also in terms of the archaeological field. But, thanks to excavation outcome of the Joseon Dynasty period related remains increased rapidly across the country from 1990s to the present, recently, research on the graves of the Joseon Dynasty period is getting more and more active. Also, recently, taking another step forward from the existing studies, the studies trying to check regionality of a memorial service held before the grave of each region in the Joseon Dynasty period were conducted and in addition, the studies on individual artifact are making a lot of achievements. In fact, though considerable two-step digging tombs in the Joseon Dynasty period are excavated and studied in the Joseon Dynasty period tomb ruins, few theses conducted research targeting itself because few artifacts are unearthed in two-step digging tombs in the Joseon Dynasty period, the main research target of this thesis and the structure is relatively simple. There are only studies assuming that two-step digging tombs(二段掘壙墓) must have been adopted as a memorial service held before the grave of common people by trying stratification along with other memorial services held before the grave based on excavated remains and digging method and whether to use a wooden coffin and the studies targeting itself such as occurrence background and future development according to time and region etc. can be said not to exist at all. Occurrence of two-step digging tombs(二段掘壙墓) related to transformation of lime-soiled mixture tombs(灰槨墓) was briefly examined. Therefore, with respect to the background that two-step digging tombs(二段掘壙墓) appeared, this thesis paid attention to the relation with lime-soiled mixture tombs(灰槨墓) and especially, In conclusion, the author thinks that a two-step digging tombs(二段掘壙墓) was a memorial service held before the grave used by the lower class that could not afford lime unlike the upper class that had economic foundation by transforming lime-soiled mixture tomb(灰槨墓), a tomb type prescribed in 『Jujagarye(朱子家禮)』. This can be shown in the fact that Ⅳ type Hoejang tomb(灰葬墓) classified in this thesis were created. The tomb creating method, prescribed in 『Jujagarye(朱子家禮)』greatly affecting the mental world of the people of the Joseon Dynasty period regardless of the upper and lower class, must have been a great burden to the people of the lower class not economically abundant. For this reason, it is judged that the people of the lower class who could not get lime easily could not help but prepare the second best policy and finally, two-step digging tombs(二段掘壙墓) appeared for this reason. After all, as can be seen from Ⅳtype Hoejang tomb(灰葬墓), two-step digging tombs(二段掘壙墓) should be seen as the product according to transformation of lime-soiled mixture tombs(灰槨墓).