Assessment of Gradient-based Digital Speckle Correlation Measurement Errors

Zhao Jian,Zhao Dong,Zhang Zhe 한국광학회 2012 Current Optics and Photonics Vol.16 No.4

The optical method Digital Speckle Correlation Measurement (DSCM) has been extensively applied due its capability to measure the entire displacement field over a body surface. A formula of displacement measurement errors by the gradient-based DSCM method was derived. The errors were found to explicitly relate to the image grayscale errors consisting of sub-pixel interpolation algorithm errors, image noise,and subset deformation mismatch at each point of the subset. A power-law dependence of the standard deviation of displacement measurement errors on the subset size was established when the subset deformation was rigid body translation and random image noise was dominant and it was confirmed by both the numerical and experimental results. In a gradient-based algorithm the basic assumption is rigid body translation of the interrogated subsets, however, this is in contradiction to the real circumstances where strains exist. Numerical and experimental results also indicated that, subset shape function mismatch was dominant when the order of the assumed subset shape function was lower than that of the actual subset deformation field and the power-law dependence clearly broke down. The power-law relationship further leads to a simple criterion for choosing a suitable subset size, image quality, sub-pixel algorithm,and subset shape function for DSCM.

오리나무 추출물(AI-1367)의 간질환 동물모델에서의 간 보호효과

조우철(Yu-Zhe Zhao),이성희(Sung Hee Lee),허재욱(Jae-Wook Huh),라정찬(Jeong Chan Ra),손동환(Dong Hwan Sohn) 대한약학회 2012 약학회지 Vol.56 No.2

The protective effect of AI-1367 (Alnus japonica extract) on liver injury was investigated. Primary rat hepatocyte intoxication was induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBH), carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), or D-glactosamine (D-GalN). Liver injury was induced by CCl4, D-GalN or MCD (methionine choline deficient)-diet in mouse. The cellular leakage of lactate dehyrogenase and cell viability followed by the treatment of hepatotoxicants were significantly improved by AI-1367 treatment at a concentration range of 5~50 μg/ml for tBH, 5~50 μg/ml for D-GalN, and 5~100 μg/ml for CCl4, respectively. Treatment with AI-1367 (20, 10, 5 mg/kg, p.o.) on liver injury induced by subcutaneous injection of CCl4 or D-GalN reduced significantly the levels of aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase in serum. Histological observations revealed that fatty acid changes, hepatocyte necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration in CCl4 (D-GalN)-induced liver injury was improved by administration of AI-1367. AI-1367 treatment (10, 5, 2.5 mg/kg, p.o.) also significantly recovered the body weight change and serum levels of aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase and triglyceride in liver injury induced by MCD diet. From these results, AI-1367 shows protective effects against tBH, CCl4, D-GalN, or MCD diet-induced hepatotoxicity in vitro or in vivo.

Study on the Impact of Silicon Doping Level on the Trench Profile Using Metal-Assisted Chemical Etching

Zhe Cao,Qiyu Huang,Chuanrui Zhao,Qing Zhang 대한금속·재료학회 2016 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.12 No.6

Metal-assisted chemical etching (MACE) has been used as a promising alternativemethod to fabricate micro/nano-structures on silicon substrates inexpensively. In thispaper, profiles of deep trenches on silicon substrates, with different doping levels,fabricated by MACE were studied. A layer of interconnected gold islands was firstdeposited onto the silicon substrate as catalyst. Electrochemical etching was thenperformed in a hydrofluoric acid (HF) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) mixturesolution with different HF-to-H2O2 ratio ρ (ρ = [HF]/([HF] + [H2O2])). Vertical deeptrenches were fabricated successfully by using this method. It was observed thateven under identical experimental condition, sidewalls with various tilting anglesand different morphology could still form on silicon substrates with differentresistivity. This possibly because with different resistivity silicon substrate, thegradient of holes in it greatly changed, and so did the final morphology. As a result,the tilting angle of etched trench sidewall can be tuned from 6 ° to 96 ° using siliconsubstrates with different resistivity and etchants with different ρ. By applying theangle-tuning technique revealed in this study, high aspect ratio patterns with verticalsidewalls could be fabricated and three-dimensional complex structures could bedesigned and realized in the future.

Interfacial adsorption of methyl orange in liquid phase of foam fractionation using dodecyl dimethyl betaine as the collector

Zhe Zhang,Zhao Liang Wu,Guimin Liu 한국공업화학회 2015 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.28 No.-

It is important to develop an environment-friendly collector for removing or recovering harmful nonsurface-active materials using foam fractionation. Dodecyl dimethyl betaine (BS12) was used as thecollector for studying the interfacial adsorption of methyl orange (MO) in the liquid phase. The maximaof the surface excess and the enrichment ratio of MO were 22.7% and 51.5%, respectively under pH of 5and the BS12 concentration of 0.40 g/L. The results indicated that BS12 was an effective andenvironmental collector and it can promote the development and application of foam fractionation forthe removal of harmful non-surface-active materials.

A 2D/2D BiPO4/g-C3N4-B Z-type heterojunction for enhanced photocatalytic degradation of dye pollutants

Zhao Hong-jian,Zhou Yan,Wu Ren-Jang,Han Zheng-bing,Li Xu,Yu Zhe 한국화학공학회 2023 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.40 No.12

A 2D/2D BiPO4/g-C3N4-B nano-sheet heterojunction photocatalyst was synthesized via a simple coprecipitation method at room temperature using glacial acetic acid as solvent, which showed excellent activity toward the degradation of rhodamine B (RhB). The heterojunction showed much higher efficiency of separation and transfer of photogenerated carriers compared to that of its constituents. Moreover, the spectral response range of BiPO4 was effectively broadened after the combination of g-C3N4-B and BiPO4. Consequently, a 97.3% degradation of RhB within 25 min by BiPO4/g-C3N4-B heterojunction photocatalyst under visible light irradiation was observed. The difference in work functions of BiPO4 and g-C3N4-B was evident from UPS characterization, which led to the bending of the energy band and the establishment of an internal electric field at the interface of the heterojunction. Therefore, the synthesized direct Z-type BiPO4/g-C3N4-B heterojunction enhanced the oxidation-reduction ability by promoting the effective separation of photogenerated carriers.

A High-Precision Form-Free Metrological Method of Aeroengine Blades

Zhao-Yao Shi,Xue-Zhe Li,Yu-Kun Li,Jia-Chun Lin 한국정밀공학회 2019 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.20 No.12

In order to solve the problems in existing methods for blade profile metrology, such as low accuracy and efficiency, poor flexibility, various constraints, a high-precision form-free method for blade profile metrology is proposed. In the paper, the operational principle, key technologies and evaluation methodology are analyzed in detail. A high-precision method for blade profile metrology based on the concept of “Synchronization of Planning and Measurement” is proposed to solve three key problems for blade metrology synchronously: theoretical data acquisition, path planning and sampling strategy analysis, and profile measurement. A form-free evaluation methodology for blade profile based on parametric modeling is also discussed. The results show that the metrology and evaluation for blade profile are executed automatically without theoretical model data, thus improving the efficiency and flexibility greatly. In addition, all the measurements are completed in the positions near the reference distance of the sensor, thus the depth of measurement approaches 0 mm and the measurement error is no more than 10 μm. The method proposed in the paper is a form-free method with a high precision and has a good application prospect in the field of free-form surface measurement.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Subtypes Prevalence in Central China

Zhao Fei,LI Wen-jie,Wang Zhe 연세대학교의과대학 2009 Yonsei medical journal Vol.50 No.5

Purpose: To study the epidemic characteristics, transmission sources and routes of various subtypes of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and sequence variations in Henan, central China. To provide theoretical foundation for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) prevention strategy in this region where the primary HIV transmission route was through former paid blood donation. Materials and Methods: HIV-1 gene env and gag were amplified by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from uncultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from 1,287 HIV-1 confirmed samples in Henan. Results: Among 1,287 samples, 5 HIV-1 strains were found including subtypes B’ (95.9%), C (0.47%) and recombinant subtypes CRF 07_BC (1.09%), CRF 08_BC (1.79%) and CRF 01_AE (0.78%). Phylogenetic tree analysis found that 1,234 Henan subtype B’ were closely related to those commonly found in Thailand, and were distantly related to other international subtypes. The dominant strain in former blood plasma donors (FPDs) was subtype B’, and the dominant strains in sexual transmission were subtype B’ and BC. Among HIV patients who were most likely infected through routes other than paid blood donation, the percentage of non-B’ subtypes was much higher than those of FPD. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the prevailing strain of HIV-1 in Henan is subtype B’, similar to the B’ subtype found in Thailand. In addition, for the first time we found subtypes C and recombinant subtypes CRF07_BC, CRF08_BC and CRF01_AE in this region. Indicating that the subtype feature of HIV-1 became more complicated than before in central China. Purpose: To study the epidemic characteristics, transmission sources and routes of various subtypes of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and sequence variations in Henan, central China. To provide theoretical foundation for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) prevention strategy in this region where the primary HIV transmission route was through former paid blood donation. Materials and Methods: HIV-1 gene env and gag were amplified by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from uncultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from 1,287 HIV-1 confirmed samples in Henan. Results: Among 1,287 samples, 5 HIV-1 strains were found including subtypes B’ (95.9%), C (0.47%) and recombinant subtypes CRF 07_BC (1.09%), CRF 08_BC (1.79%) and CRF 01_AE (0.78%). Phylogenetic tree analysis found that 1,234 Henan subtype B’ were closely related to those commonly found in Thailand, and were distantly related to other international subtypes. The dominant strain in former blood plasma donors (FPDs) was subtype B’, and the dominant strains in sexual transmission were subtype B’ and BC. Among HIV patients who were most likely infected through routes other than paid blood donation, the percentage of non-B’ subtypes was much higher than those of FPD. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the prevailing strain of HIV-1 in Henan is subtype B’, similar to the B’ subtype found in Thailand. In addition, for the first time we found subtypes C and recombinant subtypes CRF07_BC, CRF08_BC and CRF01_AE in this region. Indicating that the subtype feature of HIV-1 became more complicated than before in central China.

Effects of Parafibromin Expression on the Phenotypes and Relevant Mechanisms in the DLD-1 Colon Carcinoma Cell Line

Zhao, Shuang,Sun, Hong-Zhi,Zhu, Shi-Tu,Lu, Hang,Niu, Zhe-Feng,Guo, Wen-Feng,Takano, Yasuo,Zheng, Hua-Chuan Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.7

Background: Parafibromin is a protein encoded by the HRPT2 (hyperparathyroidism 2) oncosuppressor gene and its down-regulated expression is involved in pathogenesis of parathyroid, breast, gastric and colorectal carcinomas. This study aimed to clarify the effects of parafibromin expression on the phenotypes and relevant mechanisms of DLD-1 colon carcinoma cells. Methods: DLD-1 cells transfected with a parafibromin-expressing plasmid were subjected to examination of phenotype, including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, migration and invasion. Phenotype-related proteins were measured by Western blot. Parafibromin and ki-67 expression was detected by immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays. Results: The transfectants showed higher proliferation by CCK-8, better differentiation by electron microscopy and ALP activity and more apoptotic resistance to cisplatin by DNA fragmentation than controls. There was no difference in early apoptosis by annexin V, capase-3 activity, migration and invasion between DLD-1 cells and their transfectants. Ectopic parafibromin expression resulted in down-regulated expression of smad4, MEKK, GRP94, GRP78, $GSK3{\beta}$-ser9, and Caspase-9. However, no difference was detectable in caspase-12 and -8 expression. A positive relationship was noted between parafibromin and ki-67 expression in colorectal carcinoma. Conclusions: Parafibromin overexpression could promote cell proliferation, apoptotic resistance, and differentiation of DLD-1 cells.

Establishment of a novel myocarditis mouse model based on cyclosporine A

Zhao Tian Hao,Jiang Yi Xuan,Chen Kai Qin,Qiu Dan,Xu Yan Zhe,Ye Chun,Ren Ting,Zhang Bo,Dai Bin,Hu Jue,Lu Jun,Zhou Fang Liang,Xiao Rong,Lu Fang Guo,Wei Ke 한국유전학회 2022 Genes & Genomics Vol.44 No.12

Background: Myocarditis is a myocardial injury that can easily cause adolescent death. Traditional research models of animal invasion with viral components, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or porcine myocardial myosin, among others, have the shortcomings of potential biological safety hazards and high animal mortality. Objective: To explore the construction of a novel myocarditis model with cyclosporine A and the potential genes and pathways associated with it. Methods: BALB/c mice were used in this study, and cyclosporin A and LPS were injected into the peritoneal cavity of mice. The successful establishment of the model was assessed by detecting serum myocardial injury markers and inflammatory factors levels, HE, IHC staining, and RT-qPCR methods. Key genes were obtained using the GSE35182 dataset from the GEO database and validated with the RT-qPCR method. Results: We found that a large number of inflammatory cells infiltrated the myocardium of mice in each group of Cyclosporin A constructed model, while the expression of inflammatory factor indicators was increased, and this model has the characteristics of high degree of local inflammation in myocardial tissue, low mortality, and safe and non-toxic treatment. Using GSE35182 data, we selected 18 Hub genes and validated Hub genes in myocardial tissue with RT-qPCR and found that multiple signaling pathways such as Toll-likereceptor signaling pathway(TLRs), Rap1 signal pathway(Rap1), and Chemokine signaling pathway may be involved in the development of myocarditis. Conclusion: Cyclosporin A can construct a new myocarditis model, and TLRs, Chemokines and Rap1 signaling pathways may be the core pathways of myocarditis.

Proximal Augmented Lagrangian and Approximate Optimal Solutions in Nonlinear Programming

Zhe Chen,Hai Qiao Huang,Ke Quan Zhao 한국전산응용수학회 2009 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.27 No.1

In this paper, we introduce some approximate optimal solutions and an augmented Lagrangian function in nonlinear programming, establish dual function and dual problem based on the augmented Lagrangian function , discuss the relationship between the approximate optimal solutions of augmented Lagrangian problem and that of primal problem, obtain approximate KKT necessary optimality condition of the augmented Lagrangian problem, prove that the approximate stationary points of augmented Lagrangian problem converge to that of the original problem. Our results improve and generalize some known results. In this paper, we introduce some approximate optimal solutions and an augmented Lagrangian function in nonlinear programming, establish dual function and dual problem based on the augmented Lagrangian function , discuss the relationship between the approximate optimal solutions of augmented Lagrangian problem and that of primal problem, obtain approximate KKT necessary optimality condition of the augmented Lagrangian problem, prove that the approximate stationary points of augmented Lagrangian problem converge to that of the original problem. Our results improve and generalize some known results.