Case-based reasoning approach to cognitive map-driven tacit knowledge management

Lee, Kun Chang 성균관대학교 경영연구소 2000 Sungkyun Management Research Institute Work Vol.5 No.-

Knowledge is at the heart of knowledge management. In literature, a lot of studies have been suggested covering the role of knowledge in improving the performance of management. However, there are few studies about investigating knowledge itself in the arena of knowledge management. Knowledge circulating in an organization may be explicit or tacit. Until now, literature in knowledge management shows that it has mainly focused on explicit knowledge. On the other hand, tacit knowledge plays an important role in the success of knowledge management. It is relatively hard to formalize and reuse tacit knowledge. Therefore, research proposing the explication and reuse of tacit knowledge would contribute significantly to knowledge management research. In this sense, we propose using cognitive map as a main vehicle of formalizing tacit knowledge, and case-based reasoning as a tool for storing cognitive map-driven tacit knowledge in a form of frame-typed cases, and retrieving appropriate tacit knowledge from case base according to a new problem. Our proposed methodology was applied to a credit analysis problem in which decision-makers need tacit knowledge to assess whether a firm under consideration is healthy or not. Experiment results showed that our methodology for tacit knowledge management can provide decision makers with robust knowledge-based support.

Knowledge Variation of Teachers in Middle-School Mathematics Classrooms

김구연 대한수학교육학회 2010 수학교육학연구 Vol.20 No.3

This study aimed to investigate how two eighth-grade mathematics teachers’ pedagogical content knowledge is manifested in their classroom instruction. A case study was conducted for the study. The results revealed similarities and differences in the teachers’ knowledge manifested in their mathematics classrooms and that the two teachers had slightly different structures of pedagogical content knowledge. One teacher is more dependent on his knowledge of mathematics and knowledge of students’ understanding and the other teacher on her knowledge of instructional process and, to a lesser extent, knowledge of mathematics.

Keyword-based networked knowledge map expressing content relevance between knowledge

Yoo, Keedong(유기동) 한국지능정보시스템학회 2018 지능정보연구 Vol.24 No.3

A knowledge map as the taxonomy used in a knowledge repository should be structured to support and supplement knowledge activities of users who sequentially inquire and select knowledge for problem solving. The conventional knowledge map with a hierarchical structure has the advantage of systematically sorting out types and status of the knowledge to be managed, however it is not only irrelevant to knowledge user’s process of cognition and utilization, but also incapable of supporting user`s activity of querying and extracting knowledge. This study suggests a methodology for constructing a networked knowledge map that can support and reinforce the referential navigation, searching and selecting related and chained knowledge in term of contents, between knowledge. Regarding a keyword as the semantic information between knowledge, this research’s networked knowledge map can be constructed by aggregating each set of knowledge links in an automated manner. Since a keyword has the meaning of representing contents of a document, documents with common keywords have a similarity in content, and therefore the keyword-based document networks plays the role of a map expressing interactions between related knowledge. In order to examine the feasibility of the proposed methodology, 50 research papers were randomly selected, and an exemplified networked knowledge map between them with content relevance was implemented using common keywords.

지식유출 의도의 내재적 및 외재적 요인에 대한 연구: 암묵적 지식 관점에서

김용태,구윤모,이재남 한국지식경영학회 2019 지식경영연구 Vol.20 No.4

In the rapidly changing business environment, knowledge has been recognized as a core asset for sustaining an organization’s competitive advantage. In addition, knowledge sharing is one of the key elements of knowledge management, emphasizing external knowledge sharing beyond initial internal knowledge sharing. However, while knowledge management research emphasizes knowledge sharing, which is a positive aspect, research on preventing knowledge leakage that can have negative consequences is relatively lacking. Companies have tried to minimize the negative effects of knowledge management but many knowledge leakage accidents are still occurring. Therefore, this study aims to examine the effects of external factors based on deterrence theory and internal factors based on self-determination theory on knowledge leakage intention focusing on tacit knowledge. The results of the empirical analysis of 100 data sets collected through a scenario-based survey show that certainty of sanctions, social disapproval, and competence are found to have a significant effect on reducing tacit knowledge leakage intention. Furthermore, informal sanctions have a greater impact on tacit knowledge leakage intention than formal sanctions and external factors have a greater effect on tacit knowledge leakage intention than internal factors.

Knowledge Sharing in the New World of Work : Effects of the New Way of Working

Arjan de Kok,Roel Esten,Remko W Helms 한국IT서비스학회 2015 한국IT서비스학회지 Vol.14 No.2

The New Way of Working (NWOW) is changing the world in which we work today. The principles of NWOW are based on freedom of time and place to work, and steering on output (results) instead of input (presence). As NWOW is a relatively new phenomenon, research on the effect of NWOW on knowledge sharing in organizations is scarce. In this research two multiple - case studies were performed to investigate the effect of the New Way of Working on knowledge. In the first study (A) different knowledge sharing scenarios were used at organizations that were in the process of implementing NWOW. This provided the opportunity to compare the sharing of knowledge between 'NWOW workers' and employees that still worked in the traditional way (non - NWOW workers). In total 216 scenario results were evaluated to determine differences in channel choice between the traditional and new work environment. For the second study (B) a Knowledge Sharing Framework was developed, based on the theories of Nonaka and Alavi & Leidner. This framework was used to determine the type of knowledge shared, e.g. tacit or explicit knowledge, in 84 situations. Additionally, to measure the level of NWOW adoption, a NWOW Analysis Monitor was used. The results show that NWOW workers use more different communication channels than traditional workers. When knowledge workers become more mobile, they will exchange knowledge less explicit (codified) and more tacit (personalized), use less face - to - face communication, but more video calls and e - mail. The adoption of the principles of NWOW seems to have a balancing effect on the knowledge that is shared in a tacit and explicit way, which in the view of Scheepers et al. is an effective knowledge sharing strategy. The research results show organizations need to realize that the New World of Working is affecting the way knowledge is shared. Missing out on this development may result in the loss of important knowledge and impact the operation of organizations.

문학능력의 신장을 위한 문학교육 지식론의 방향 탐색

염은열 ( Eun Yeol Yeom ) 한국문학교육학회 2009 문학교육학 Vol.28 No.-

Knowledge must be not only taught in literature class, but also be derived as a result of learning literature. For this reason, literary knowledge is the beginning and closing of teaching literature. So, it is important matter for us to show what knowledge is needed in literature education and to describe the relationship with literary knowledge and literary ability or competence. This study explored the concept, peculiarity and position of literary knowledge in the Korean national curriculum(2007) and recognized the present of literary knowledge research and practice. We have found some problem. First problem is the goal or aim of teaching literature is vague or uncertain, so there are not criteria to select, display, and assess literary knowledge. Second problem is the confusion of contents and method. As this confusing, procedural knowledge (know how) has been regarded as the more important contents than declarative knowledge (know that) in literature education. We have shown that it is not right anymore. All kind of knowledge which is taught, is accepted as a mode of propositional knowledge to students. It is more important to alter literary knowledge to literary ability or competence. Finally, this study confirmed the proposition that the goal is decided, literary ability or competence is specialized as the goal, literary knowledge is selected, and the method to alter literary knowledge to literary ability or competence is designed in Korean literature education.

비구조적 과제수행에서 나타나는 개인 지식창출활동의 분석

고진경,강명희 이화여자대학교 사범대학 교육과학연구소 2005 교육과학연구 Vol.36 No.1

본 연구는 비구조적과제수행에서 나타나는 개인 지식창출의 특성을 파악하기 위하여 과제수행시기와 학습자특성, 그리고 과제유형에 따라 변화되는 각 지식창출활동의 빈도를 비교하였다. 이를 위하여 과제 영역에 대한 지식수준이 다른 연구참여자들이 비구조적 형태의 협력 및 개별과제를 수행하는 30개의 사례를 선정하고, 과제수행 과정을 관찰하였다. 연구참여자들의 내적, 외적 활동의 관찰을 위해서 성찰저널, 인터뷰, 설문, 학습시스템의 게시판메시지 등 다양한 형태의 질적자료를 수집하고 내용분석을 통해 빈도자료로 변환하였다. 도출된 양적자료는 ANOVA, Mann-Whitey 검정, Kruskal-Wallis 검정을 시행하여 분석하였다. 분석결과, 30개 사례의 과제수행시기 간 지식창출활동 빈도에는 유의한 차이가 있었으며, 중기의 활동 빈도가 가장 높았다. 또한, 4개의 지식창출활동 유형 간에는 유의한 빈도차가 나타났고, 그 중에서 의미화 및 지식창출 유형의 빈도가 가장 높게 나타났다. 과제수행시기와 지식창출활동 유형 간 상호작용 효과도 있었다. 학습자의 지식수준에 따른 지식창출활동 분석결과, 초심자 집단이 전체 지식창출활용 빈도가 더 높았던 반면 경험자집단에서는 시기와 유형에 따른 빈도변화의 폭이 컸다. 마지막으로 과제유형에 따른 지식창출활동 분석 결과 협력과제를 수행할 때 학습자들에게서 보다 많은 활동이 관찰되었으며 협력과제와 개별과제 모두에서 지식창출활동의 빈도에는 유의한 차이가 있었다. This study aims to understand the individual knowledge construction phenomenon in activity-based learning environment by identifying specific activities composing the knowledge construction process and analyzing how they work differently according to participant' knowledge levels, the types of tasks, and time periods. The concrete research questions according to research purposes we as follows. When performing ill-structured task : Do the times, Participants' prior knowledge and the task types affect the utilization of activities for the individual knowledge construction? 1) Do the times affect the utilization of activities for the individual knowledge construction? 2) Do the times and participants'prior knowledge affect the utilization of activities for the individual knowledge construction? 3) Do the times and the task types affect the utilization of activities for the individual knowledge construction? In order to investigate the above questions, I selected 30 cases in which collaborative/independent tasks were performed by the participants with different levels of knowledge in educational technology, respectively. While they performed the tasks, I observed their inside knowledge construction activities. To observe knowledge construction activities, diverse kinds of data were collected, such as interviews, reflective journals, surveys, and messages on the bulletin board in the learning system. They were converted to the frequency data according to category by content analysis method. Based on the frequency data, the utilization for knowledge construction activities were analyzed by using ANOVA, Mann-Whitney test, Kruskal-Wallis test. The results of this study were summarized as follows. As for the results of the study; First, there was a significant difference in the utilization of knowledge construction activities according to the periods of time. There was also a significant difference in the utilization of knowledge construction activities according to the knowledge levels of participants and the periods of time. The Beginners Group showed a higher utilization in the sum of activity types. On the other hand, the Experience Group recorded radical change in utilization of knowledge construction activities with laps of time. There was a significant difference in the utilization in knowledge construction activities according to task type: the Collaborative Task showed higher utilization than Individual Task In both Tasks. There was significant difference in the utilization between knowledge construction activities.

공기업에서의 지식경영 성공적 운영에 관한 사례 연구 : 농업기반공사와 한국전력을 중심으로

이영수 대한경영교육학회 2005 경영교육저널 Vol.7 No.-

Knowledge management is theory based on the general management paradigm which acts on constituting elements of groups, individuals, culture, and etc. In the 21st century, increase of competitive power based on knowledge is absolutely necessary in order to with the world' s elite businesses, For a business, the future' s most important object of production has become knowledge. Since world economy has converted to "knowledge economy" where national competitive power is determined by knowledge accumulated by individuals, countries, individuals, businesses without knowledge revolution cannot survive in the never-ending competition of knowledge society. Agriculture based corporation(will be now mentioner as N corporation) is a public enterprise combined of 3 domestic agriculture -related facilities which started in 2000. 1.1. To support its business purpose and strategy, it set up an "Information Strategy Plan"(ISP) in 2001 and opened a knowledge management system in 2002. 2. 1. Currently its knowledge management level is moving upward from an introductional level(level 1) to a settling level(Level 2). Still, since the accumulation and completeness of information is still at a low level, I have studied here what is needed and must be done in order to reduce trial-and-error and successfully move on to level 4, maturity of knowledge management, which will ultimately bring revolutionary business success. This study shows the difficulties N corporation faces in operating knowledge management. The study's purpose is to contribue to the successful knowledge management of n corporation by examining and comparing other businesses difficulties of knowledge management arranged in order of significance and causes. This study is made up of 4 chapters and the contents are as follows. Chapter one deals with the study' s purpose, method, and extents. in chapter two, basic information required for the understanding of knowledge management is shown through studying concepts and types of knowledge, and theoretical concept of knowledge management. In the area of concept and practical theory of knowledge management, world' s famous doctors/professors' works and studies on the theory of knowledge management are mentioned. In chapter three, a Questionnaire given to 342 business members of N corporation, Korea Electric Corporation(will be now mentioned H corporation), and Economist Union is used to examine the knowledge management system in domestic corporations. Also, difficulties faced in knowledge management is grouped in 5 types, and factors of difficulty is examined in order of significance and causes mainly through the case of N corporation, Through these examinations and current affairs dealt with them, the main factors in overcoming difficulties in knowledge management is explained in detail. In chapter four, the study' s results are summarized in a conclusion. It provides good examples of overcoming difficulties in the process of introducing knowledge management for new businesses. Of course, converting the structure and culture of N corporation to fit knowledge management will not be so easy since the corporation consists of 3 conservative and straight facilities with stubborn traditions each. This study, however, provides a plan to overcome the difficulties faced by N corporation in adjusting to knowledge management system through thorough and careful examination and analysis. By complementing the weakness of N corporation' s knowledge management through this study, it will hopefully overcome difficulties and achieve revolutionary business success. For knowledge management to successfully function, not only the knowledge management system must be introduced to the business, but also the change of people, culture, regulations, and system must be followed. In order to achieve that, management department' s continuing interest, and individuals' change of awareness and positive participation are required. 지식 경영은 단체 개인, 문화 등의 구성요소가 결합된 일반적 경영개념의 이론적 바탕에 근거한다고 할 수 있다. 21 세기에는 지식을 바탕으로 한 경제적 힘의 증가가 세계의 우수한 인재를 가진 경쟁을 위해서 절대적으로 필요한 것이다. 기업에서 미래의 가장 중요한 생산성 있는 대상은 지식이 될 수밖에 없다. 그래서 세계 경쟁은 개인, 국가, 기업의 지식 향상에 의해 경쟁력을 결정하는 것이며, 지식의 혁신 없이는 지식기반 사회에서 결코 승리할 수 없고 생존 할 수 없을 것이다. 농업기반 공사는 2001 년 1월에 효율적 운영에 관련된 세계의 지배 농업을 가진 조직이다. 이 기업의 목적과 전략적 경영을 위해서 혁신전략 계획(ISP)을 2001년에 계획하여 2002년 2월 2까지 지식 경영체계를 합리하였다. 최근 그 지식 경영 수준은 제 1단계 수준에서 제 2단계 수준으로 옮겨가고 있다. 본고는 시행착오를 최소화하고 필수적으로 실천해야 할 것이 무엇이며, 4단계의 성공적인임 무수행을 위해서 지식경영의 성숙이 기업의 성공을 절대적인 혁신과제임을 연구하고자 한다. 이러한 연구는 농업 기반 공사의 체계적인 지식 경영을 보여줄 것이다. 본 연구 목적은 타기관의 원인과 해결을 위해서 지식 경영의 어려움을 비교하고 시험함으로써 농업기반공사의 성공적인 지식경영에 도움이 되고자 한다. 본 연구는 4 장으로 구성되어 다음과 같은 내용을 전개하고 한다. 제 1 장에서는 연구 목적과 방법 그리고 제반 내용을 다루고 제 2 장에서는 기본적 지식경영의 이해와 지식경영의 형태 및 개념을 보여줄 것이다. 아울러 이론적인 것과 실질적 지식경영의 사례를 세계 유명한 석학들의 논문을 참고하여 지식경영에 대한 연구를 시도할 것이다. 제 3장에서는 농업기반 공사에서 근무하는 342명을 상대로 설문조사를 하고, 한국 전력과 관련 기관을 대상으로 지배구조의 체계에서 지식 경영에 대해서 실험하고자 한다. 아울러 지식경영에서 있어서 어려운 장면을 다섯 가지의 유형으로 나누어 지식경영의 어려운 요소를 보인 농업기반 공사의 예를 통해 해결방안을 위한 실험을 해볼 것이다. 또한, 실험과 유형, 분석을 통해 지식 경영 사례를 다루고, 지식 경영에 대한 어려움을 극복했던 주된 요인을 자세하게 설명하고자 한다. 제 4장에서는 연구 결과를 압축하여 결론으로 맺고자 한다. 새로운 기업을 위해서 지식 경험을 소비하는 과정에 그 어려움을 극복했던 사례들을 제공하고자 한다. 물론, 전통적으로 굳어진 유용성 있고 심사숙고하는 지식경영의 협동적 구성요소가 있어 왔지만 지식경영이 농업기반공사에 쉽게 적용될 수는 없을 것이다. 이러한 연구는 농업기반공사에 분석과 실험을 통해 지식경영을 조정할 수 있도록 하는 데에는 어려움이 직면할 것이다. 성공적인 지식경영체계가 기업을 발전시킬 뿐만 아니라 인적, 문화적, 체계적 그리고 시스템이 변화될 수 있을 것이다. 이러한 성공을 위해서 경영 분야의 끊임없는 관심과 지식 변화의 긍정적인 참여가 요구되어지는 것이다. 이러한 연구를 통해서 우리는 성공적인 지식경영에 따르는 필요 요소를 이해할 수 있으며, 지식 경영에 대한 관심과 흥미를 가질 것이다. 아울러 이러한 연구를 통하여 다른 기업들도 그들의 체계에 맞는 지식경영을 해결하는데 다소간 영향을 줄 수 있기를 희망한다.

기업의 지식경영 실행에 관한 질적 연구: S기업의 지식경영 실천 사례

현경택 ( Kyung Taek Hyun ),홍아정 ( Ah Jeong Hong ) 한국지식경영학회 2010 지식경영연구 Vol.11 No.1

As knowledge has become the most important means of production for a company to survive in a "knowledge-based society", knowledge management has become the key issue in the corporate sector. Despite its growing significance, there are limited numbers of research that describe how companies actually develop, share and practice their knowledge. From this perspective, this study used a qualitative approach to explore on the actual process of knowledge management implementation. In-depth interviews with eleven senior managers, who were working at S global corporation, were conducted. The results show that there are differences between how the participants perceive and how they actually perform in managing knowledge. While the participants tend to conceptualize knowledge management as building a technical system, their performance has shown that knowledge has been developed and shared through active interaction among the members in the company. The factors that impede knowledge management were caused by the individualized job assignment and inapplicable exercises that result in obscuring information flow and utilizing inadequate and low quality of knowledge. The findings of this study imply that knowledge management is not a matter of formality but a paradigm that assures for the flow and share of knowledge.

지식경영을 활용한 기업인수 후 합병후 통합(PMI): 한일은행과 상업은행의 합병 사례를 중심으로

제갈정웅 ( Jeong Oung Jekarl ),최도성 ( Do Soung Choi ) 한국지식경영학회 2008 지식경영연구 Vol.9 No.1

The purpose of this study lies in examining how knowledge management was applied to PMI(Post Merger Integration) in bank merger. Individuals and organizations in Korea have experienced a lot of changes since the 1997 foreign exchange crisis. In such a situation, individuals came to think the only thing to rely on was personal knowledge. Since organizations had to lay off workers in order of their birth year, not based on whether or not individuals had the knowledge necessary for the organizations, they needed to have such a system that could use their explicit knowledge and even outside knowledge or customers` knowledge as IT developed by changing individuals` tacit knowledge into explicit knowledge as needed in order to continue to maintain their competitiveness and for their own development. Thus, each firm started to pitch for the introduction of knowledge management. Individuals started to store their own experience and knowledge in their homepages or blogs. It was Woori Bank, the merged bank of Hanil Bank and Commercial Bank of Korea, that introduced the knowledge management system and Shared Service Center, in which knowledge creation is available, for the first time in the banking business. Its previous name was Hanbit Bank. Hanbit Bank wanted to construct an advanced bank system, bringing in their chief information officer(CIO) from a foreign bank and introducing an IT software used in Spanish banks to adjust all banking processes to it. However, they could not help giving up the plan in the middle of the road since there was a great difference between Spain and Korea in the financial system and more than 30% of software package had to be changed. In this situation, PMI was delayed, and customer inconvenience continued, which made the integration of organizational cultures slow down. As a breakthrough in this situation, knowledge management was introduced. To integrate knowledge of two organizations in the process of PMI is an important job for all merger candidates. This study aims at presenting the successful results from using knowledge management as a means to PMI ahead of other financial institutions so they can apply them to their organizations. PMI was not achieved properly after the two banks had been merged as Hanbit, but entering the era of Woori Bank, workers were integrated under one standard organization following the organizational and knowledge integration, and knowledge management was introduced for an efficient sharing of knowledge among members. A great number of mergers have occurred up to now, but Woori Bank is the first case that used knowledge management as a means to both PMI and competitiveness enhancement. Probably it was an appropriate time when Woori Bank introduced knowledge management as it was organized. Since Hanil Bank and Commercial Bank of Korea had not introduced knowledge management until then, it could use knowledge management as a means to PMI. Using knowledge management, it could create a new organizational culture and increase competitiveness in the banking industry.