10-oxo-12(<i>Z</i>)-octadecenoic acid, a linoleic acid metabolite produced by gut lactic acid bacteria, enhances energy metabolism by activation of TRPV1

Kim, Minji,Furuzono, Tomoya,Yamakuni, Kanae,Li, Yongjia,Kim, Young-Il,Takahashi, Haruya,Ohue-Kitano, Ryuji,Jheng, Huei-Fen,Takahashi, Nobuyuki,Kano, Yuriko,Yu, Rina,Kishino, Shigenobu,Ogawa, Jun,Uchid The Federation of American Societies for Experimen 2017 The FASEB Journal Vol.31 No.11

<P>Gutmicrobiota can regulate the host energymetabolism; however, the underlying mechanisms that could involve gut microbiota-derived compounds remain to be understood. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effects ofKetoA [10-oxo-12(Z)-octadecenoic acid]-a linoleic acidmetaboliteproduced by gut lactic acid bacteria-on whole-body energy metabolism and found that dietary intake of KetoA could enhance energy expenditure in mice, thereby protecting mice from diet-induced obesity. By using Ca2+ imaging and whole-cell patch-clamp methods, KetoA was noted to potently activate transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) and enhance noradrenalin turnover in adipose tissues. In addition, KetoA up-regulated genes that are related to brown adipocyte functions, including uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) inwhite adipose tissue (WAT), whichwas later diminished in the presence of a b-adrenoreceptor blocker. By using obese and diabetic model KK-Ay mice, we further show that KetoA intake ameliorated obesity-associatedmetabolic disorders. In the absence of any observedKetoA-induced antiobesity effect or UCP1 up-regulation in TRPV1-deficient mice, we prove that the antiobesity effect of KetoAwas caused by TRPV1 activation-mediated browning inWAT. KetoA produced in the gut could therefore be involved in the regulation of host energy metabolism.-Kim, M., Furuzono, T., Yamakuni, K., Li, Y., Kim, Y.-I., Takahashi, H., Ohue-Kitano, R., Jheng, H.-F., Takahashi, N., Kano, Y., Yu, R., Kishino, S., Ogawa, J., Uchida, K., Yamazaki, J., Tominaga, M., Kawada, T., Goto, T. 10-oxo-12(Z)-octadecenoic acid, a linoleic acid metabolite produced by gut lactic acid bacteria, enhances energy metabolism by activation of TRPV1.</P>

Effects of genotypes and culture conditions on microspore embryogenesis and plant regeneration in several subspecies of Brassica rapa L.

Yu Takahashi,Yoshihito Takahata,Shuji Yokoi 한국식물생명공학회 2012 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.6 No.4

A number of factors influencing microspore embryogenesis and plant regeneration were examined in five subspecies (rapa, oleifera, niposinica, perviridis,broccoletto) of B. rapa. Addition of 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) in 1/2 NLN-10 medium improved the embryo yield by 2–12 fold. Addition of activated charcoal (AC) in the medium was not effective for microspore embryogenesis. Moreover, AC canceled the positive effect of BA, when the medium containing both BA and AC was used. Of 24genotypes examined for microspore embryogenesis, 22genotypes of all five subspecies produced embryos ranging from 0.02 to 15.0 per 2 9 105 microspores, but two genotypes were not responsive. Low temperature pretreatment of flower buds significantly improved the microspore embryogenesis. When cotyledonary embryos were subcultured on a filter paper placed on top of 0.8 %agar-solidified B5-2 medium and 1.6 % agar B5-2 medium,plant regenerations were increased 4–8 fold compared to 0.8 % agar medium. The ploidy levels of regenerated plants in three genotypes were determined by flow cytometry, revealing that 66–100 % of them were diploid. The results enable the advancement of breeding programs and genetic studies in B. rapa.

Experimental trials of Si coating on the surface of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash particles using hydrated silica with sodium hydroxide

( Yu Tian ),( Astryd Viandila Dahlan ),( Giun Jo ),( Takashi Yamamoto ),( Fumitake Takahashi ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2018 한국폐기물자원순환학회 심포지움 Vol.2018 No.1

From about 1960, Japan accelerated treatment of urban garbage by incineration. In 2009, there were 1243 incineration facilities for municipal solid wastes (MSW) in Japan. Fly ash from municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWI) contains a lot of heavy metals as well as toxic organic substances. Incineration plants for MSW always equip flue gas treatment devices to remove SOx, HC1, NOx, smoke, dioxin and particulate solid residues in flue gases. The solid particles produced during municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) in mass burning units may be grouped into bottom ashes (BA) and fly ashes (FA). MSWI fly ash is classified as hazardous waste because high contents of heavy metals and toxic organic compounds are possibly leached to the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to take some immobilization treatment before landfill disposal of fly ash. This research focuses on inorganic treatment for stable immobilization of toxic elements. Because the authors already found secondary mineral formation on the surface of fly ash particles under certain conditions and it was partially effective on physical immobilization of soluble elements, this study tried silicate-based inorganic treatment to promote secondary mineral formations and/or physical silicate coverage on the surface. In this study, fly ash sample was collected from a Japanese MSWI facility plant. Deionized water, hydrated silica (0.01mol/L) and sodium hydroxide (0.01mol/L) were used as inorganic agents to treat the MSWI fly ash. The inorganic agents were mixed with MSWI fly ash at the solid to liquid (L/S) ratio of 1. Moistened samples were dried at room temperature about 20 °C for about 120 hours. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to observe the morphology of fly ash particles. Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) was used to observe the surface elemental concentrations of each fly ash particle. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) was used to detect major secondary minerals. According to the measurement results of XRD, the main minerals were sylvite, halite, anhydrite, gypsum, calcite and quartz. By the results of SEM observations and XRD analysis, there is no significant difference between raw and inorganic-treated MSWI fly ash in terms of mineralogical composition. It suggests that inorganic treatment tested in this study was not effective to promote secondary mineral formations which was detectable by XRD. This study also expected physical immobilization of soluble elements by silicate coverage on the surface of fly ash particles. Therefore, the authors focused on Si distribution on fly ash particle surfaces. In order to evaluate homogeneous or heterogeneous Si coverage by hydrated silica, the authors checked certain sections of the surface of MSWI fly ash particles on which high degradation of surface elemental concentration were found by elemental mappings. Especially, chlorine (Cl), calcium (Ca), and silica (Si) were detected in higher concentrations than other sections. When line profiles of elemental concentration variations along target sections were analyzed, large variation of Si compared to Cl and Ca were observed. The results of line profile analysis suggested that sodium silica solution, sodium aluminum or sodium silica was not simply adhered to the particle surface during inorganic treatment. This means that physical immobilization by Si coating would require method modification. At least, simple mixing using hydrated silica solution generates heterogeneous Si coating on the surface of fly ash particles.

Over-expression of PPARα in obese mice adipose tissue improves insulin sensitivity

Takahashi, Haruya,Sanada, Kohei,Nagai, Hiroyuki,Li, Yongjia,Aoki, Yumeko,Ara, Takeshi,Seno, Shigeto,Matsuda, Hideo,Yu, Rina,Kawada, Teruo,Goto, Tsuyoshi Elsevier 2017 Biochemical and biophysical research communication Vol. No.

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) is important in the regulation of lipid metabolism and expressed at high levels in the liver. Although PPARα is also expressed in adipose tissue, little is known about the relationship between its activation and the regulation of glucose metabolism. In this study, we developed adipose tissue specific PPARα over-expression (OE) mice. Metabolomics and insulin tolerance tests showed that OE induces branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) profile and improvement of insulin sensitivity. Furthermore, LC-MS and PCR analyses revealed that OE changes free fatty acid (FFA) profile and reduces obesity-induced inflammation. These findings suggested that PPARα activation in adipose tissue contributes to the improvement of glucose metabolism disorders via the enhancement of BCAA and FFA metabolism.</P>

Long-term Observation of Gastric Adenocarcinoma of Fundic Gland Mucosa Type before and after Helicobacter pylori Eradication: a Case Report

Takahashi, Keitaro,Ueno, Nobuhiro,Sasaki, Takahiro,Kobayashi, Yu,Sugiyama, Yuya,Murakami, Yuki,Kunogi, Takehito,Ando, Katsuyoshi,Kashima, Shin,Moriichi, Kentaro,Tanabe, Hiroki,Kamikokura, Yuki,Yuzawa, The Korean Gastric Cancer Association 2021 Journal of gastric cancer Vol.21 No.1

Gastric adenocarcinoma of the fundic gland mucosa type (GA-FGM) was proposed as a new variant of gastric adenocarcinoma of the fundic gland type (GA-FG). However, at present, the influence of Helicobacter pylori and the speed of progression and degree of malignancy in GA-FGM remain unclear. Herein, we report the first case of intramucosal GA-FGM that was endoscopically observed before and after H. pylori eradication over 15 years. The lesion showed the same tumor size with no submucosal invasion and a low MIB-1 labeling index 15 years after its detection using endoscopy. The endoscopic morphology changed from 0-IIa before H. pylori eradication to 0-IIa+IIc and then 0-I after H. pylori eradication. These findings suggest that the unaltered tumor size reflects low-grade malignancy and slow growth, and that the endoscopic morphology is influenced by H. pylori eradication.

NMR Study of Successive Magnetic Transitions in the A-site Ordered Perovskite LaMn3Cr4O12

Yu Kawasaki,Syota Takase,Yutaka Kishimoto,Takashi Ohno,Ikuya Yamada,Kentaro Shiro,Ryoji Takahashi,Kenya Ohgushi,Norimasa Nishiyama,Toru Inoue,Tetsuo Irifune 한국물리학회 2013 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.63 No.3

We have investigated the successive magnetic phase transitions of the A-site ordered perovskiteLaMn3Cr4O12 by measuring 139La nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra. The successivemagnetic transitions are revealed by a very small but clear increase in the full width at half maximum(FWHM) of the 139La NMR signal at TM2 = 150 K and by the disappearance of the signal due to theline broadening at temperatures below TM1 = 50 K. These two magnetic transitions are associatedwith independent orderings within the Cr-site sublattice at TM2 and within the Mn-site sublatticeat TM1. Regarding the magnetic structure of the Cr-site sublattice at temperatures below TM2, thecancellation of internal fields at the La site, ruling out ferromagnetic and multi-q antiferromagneticstructures, is consistent with the typical antiferromagnetic structure for perovskites, such as G-,A- and C-type orders. The uncanceled internal field at the La site at temperatures below TM1is also consistent with these typical antiferromagnetic structures in the Mn-site sublattice. Thedifferences in the temperature dependences of the Knight shift K(T) and the bulk susceptibility χ(T) are consistently explained by the independent magnetic orderings of the Cr- and the Mn-sitesublattices and the cancellation of internal field originating from the Cr-site sublattice at the Lasite at temperatures below TM2.

Preliminary observations of surface morphology of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash particles treated by sodium carbonate, sulfate, and phosphate

( Yu Tian ),( Hiroki Kitamura ),( Astryd Viandila Dahlan ),( Takashi Yamamoto ),( Fumitake Takahashi ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2017 한국폐기물자원순환학회 심포지움 Vol.2017 No.1

Municipal solid wastes incineration (MSWI) is a commonly accepted solution in Japan for waste management by municipalities. The main products after incineration are bottom ash (BA) and fly ash (FA). The fly ash is cargorized as hazardous waste owing to high contents of heavy metals and toxic organic compounds like dioxin. It is necessary to take some immobilization treatment before landfill disposal of fly ash. The major treatment method in Japan is organic treatments such as chelating treatment. In this process, the authors found secondary mineral formations on fly ash surfaces. Because chelate reagents for organic treatment can be decomposed within several years and cause high concentraions of organic carbon in landfill leachate, this research focuses on inorganic treatments for stable immobilize of toxic elements. In this study, MSWI fly ash sample was collected from a Japanese MSWI facility plant. Materials used in this research are chelate-treated MSWI fly ash, and three kinds of inorganic reagents. They are sodium carbonate (0.01mol/L), sodium phosphate (0.01mol/L) and sodium sulfate (0.01mol/L). In organic treatment, sodium solutions were mixed with fly ash at the solid to liquid (L/S) ratio of 1. Moistened samples were dried at room temperature about 20 °C for about 5 days. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) method was used to detect major secodaiy minerals. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was used to observe the surface morphology of fly ash particles and Energy Dispersive X-Ray analyzer (EDX) equipped with SEM was used to measure elemental distribtuions of fly ash particle surfaces. According to the experiment results of XRD, the main crystals were sylvite, halite, anhydrite, gypsum, calcite and quartz. There is no significant difference bteween raw and inorganic-treated MSWI fly ash. It suggests that inorganic treatment did not promote secondary mineral formations which were detecable by XRD. SEM-EDX analysis showed that raw, chelate-treated and inorganic-treated MSWI fly ash particles consist mainly of Na, K, Cl, Ca, Al, and Si. According to SEM observations, significant differences of surface morphology of fly ash after inorganic treatment were not found in spite of chelate-treated MSWI fly ash. Although inomgaic treatments were expected to promote the formations of calcite (CaCO₃), gypsum (CaSO₄·2H₂O) and apatite (Ca₅(PO₄)₃(OH)₂), experimental conditions should be improved in particular water content, pH, and reaction time.

Isolation of Coralmycins A and B, Potent Anti-Gram Negative Compounds from the Myxobacteria <i>Corallococcus coralloides</i> M23

Kim, Yu Jin,Kim, Hyun-Ju,Kim, Geon-Woo,Cho, Kyungyun,Takahashi, Shunya,Koshino, Hiroyuki,Kim, Won-Gon American Society of Pharmacognosy 2016 Journal of natural products Vol.79 No.9

<P>Two new potent anti-Gram negative compounds, coralmycins A (1) and B (2), were isolated from cultures of the myxobacteria Corallococcus coralloides M23, together with another derivative (3) that was identified as the very recently reported cystobactamid 919-2. Their structures including the relative stereochemistry were elucidated by interpretation of spectroscopic, optical rotation, and CD data. The relative stereochemistry of 3 was revised to 'S*R*' NMR analysis. The antibacterial activity of 1 was most potent against Gram-negative pathogens, including Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumanii, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. with MICs of 0.1-4 mu g/mL; these MICs were 4-10 and 40-100 times stronger than the antibacterial activities of 3 and 2, respectively. Thus, these data indicated that the beta-methoxyasparagine unit and the hydroxy group of the benzoic acid unit were critical for antibacterial activity.</P>

Clinical Evaluation and Treatment of Soft Tissue Sarcomas in Japan

Katsuhito Takahashi,Hisako Yamamura,Yukihiro Koike,Hiroyuki Narahara,Yu Ooyama,Shin-ichi Toyooka,Yasuo Oono,Satoshi Teraoka 대한종양외과학회 2014 대한임상종양학회 학술대회지 Vol.2014 No.3

Numerical Analyses of Local Damage of Concrete Slabs by Normal Impact of Deformable Solid Projectiles

Ling-Yu Xu,Fei Cai,Ying-Ying Xue,Chiaki Takahashi,Yong-Yi Li 대한토목학회 2019 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.23 No.12

Deformable solid projectiles undergo projectile mushrooming during impact and thus are different from rigid and soft hollow projectiles; however, limited work has been conducted on the impact of deformable solid projectiles on concrete targets. In this study, an explicit dynamic finite element procedure is employed to study nine existing experimental tests on the normal impact of a deformable solid (lead) projectile into a plain concrete (PC) slab. To correctly model the impact, both non-linear material response and progressive finite element erosion have been taken into account for the deformable solid projectile and the PC slab. The numerical results are compared with experimental results in terms of different modes of local damage to the PC slab and the maximum penetration depth of the PC slab. The mechanism of the front cratering, the scabbing, and the perforation of concrete target under the impact of deformable solid projectile and the effect of projectile rigidity on the local damage to the PC slab are investigated. A dose-response relation is used to describe the variation of the maximum penetration depth with the impact velocity. Some model parameters that most affect the simulation results are also highlighted.