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Yang, Sukwoo,Kwack, Dongwha Architectural Institute of Korea 2014 Architectural research Vol.16 No.3
South and North Korea, the divided nations on the Korean peninsula, began with the same modern city planning system, but following the adoption of different national ideologies-capitalism and socialism-, they established their own city planning system and developed their cities accordingly. However, the process of planning and developing a joint city of Kaesong Industrial Complex (KIC) led to the recognition about the need to bridge the differences and prepare for future joint development. This study examines North Korea's city planning system by comparing the two Koreas' systems, and identify the characteristics of North Korea's city planning system through a case analysis of the KIC. By comparing two cases, we found two distinct characteristics of North Korea's. The one is a tool for realizing ideologies and maintaining national system. The other one is that it is ideology-oriented system for the supreme leader and party while South Korea has control-oriented system for the public. We analyze the KIC case based on four pillars: planning system, development system and procedure, master plan, and use behaviors. Result of analysis shows that in KIC there are many socialistic features as we mentioned above in terms of planning system, urban design & structure, and use behavior even though a private enterprise-Hyundai Asan, in South Korea led the whole process. This study is meaningful in that it identifies the specific characteristics of North Korea's city planning focusing on the KIC and is expected to serve as a baseline material to set the future direction for North Korea's development.
Kim, Ho-Jeong Architectural Institute of Korea 2013 Architectural research Vol.15 No.2
Throughout the history of architecture, sometimes the main focus of design was determined by a particular visual representation method, and other times a particular form of visual representation method was required by perception of a particular architectural issue or an architectural form or idea. That is why the visual representation method of architects becomes an important means of reading the flow of idea and thinking behind architecture. This study is an investigation on the relation between architectural thinking and visual representation method expressed through the conceptual drawings by avant-garde architects of the 1970s and 80s, a period of the emergence of postmodernism. Rather than proving the objective reality regarded important by traditional architectural drawing, attempts are made to express the design concept in which the project has its base. Such interpretation and explanation regarding the concept become the main interest of the drawing. It is not that the architecture itself was not expressed in the contents, but it may not be the main subject of expression in the drawing. The value of architectural drawing recovers its value as an art work in itself, as a means of communication, and as an important conceptual tool in the design process. It can be seen that the visual representation method in postmodern architectural drawings is breaking free of the traditional objective depiction of matter and is changing and developing as a design tool of the architect.
Lee, Do Young Architectural Institute of Korea 2000 Architectural research Vol.2 No.1
Housing Adjustment is a set of creative human activities that take place to meet various housing needs. Thus far, numerous studies have given attention to speculate a typology of those activities on an empirical base. Overall, though, little is known about its theoretical underpinning, due to the independent nature of each individual study in interpreting differences in conclusions. This study examines and compares results from two previous studies on housing adjustment. Previous research on housing adjustment suggests that, other than household and housing characteristics, housing satisfaction as an intervening variable is deeply associated with the choice of housing adjustment involved in mobility, home improvement, or cognitive adaptation. The two studies used similar theoretical schemes, asked similar questions, yet one sample consisted of Korean American residents and the other sample was poor housing residents in Korea. This study shows that differences in sample characteristics lead to a strong discrepancy in interpreting Speare's (1974) satisfaction theory of housing adjustment. For Korean Americans, housing satisfaction turned out to be a good predictor of housing adjustment preference, while it is not the case for poor housing residents in Korea. This implies that findings of any Single study can not be generalized directly to the population as a whole. Thus, continued effort should be made to compare specific findings from various research studies, seeking explanations for differences in conclusions. Theory can be legitimately built and strengthened in this integrated manner.
Typology of Lao Vernacular Dwellings and Settlements in Context of Cultural and Physical Environment
Vongvilay, Xayaphone,Kang, Young-Hwan,Kim, E-doo,Seong, In-Soo,Choi, Joong-Hyun Architectural Institute of Korea 2015 Architectural research Vol.17 No.4
A typology study is a comparative study of the physical characteristics of the built environment divided into distinct types such as architecture, culture, and environment. Lao vernacular dwellings were initially created based on the Lao people's behavior in terms of beliefs, traditional culture, lifestyle, and local wisdom with regard to the environment, climate, geography, and materials. The main research method used in this study is a comparative case study of three ethnic dwellings. The multiple data collection tools employed included second source data and primary data to analyze the findings of the unique characteristic typology of Lao vernacular dwellings. The objective of this paper is to compare the cultural and physical contexts, the patterns and origins of settlement, the architecture, the cultures, and the local indigenous knowledge related to the dwellings and settlement of the three main ethnic groups. These three groups are rich in tradition and their documentation is therefore essential for the intellectual history of the society of Lao; this research could therefore aid in enhancing our understanding of the three typologies of Lao vernacular architecture and settlement within the historical and sociocultural contexts of each ethnicity to convey an understanding of Lao vernacular dwellings by analyzing their different types to help identify the differences and similarities among architectural artifacts by recognizing the invisible connections between them, whereby the figurative ornamentation is based on the relationship between man and nature. This study also provides a glimpse of the living culture and characteristic features of Lao vernacular architecture.
A Research on the Proposal of U-Pavilion Adopted in Korean Residential Development
Yun, YongGib Architectural Institute of Korea 2013 Architectural research Vol.15 No.1
Over the past two decades following the 1990s, South Korea's IT industry has developed rapidly. In keeping with this trend, the architectural and urban planning sectors have also converged with IT and achieved advancement in new directions. This evolution includes a variety of conceptual terminologies such as 'home automation', ''home network', 'smart home, and 'ubiquitous-city'. However, smart homes and U-cities simply represent a conceptual extension of home networks, and there is little real difference in the technologies involved. In particular, U-cities remain focused on infrastructure rather than on the development of specific content; consequently, they have failed to demonstrate distinctive features to clearly differentiate themselves from conventional cities. In such a context, this research aims at the proposal of a 'ubiquitous pavilion' as a component of the efforts to develop a range of architectural contents that utilize ubiquitous technologies. By grafting the pavilion, one of the most basic forms in architecture, with cutting-edge ubiquitous technologies, this paper intends to suggest a multi-purpose architectural space readily and simply available not only in newly emerging U-cities, but to conventional cities as well.
Considering Materiality of Glass as a System with Interactive Layers
Kim, Sung-wook,Kim, Do-sik Architectural Institute of Korea 2009 Architectural research Vol.11 No.2
In contemporary architecture, glass is being used less as a single piece for the exterior envelope, due to a variety of influences such as increased performance regulations, the market environment and technical developments. An architectural exterior wall today is usually installed as a 'ystem' wall, not as a single plane glass wall. That brings up the necessity to question the appropriateness of the materiality of an individual piece of glass for the exterior envelope in urban settings. Therefore, in many cases it is appropriate to examine materiality of glass as a system. A new examination of materiality can be carried out by analyzing the interactions between layers that constitute a system. This paper examines the experimental use of glass systems in contemporary architecture, and analyzes them to interpret the relationship between the layers of each system in order to establish the diversified materiality of glass in contemporary architecture.
Kim, Young-Ju Architectural Institute of Korea 2013 Architectural research Vol.15 No.4
Since Modern Movement flexibility has been one of the most attractive words in architecture. However, "overprovision first, division later" has been the most prevailing design method for spatial flexibility, and many of buildings designed for flexible use are practically quite inflexible due to insufficient building systems or/and irresponsible planning. There have been two dominant strategies to achieve architectural flexibility: multi-functionality and polyvalence. These two approaches, which point contradictory directions, actually reflect the difficulty in providing a proper form of architectural flexibility. Multi-functionality can afford changeable environments with satisfying spatial conditions; however it lacks tolerance to accommodate other uses but intended functions by architects. Meanwhile, flexibility by a polyvalent form relies on the vague anticipation of user's various interpretations. In this study by looking up these two different standpoints and historical precedents flexibility in architecture is carefully scrutinized focused on the contradiction, and as an alternative for architectural flexibility contextual relations is proposed. Unlike both multi-functionality and polyvalence, which produce flexibility by changing its own properties, manipulating contextual relations infuses flexibility into space by changing the properties of a building, not of its individual room. By using this contextual relations method, a community-centered school in Manhattan, NY, which was in danger of being closed because of its academic failure, is represented as a flexible space.
Han, Dongho,Park, Changbae Architectural Institute of Korea 2015 Architectural research Vol.17 No.4
University residence halls have become one of the most important issues for students when selecting their academic institutions. However, in South Korea, while universities maintain technologically up-to-date facilities, when it comes to safety or security, the management is unsatisfactory. As a result, the number of violent crime has been increasing. However, there are few researches in terms of practical validity of CPTED Guidelines even though a myriad of researchers study about CPTED Guidelines. Therefore, this study endeavours to investigate the validity of theoretical CPTED Guidelines that to what extent it might be adopted for design process. As a methodology, Space Syntax Convex map and Visibility Graph Analysis (VGA) are chosen. As a result, since the types of space which have a high level of Space Syntax Index are analogous with space treated on CPTED Guidelines, it roughly shows that the theoretical CPTED Guidelines could be adopted in practical architectural design process. Furthermore, it reveals that there is a close relationship between detail design guide stated in CPTED Guidelines and the result of VGA. That is, through the analysis, it is proved that the validity of CPTED Guidelines is quite enough to be adopted in practical design process.
A Study on the Spatial Characteristics of Smart Work Centers in Korea
Koo, Sanghoe,Lee, Hyunhee Architectural Institute of Korea 2014 Architectural research Vol.16 No.4
Smart Work is a way of working independent of time and space restrictions with the help of ICT. For past years, Korea has been promoting Smart Work to boost ICT industry, to overcome low birth rate and population ageing, and to implement Smart Korea. Three elements of Smart Work include people, technology and space. A lot of research has been performed on people and technology for Smart Work. But it is hard to find research on space. In this paper, some representative smart work centers(SWCs) in Korea were selected and analyzed from the perspective of spatial design including general characteristics, personal spaces, group spaces, and support spaces. From this research, it is observed that current SWCs in Korea are good in providing personal work spaces and simple group meeting rooms as well as ICT environments. However, they lack of openness to the public and group spaces to encourage informal communications. It is also observed that personal space plans need to be multi-functional, and that novel supporting spaces are required to improve quality of life and creativity of workers.
A Study on the Establishment & Functional Characteristics of Health Facilities for the Aged in Japan
Kim, Tae Il,Yoshida, Tomo Hiko Architectural Institute of Korea 2006 Architectural research Vol.8 No.1
Various housing measures are needed for the rapidly aging society of Korea. In particular, the welfare policy for the elderly has changed towards the community care. Taking this fact into consideration, it is necessary to have the establishment of a system that offers the elderly appropriate welfare services at their appropriate residence (ageing in place) for the effectiveness of the community care. In this aspect, there are a number of implications to Korea to study merits and demerits of the Health Facilities for the Aged (HFA) in Japan. The society of Japan has been rapidly aging since 1970, and Korea is to face the same situation. As for the data of this study, a total of 2,393 facilities (as of November 1999) mentioned in the annual report of the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare were classified based on types of their establishment: (1) free-standing structures (603 facilities); (2) annexes to hospitals (981 facilities); (3) annexes to welfare facilities (511 facilities); and (4) annexes to clinics (298 facilities). Next, 239 facilities were selected through taking a sample of 10 percent from each type of the HFA mentioned above. This was done through the random sampling method with the computer program of MS EXCEL. The Implications of the results of analyses are as follows. First, most of the health facilities were planned with the scale that was larger than the scale of standard special nursing homes in terms of the total floor area. Precise equations that were to obtain precise results of the scale of the HFA and the appropriate number of residents were obtained through the method of the regression analysis. Korea and Japan have similarities in terms of culture, society and family relations; however, the two countries also have differences in terms of the application of laws on the establishment of houses, hospitals, and welfare facilities. As for planning the scale of the HFA, the realities of Korea should be considered. Second, as for the functional aspect of the HFA with a condition of returning home, the place before and after the HFA showed the pattern of 'from a residential place to a residential place' and 'from a hospital to a hospital.' This reveals a close correlation with the types of the HFAs and operational ways of the facilities. Its cause is considered to be the aspect of the operation and management of the HFA rather than the aspect of its function of providing services in association with medical and health facilities. Therefore, when intermediate welfare facilities are considered in Korea, it is strongly advised to consider the problem of annexes to other facilities and efficiency of sharing of the facilities in terms of its operation and management.