신앙공동체의식 검사도구 개발과 타당화: 기독교인 성인을 대상으로

오태균,권재기 한국기독교교육정보학회 2019 기독교교육정보 Vol.0 No.61

The purpose of this study is to develop a sense of faith community test tool for adult Christians. In order to accomplish this purpose, the researchers examined the sub-domain that explains the sense of the faith community and examined the validity of the faith community sense. The researchers have continued to examine whether the sense of faith community is equally measurable as a test tool for adult Christians. The Delphi survey of the third phase resulted in 128 questions, and the last 60 items were developed for the test tool. The domain of faith community sense was divided into four factors such as relational factor, conscious factor, environmental factor, and emotional factor. As a result of this study, it was found that the four components of the study consisted of a good model for the faith community sense than other alternative structural models, and it was confirmed that this model was a valid instrument for measuring the sense of community of faith. In order to confirm whether or not the gender and age groups can use the tools of sense test of faith community verified by the multiple group confirmatory factor analysis. Furthermore, it is confirmed that the form identity, the measurement identity, the segment identity, the partial dispersion / covariance identity, and the similarity are verified. The major implications of this study are as follows. First, by developing a more realistic and systematic system of sense test for the Christians, it provided an opportunity to establish the sense of faith community, which was not established in the previous research. Second, based on the test results of the community sense developed in this study, it can help the Christian adults to confirm their current spirit level and strengthen the sense of necessary community. And it is possible to confirm the change of sense of faith community through continuous accumulation of test results. 본 연구는 현대 기독교인의 지역 교회내에서 신앙공동체 의식의 중요성을 인식하고 30대 이상의 남녀 성인기독교인들을 대상으로 신앙공동체의식 검사도구를 개발, 타당화를 검증하는데 목적을 두었다. 연구결과, 총 3차에 걸친 델파이 조사 결과 128개의 문항을 도출하였고, 최종 60개 문항의 신앙공동체의식 검사도구를 개발하였다. 신앙공동체의식의 영역은 관계적 요인, 의식적 요인, 환경적 요인, 그리고 정서충족적 요인 등 4개 요인으로 구분된다. 개발된 도구의 타당성 검증 결과에서는 신앙공동체의식 검사가 다른 대안적 구조모형보다 양호한 모형으로 나타나 이 모형이 신앙공동체의식을 측정하는 타당한 도구임이 확인되었고, 각 하위요인별 신뢰도 역시 양호한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 신앙공동체의식 검사도구를 성별과 연령별 모두 동일하게 사용할 수 있을 것인가를 확인하기 위해 다집단 확인적 요인분석을 통해 구인동동성을 검증한 결과, 형태동일성, 측정동일성, 절편동일성, 부분 분산/공분산동일성이 확보되어 구인동등성이 검증되었으며, 이는 30대 이상의 기독교 성인남녀 모두 동일하게 사용될 수 있음을 지지하는 결과라고 볼 수 있다. 이를 통한 연구의 주요한 의의로는 첫째, 이 검사 도구 개발을 통해 기존의 선행연구에서 확립되지 못했던 신앙공동체의식을 독립적인 평가 영역으로 확립시키는 계기를 제공하였다는 점과, 이를 기초로 성도들이 현재 자신의 신앙공동체의식 수준을 확인하고 필요한 신앙공동체의식을 강화하는데 도움이 될 수 있다는 점이 있다. 둘째, 주기적인 기독교인의 신앙공동체의식 검사를 실시하여 검사결과의 지속적인 누적을 통해 교인들의 신앙공동체의식의 변화 추이를 확인할 수 있다는 점에 의의가 있다.

문화마을만들기에서의 공동체의식 형성요인 연구

박수현(Park Soo Hyun),김태영(Kim Tae Young),여관현(Yeo Kwan Hyun) 한국지역개발학회 2013 韓國地域開發學會誌 Vol.25 No.5

This study aims at identifying the factors of cultural community building project that could help form the sense of community in a city. The cases of Seongnam city’s project were selected for the study. This paper employs a case study research method to examine the factors of cultural community building project that effect to form the sense of community. After reviewing the literature on the sense of community, the study focuses on the three factors that help form the sense of community; residents factor, program factor, and physical environmental factor of a community. Major findings of the study are as follows: Firstly, while some residents’ characteristics such as marital status, children’s age of a family and length of living in a community have positive effects on the formation of the sense of community, and some physical factors such as proximity and pleasant environment also have positive effects on the sense of community, these two factors seem to work for the formation of the sense of community when the program factors are designed to tailor both the residents’ characteristics and the physical environmental factors together. In other words, the program factor seems to be the most influential to bring about a sense of community while to a certain extent the other two factors have some effects on the formation of the sense of community. Secondly, the program factors also provide residents with a place for residents to get together, to talk about issues of their community, and thus to have chances of sharing a sense of community by participating in various activities of cultural programs. Thirdly, easy access to cultural program sites and a variety of cultural programs seem to induce residents’ participation too. Finally, as many stakeholders are invited from the beginning to a planing period of the cultural program, it seems also helpful for program factor to bring about a positive effect on the formation of the sense of community.

다층분석에 의한 지역공동체의식에 미치는 영향요인 분석

문경주(Moon, Kyung-Joo),김수영(Kim, Soo-Young),장수지(Chang, Su-Jie) 한국지역사회학회 2015 지역사회연구 Vol.23 No.1

For this study, two analytical purposes were considered : finding out factors that affect the sense of local community; exploring directions to raise up the sense of community. Survey questionnaires were distributed for residents who had aged between twenties and fifties, and those lived at sixteen wards and a county in the Busan Metropolitan City. For extracting out factors affecting the sense of community, we determined variables two different levels: the local community level and individual one. Based on this design, interaction effects between the local community level and the individual one were analyzed by using the multi-level model. The major findings are as follows: First, at the individual level analysis, length of residence, subjective social economic consciousness, the number of neighbors, age, trust with one’s neighbors, and co-residence with spouse significantly affected on the sense of local community; Second, When analyzing the cultural patterns of local communities, vertical collectivism had a negative influence on the sense of community, while horizontal collectivism were positively related with the sense of community; Third, subjective social economic consciousness at the individual level and culture based on horizontal collectivism showed significant effects on the sense of community, when considering the interaction effects between individual level and local community level variables. Based on these findings, Policy implication to improve the sense of local community were derived out, it is suggested that more efforts focus on building up cooperative and reciprocal relationship among the community members through local community movement.

대학생의 공동체 의식에 영향을 미치는 요인 - 평택대학교 학생을 대상으로 -

임광명(Kwang Myeong Lim) 한국농촌지도학회 2016 농촌지도와 개발 Vol.23 No.2

Nowadays a sense of community based on our community further weakens due to globalization, industrialization, the development of transportation and communication, etc and the community as cultural and psychological units is focused on. In other words, the concept that emphasizes the aspect of ‘we’ sharing the unique value and goal of community is used. In this current situation, school as an important community organization has been in the spotlight. In particular, college compared with other communities has a special influence on the community. Therefore it is regarded as an important community organization and its importance as part of our efforts to decrease the college students wastage rates continues to grow. The study about school as an important community organization has been conducted actively. However the people in most studies are elementary, middle, and high school students, so there are limitations to what these study findings apply to college. Therefore, this study conducted factor analysis of college sense of community for local college students, categorized it, analyzed the factors having influence on each factor and then looked for suggestions of ways to strengthen college sense of community. According to study, sense of community is categorized into three factors such as ‘sense of belonging’, ‘sense of solidarity’, and ‘sense of emotional closeness’. After analyzing the factors influencing types of sense of community, factors relevant to them are grades, intimate friends, subjective well-being, community volunteer work, college service satisfaction, and so on.

사회체육학 : 주민자치센터의 생활체육 프로그램 참여가 커뮤니티 의식에 미치는 영향

이강우(KangWooLee),홍상민(SangMinHong),이제승(JeSeungLee) 한국체육학회 2004 한국체육학회지 Vol.43 No.5

Modern society is faced with the speedy changes characterized globalization, informatization, democratization and localization. Korean governments opened community center in Dong level as some parts of public services of Dong office transferred to the upper level governments according to the ideal of " small but efficient government". Community center in Dong level newly became a center of the citizens' welfare as the functions of Dong office moved to the higher level of local governments.The major objectives of the community center could be offering sports activity programs, social welfare services, supporting the daily lives of the residents, offering the culture and arts programs. Also, building up the sense of community is one of the important function of community center.This study aims to analyze the effects of participation in community center to the sense of community and suggest some policy alternatives for the development of sports administration at the governments level. For the study subjects participants in sports program Sung Dong Gu residents were set up, and total sample of 515 copies were collected using the multi-stage stratified sampling.In order to attain this aim, in this study, five research hypotheses are made and testified by questionnare by Yun Jong Kook(1999). The method of statistics used to analyse the collected dates are frequency analysis, correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis of SPSSWIN.As results of this analyses, major findings are as follows:First, age and income affects the sense of community of the residents who are or have been participating in the community center sports activity program.Second, the length of sports activity participation time of affects the sense of communityThird, satisfaction does not affect the sense of community.Forth, recognizing the effect of sports activity participating in the community center program is significant to the building the sense of community.Fifth, activities in recreation, have the most strong effects on building the sense of community.

물리ㆍ사회적 커뮤니티환경의 幼年期 情緖的 경험이 공동체의식 형성에 미치는 影響연구

金元必(Kim Won-Pil) 대한건축학회 2010 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.26 No.3

Urban community environment as a whole consistently interacts with human being and childhood emotional experience are influential on their unconscious images and attitude about their neighborhood community environment, while impacting on the environmental attitude and the formation of community sense. This research was intended to investigate what the respondents' emotional perception and value were about the community environment in their childhood in terms of environmental autobiography and to examine the effects of the results on the formation of community sense for their current community environment. Literature review and theoretical framework explored a few important research concepts which are closely related to the formation of community sense as a result of emotional experience; sense of belongings, social ties with neighbors, participation in community activity, sense of attachment, satisfaction with physical environment. Correlation analysis found that diverse childhood emotional experience was statistically significant on the degree of community sense for their living community. Regression analysis also indicated that the degree of sense of belong, sense of attachment and satisfaction with their childhood living environment were the main variables, explaining main predictors for community sense. Furthermore, the relationship between various emotional experience of each factor in previous and current community environment were statistically significantly related. It is concluded that as the positive childhood experience in their past community except the sense of attachment, is strengthened, the degree of community sense with their current community is also goes up.

Students' Sense of Community for promoting Interactions among Students in Online Learning Environments

이동주(Dongjoo Lee) 한국방송통신대학교 미래원격교육연구원 2006 평생학습사회 Vol.2 No.1

Students in online learning environments are likely to feel isolated and stop participating in their learning activities because of the physical distance and lack of regular face-to-face contact. A sense of community can help students overcome these problems and fully participate in their learning process by having them perceive the environments as safe and by fostering their sense of responsibility to meet the needs of the group. This study explored the factors influencing students’ sense of community in an online course, the relationships among the factors, and the influences of a sense of community. Results of the data analysis indicated that students established their sense of community by experiencing a sense of co-accomplishment through collaboration. Results also indicated that the factors influencing students’ sense of community related to three dimensions : group interaction, course context, and individual differences. Students’ sense of community was influenced primarily by the outcomes of interactions with group members, such as group members’ behaviors showing consideration for others, responding to their contributions, and contributing to the group collaboration. Factors related to the course context, such as the collaborative nature of the course and the technology used for the course, influenced students’ sense of community by either facilitating or interfering with the group interactions. In addition, some factors resulting from individual differences were critical for students to develop a sense of community. Once a sense of community was established, students developed a sense of camaraderie, a greater sense of responsibility, and trust in their group members.

농촌지역사회 공동체의식 유형별 지역사회활동 참여 특성분석

임광명 한국농촌지도학회 2017 농촌지도와 개발 Vol.24 No.4

A rural community has distinct regional characteristics. It preserves the traditionality relatively and its residents live long in the community. Therefore, a rural community forms the sense of community which differs from that of the city and the participation factors affecting the sense of community also may appear differently. This study aims to examine the characteristics of community participation according to types of sense of community by using a segmentation approach. Through a self-administered survey, data was collected from 130 rural community residents in Pyeongtaek. As for the sense of community of rural community residents, two segments which are high level of sense of community and low level of sense of community were deduced. According to the types of sense of community, the difference of each segmentation was analyzed :Socio-demographic characteristics and community participation activities. The findings significantly will be used to make the way to build up the sense of community in rural.

A Cross-Cultural Investigation of Adults' Formation of Sense of Community through Environmental Autobiography

Kim, Wonpil Architectural Institute of Korea 2012 Architectural research Vol.14 No.4

In contemporary Korean society, urban community environment is often associated with high-density and high-rise residences that make people's relationships superficial, instrumental and impersonal. Furthermore, urban community consistently interplays with neighboring residents and childhood emotional experience are influential on their unconscious images and attitude about their current neighborhood environment, while affecting the environmental attitude and the formation of community sense. Previous research found evidences that increased level of community sense is fostering more feeling of living in so-called "real neighborhood environment." This study aimed to cross-culturally examine what the respondents' emotional perception and their attitude were about the community environment in their childhood through environmental autobiography method and to examine the effects of the results on adults' formation of sense of community for their current community environment. Extensive literature review explored a few important theoretical framework which are closely related to sense of community (SOC) as a result of emotional experience: membership, influence, integration and fulfillment of needs, shared emotional connection and community satisfaction. Chi-square and GLM analysis revealed that there were no demographic, and socio-economic differences between two groups of Korean and US residents. Correlation analysis indicated that childhood emotional experience of Koreans and US citizens was statistically significant on sense of community for their current living community. Multi-regression analysis also found that the degree of influence were the main predictors for building strong sense of current community throughout a cross-cultural group. Furthermore, the relationship between various emotional experience of each factor in previous and current community environment were statistically significantly related. It is concluded that as the positive childhood experience of influence in their past community was going up, the level of sense of community for their current community was strengthened across their cross-cultural background.

A Cross-Cultural Investigation of Adults’ Formation of Sense of Community through Environmental Autobiography

김원필 대한건축학회 2012 Architectural research Vol.14 No.4

In contemporary Korean society, urban community environment is often associated with high-density and high-rise residences that make people's relationships superficial, instrumental and impersonal. Furthermore, urban community consistently interplays with neighboring residents and childhood emotional experience are influential on their unconscious images and attitude about their current neighborhood environment, while affecting the environmental attitude and the formation of community sense. Previous research found evidences that increased level of community sense is fostering more feeling of living in so-called “real neighborhood environment.” This study aimed to cross-culturally examine what the respondents' emotional perception and their attitude were about the community environment in their childhood through environmental autobiography method and to examine the effects of the results on adults’ formation of sense of community for their current community environment. Extensive literature review explored a few important theoretical framework which are closely related to sense of community (SOC) as a result of emotional experience: membership, influence, integration and fulfillment of needs, shared emotional connection and community satisfaction. Chi-square and GLM analysis revealed that there were no demographic, and socio-economic differences between two groups of Korean and US residents. Correlation analysis indicated that childhood emotional experience of Koreans and US citizens was statistically significant on sense of community for their current living community. Multi-regression analysis also found that the degree of influence were the main predictors for building strong sense of current community throughout a cross-cultural group. Furthermore, the relationship between various emotional experience of each factor in previous and current community environment were statistically significantly related. It is concluded that as the positive childhood experience of influence in their past community was going up, the level of sense of community for their current community was strengthened across their cross-cultural background.