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팔당호와 팔당호 상류의 난분해성 유기물질 유출 특성 분석 및 상관성 분석
강채원,길경익 한국습지학회 2023 한국습지학회지 Vol.25 No.4
수도권에 일 약 8백만톤의 물을 취수하여 공급하는 팔당호는 수질보전정책 시행으로 BOD(Biochemical Oxygen Demand)1.1mg/L를 달성하였으나 난분해성 물질을 포함하는 COD(Chemical Oxygen Demand) 항목은 점점 증가하는 양상을 보였다. 난분해성 유기물질의 상수원 유입은 잠재적인 BOD의 증가, 수돗물의 냄새와 맛 유발, THM(Trihalomethane) 발생 증가, 조류 증식을 일으키며 유해 난분해성 미량오염물질이 잔류할 경우 수생 환경에서내분비 교란과 항생제 내성과 같은 현상을 유발한다. 본 연구에서는 팔당호의 난분해성 유기물질 관리를 위해 팔당호와 팔당호 상류의 점 오염원과 비점오염원의 난분해성 유기물질 유출 농도를 파악하기 위한 모니터링을 실시하였다. 지역별 난분해성 유기물질 유출 농도를 비교하고 하수처리장에서의 제거율을 파악하였다. 또한 피어슨 상관성 분석기법을 사용해 유기물질 지표와 선행건기일수, 선·선행건기일수간 상관성 분석을 실시하였다. 하천과 팔당호의 난분해성 유기물질 농도는 유사한 양상을 보였다. 하수처리장 유출수는 하천과 팔당호보다는 높은 농도를 보였으며, 유입수와 유출수 농도의 비교 결과 하수처리장에서 난분해성 유기물질 제거율은 65.73%였다. 난분해성 유기물질 유출 농도와 선행건기일수, 선·선행건기일수 사이에서는 유의미한 상관성이 나타나지 않았다. 이는 데이터 부족으로 판단되며 장기적인 모니터링으로 데이터 축적이 필요하다 사료 된다. Extracted from the metropolitan area, the Paldang Lake, which supplies approximately 8 million tons of water, has achieved a BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) of 1.1 mg/L as a result of water quality preservation policies. However, concerning the COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) component that encompasses refractory organic matter, there has been an observable upward trend in concentration. The introduction of refractory organic matter into the water source of Paldang Lake brings potential increments in BOD, generates off-putting tastes and odors in tap water, increases THM (Trihalomethane) formation, and triggers algae proliferation. Moreover, if residual hazardous refractory pollutants persist in aquatic environments, they may induce endocrine disruption and phenomena such as antibiotic resistance. In this study, a monitoring campaign was executed to discern the concentration of refractory organic matter emissions from point and non-point sources within Paldang Lake and its upstream region, with the aim of managing refractory organic matter in Paldang Lake. By comparing refractory organic matter emission concentrations across monitored areas, the elimination efficiency at wastewater treatment plants was assessed. Additionally, employing the Pearson correlation correlation analysis technique, correlations among refractory organic matter indices, antecedent wet days, and antecedent dry days were explored. The concentrations of refractory organic matter in rivers and Paldang Lake exhibited a similar pattern. Wastewater treatment plant effluents exhibited higher concentrations compared to rivers and Paldang Lake. The assessment of refractory organic matter removal at wastewater treatment plants indicated a removal efficiency of 65.73%. However, no significant correlation emerged between refractory organic matter emission concentration and antecedent wet days or priory antecedent dry days. This absence of correlation is attributed to data scarcity, underscoring the need for long-term monitoring and data accumulation.
RO 및 NF막에서의 부식질에 의한 Fouling 및 미량오염물질의 제거
왕창근,차준철,이용현,김수동,류주환 대한상하수도학회 2004 상하수도학회지 Vol.18 No.1
This study investigated the phenomena of membrane fouling by NOM and the effect of the fouling on removal of micro-pollutants. NOM has a great effect on decline of permeate flux. Permeate flow rate was reduced by 88% in RO and 34.8% in NF for 323hr operation period. Removal rate of UV_(254), is 87.4% in RO and 78.5% in NF and removal rate of DOC is 42.7% in RO and 32.9% in NF for 2㎎/l humic acid. Removal efficiency of the micmpollutants by the RO and NF membranes fouled by humic acid was mostly lower than that by the new membrane. The concentration polarization which affects the flux and the rejection was thought to occur in the active layer of the membrane, as the membrane was getting fouled.
폐수방류수 오존처리시 오존 및 OH 라디칼 노출량 기반 미량유기오염물질 제거 예측
남숙현,황태문,김은주,신용현,이광희,김유곤,이윤호 한국수처리학회 2022 한국수처리학회지 Vol.30 No.4
Municipal wastewater is a major source of contaminants of emerging concern in aquatic environments. Many studies have proven the effectiveness of ozonation for the removal of micropollutants, though the composition of the wastewater matrix influences the oxidation potential during this process. The ozone decomposition rate consists of two stages: instantaneous ozone consumption and slower ozone decay. In particular, with instantaneous ozone consumption, 62.8-79.7% of the initial ozone injection concentration is consumed. Determining the appropriate ozone dosage for wastewater ozonation is complicated by the complexity of the wastewater matrix composition. The purpose of this study was to propose a chemical kinetic model for the prediction of micropollutant removal during the ozonation of wastewater effluent. A kinetics approach based on the measurement of ozone and hydroxyl radical(·OH) exposure was proposed to predict the micropollutant removal efficiency. In this study, a batch-type ozone reactor was set up to measure the ozone and OH radical exposure during wastewater ozonation. Ozone and OH radical exposure was proportional to the initial dose of ozone, while OH radical exposure was found to be proportional to ozone exposure, though the deviation was relatively high at 1.0 to 1.5 gO3/gDOC. The calculated OH radical exposure was 3.0×10-10 to 5.3×10-10M·s. Of the target micropollutants, acetaminophen, sulphamethoxazole, andnaproxen, which are highly reactive with ozone and OH radicals, exhibited a removal rate of more than 80% at an ozone injection rate of 0.75 gO3/gDOC. .
고농도 오존발생기 성능평가 곡선을 활용한 대상물질 최적처리를 위한 운영비용 평가
조병옥,이광희,남숙현,김은주,황태문 한국수처리학회 2023 한국수처리학회지 Vol.31 No.4
This study had two aims: 1) based on a performance evaluation, to set the optimal operating range for a high-concentration ozone generator recently developed with domestic technology; 2) to establish a model-based control strategy to achieve the removal of target compounds. To determine the optimal operating range of the ozone generator, this study considered the energy consumption and oxygen cost per unit ozone generation, as these factors have the greatest influence on the operating cost. This method was in accordance with the methods proposed by the American Ozone Association and the US Environmental Protection Agency. The optimal operating range of the ozone generator was found to be approximately 2 to 14%. Within this range, the total operating cost is minimized, as determined by comparing the generated ozone concentration, oxygen cost, and power consumption. An operation of below 12% capacity may increase the cost of ozone production. Based on the performance evaluation curve, the ozone concentration required to reach the target substance removal rate of 80% can be calculated according to the change in water quality and flow rate of the ozone treatment facility at the wastewater treatment plant and by applying an ozone kinetic model. This method can be used to estimate the per unit production cost. For example, the average total ozone generated and unit production cost required to remove 80% of the group 4 compound iopromide were determined to be at least 17% greater than those required to remove the same amount of sulfamethazine, a group 1 compound. This study proposes a practical control strategy and evaluation method for calculating the operating cost of the ozone generator needed to achieve the target removal rate for categorized target substances. .