남송중기 황간(黃榦)이 한양군(漢陽軍)에서 실시한 진휼(賑恤) -그의 황정(荒政) 기록을 통해서 본 이곳 거주민의 모습-

김영제 ( Kim¸ Youngjae ) 중국사학회 2021 中國史硏究 Vol.- No.131

This article examines the relief works performed by Huang Gan who was a great Daoxue(道學) scholar as well as the local governor of the Hanyang prefecture in the mid-Southern Song period. Through this research, some significant discoveries about the local situations of the backward regions like the Hanyang prefecture and the local relief system during the Southern Song could have been made. Above all, the Hanyang prefecture had different relief system from the other regions then. While the Hanyang prefecture did not have any disaster relief agency like Yicang(義倉), the state-operating granaries like the Changpingcang(常平倉), which had usually played the role of the adjustment of grain prices in the regions, took over the role of the Yichang. When Huang took the post of prefect, a severe drought struck the region. Since it quickly revealed that the drought was beyond the limitations of Changpingcang, Huang established a new relief organization like the Baowu(保伍) system, an organization of mutual assistance by the local people. By allowing the local rich to provide the poor with the relief rice, the Southern Song government rewarded government posts to the rich as compensation instead. Through the Baowu system, in addition, Huang was able to grasp the exact circumstances of the damage with considerable efficiency. Not only as the local prefect but as a Daoxue scholar, on the other hand, Huang eventually succeeded in drought relief through establishing a local autonomous relief system like the Shecang(社倉) by Zhu Xi(朱熹)’s. Above of all, however, the most significant contribution of this research is that it kindly helped us to understand how the local government and local community could have coped with the severe disaster together during the Southern Song period.

Comparison of the physicochemical properties of fermented squid sauce supplemented with vitamin C and commercial low-salt soy sauces

Youngjae Cho,Junggyu Lee,Yoon Jung Lee,HeeJeong Choi,SangYoon Lee,Dong Hyeon Park,JingJing Bai,Eunji Kwak,Junhwan Bae,Honggyun Kim,Mi-Jung Choi 한국산업식품공학회 2017 학술대회 및 심포지엄 Vol.2017 No.11

Salt is generally used for food seasonings and preservations as a common ingredient. However, excess salt intake has generated health issues such as high blood pressure, osteoporosis, stroke, and heart diseases. Recently, desires and interests of low-salt cooking have been increased among people who want healthy diets. The aim of study was to compare the physicochemical characteristics of a fermented squid sauce added with vitamin C and commercial low-salt soy sauces. Thawed and crushed squids were fermented until the solid squid became liquid at 25°C with an addition of 5% (g/g) vitamin C. Then, fermented squid sauce was heated at 100°C for 30 min and filtered. All samples were measured in multiple aspects of amino acid nitrogen, salt, sugar and water content, pH, chromaticity and brown color, and sensory test. In the results, color values showed no significantly difference between all the samples (p>0.05). Water content value of the fermented squid sauce was the highest among samples. Brown color, salt contents and sugar contents of the fermented squid sauce were significantly different than other low salt soy sauces with an exception of the sauce made with functional salt. These results showed a similar tendency as those of sensory evaluation. As conclusion, the possibility of fermented squid sauce added with vitamin C showed a possibility as a candidate of low-salt soy sauce.

DSC and physical property analysis by mixed ratio of mixed vegetable oil and temperature

Youngjae Cho,Honggyun Kim,Eunji Kwak,Junggyu Lee,Junhwan Bae,SangYoon Lee,Yoon Jung Lee,HeeJeong Choi,Dong Hyeon Park,JingJing Bai,Mi-Jung Choi 한국산업식품공학회 2017 학술대회 및 심포지엄 Vol.2017 No.11

In this study, we investigated the change of physical properties associated with the temperature of vegetable mixed oil and fat in order to produce vegetable oil and fat suitable for plant meat production. The canola oil and coconut oil were mixed at various weight ratios, and the phase change temperatures by the ratio of two oils were measured using the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Storage modulus (G'), loss modulus (G") and viscosity were measured using a rheometer at 20-40°C and 0.4 Hz-100 Hz. Storage modulus (G') at constant frequency (10 Hz) was measured in a continuous section of 10-50°C. As the coconut oil content increased, the peak of the melting point moved to the lower side. The viscosity was higher in order of canola oil, mixed oil, and coconut oil, and the viscosity showed a tendency to decrease as the temperature increased. In the liquid state, it showed a tendency to increase after the value of storage modulus (G') and loss modulus (G") decreased from 0.634 Hz-1 Hz. The conversion time point of storage modulus (G') of continuous temperature change is consistent with the melting point temperature of DSC, as the passed start at 10°C, storage modulus (G') increased with an exception of canola oil. Using these results, we will pursue to produce a mixed plant oil applicable to the production of vegetable meat.

Correlation between postpartum depression and premenstrual dysphoric disorder: Single center study

( Youngjae Lee ),( Sangwook Yi ),( Dahye Ju ),( Sangsoo Lee ),( Wooseok Sohn ),( Inju Kim ) 대한산부인과학회 2015 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.58 No.5

To describe the prevalence and correlates of the postpartum depression and premenstrual dysphoric disorderOne hundred sixty six women were assessed around 10th to 14th days after delivery in Gangneung Asan Hospital, Korea, from September 2011 to March 2012. We checked their risk factors for postpartum depressive disorders using the Beck Depression Inventory and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder was evaluated retrospectively and was defined as having more than 5 of the following 10 symptoms: breast tenderness, bloating, headache, peripheral edema (hand and foot), depressive symptoms, anger, irritability, anxiety, oversensitivity, and exaggerated mood swings.The prevalence rate of postpartum depression using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale ≥10 and Beck Depression Inventory ≥10 was 13.9% (23/166). We found statistical differences (P<0.01) between the postpartum depression group and the postpartum non-depression group in smoking history, past history of psychiatric problems, and level of marital satisfaction. The prevalence rate of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) was 9% (15/166) and among 23 women in the postpartum depression group, eight were determined to have premenstrual dysphoric disorder, yielding a prevalence rate of 34.8% (8/23). Among 143 women in the postpartum non-depression group, seven were determined to have PMS, yielding a prevalence rate of 4.9% (7/143). A correlation between postpartum depression and PMS was thus found (P<0.01).PMS appears to be associated with postpartum depression. This means that a hormone-related etiology appears to be one risk factor for postpartum depression.

An Input-Feedforward Multibit Adder-Less <tex> $\Delta{-}\Sigma$</tex> Modulator for Ultrasound Imaging Systems

Youngjae Jung,Hyungdong Roh,Jeongjin Roh IEEE 2013 IEEE transactions on instrumentation and measureme Vol.62 No.8

<P>This paper describes a high-speed delta-sigma modulator with 65-nm CMOS technology for ultrasound imaging systems. The delta-sigma modulator is based on a 4th-order single-loop switched-capacitor architecture with a 4-bit quantizer. The designed modulator has the advantages associated with input-feedforward architecture, such as the reduced output swing of the integrator, which relaxes the amplifiers' design requirements. Due to the power and area overheads and the timing constraint of the active adder in the conventional multibit input-feedforward modulator, we use an adder-less input-feedforward delta-sigma architecture. As a result, the designed architecture eliminates the extra power consumption and silicon area required by the adder. The designed architecture also relaxes the timing requirement for the quantizer and the dynamic element-matching block compared with the conventional delta-sigma modulator. The modulator achieves a dynamic range of 76dB and a peak signal-to-noise-plus-distortion ratio of 72.3 dB in a signal bandwidth of 6 MHz. The power consumption is 18.5 mW with 1.2-V supply voltage, and the chip core size is 0.25 mm<SUP>2</SUP>. The energy required per conversion step is 0.46 pJ/conv.</P>

Natural Frequencies of Euler-Bernoulli Beam with Open Cracks on Elastic Foundations

Youngjae Shin,Jonghak Yun,Kyeongyoun Seong,Jaeho Kim,Sunghwang Kang 대한기계학회 2006 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.20 No.4

A study of the natural vibrations of beam resting on elastic foundation with finite number of transverse open cracks is presented. Frequency equations are derived for beams with different end restraints. Euler-Bernoulli beam on Winkler foundation and Euler-Bernoulli beam on Pasternak foundation are investigated. The cracks are modeled by massless substitute spring. The effects of the crack location, size and its number and the foundation constants, on the natural frequencies of the beam, are investigated.

Ratchet Limit Analysis of 90º back-to-back Pipe Bends with Local Wall Thinning against to Steady Internal Pressure and Cyclic Bending Moment

Youngjae Choi(최영재),Nak-Kyun Cho(조락균) 대한기계학회 2023 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2023 No.6

Correlation between caudal pulmonary artery diameter to body surface area ratio and echocardiography-estimated systolic pulmonary arterial pressure in dogs

Youngjae Lee,Wooshin Choi,Donghoon Lee,장진화,Ji-Houn Kang,Ji-hye Choi,Dongwoo Chang 대한수의학회 2016 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.17 No.2

Caudal pulmonary artery diameter (CPAD) to body surface area (BSA) ratios were measured in ventrodorsal thoracic radiographs to assess the correlation between CPAD to BSA ratios and systolic pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) in dogs. Thoracic radiographs of 44 dogs with systolic pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and 55 normal dogs were evaluated. Systolic PAP was estimated by Doppler echocardiography. CPADs were measured at their largest point at the level of tracheal bifurcation on ventrodorsal radiographs. Both right and left CPAD to BSA ratios were significantly higher in the PAH group than in the normal group (p < 0.0001). Linear regression analysis showed positive associations between PAP and right and left CPAD to BSA ratio (right, p = 0.0230; left, p = 0.0012). The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that the CPAD to BSA ratio had moderate diagnostic accuracy for detecting PAH. The operating point, sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve were 28.35, 81.40%, 81.82%, and 0.870; respectively, for the right side and 26.92, 80.00%, 66.67%, and 0.822, respectively, for the left. The significant correlation of CPAD to BSA ratio with echocardiography-estimated systolic PAP supports its use in identifying PAH on survey thoracic radiographs in dogs.

Haplotype-phased Genome Assemblies of Octoploid Strawberry Revealed the Resistance Genes to Phytophthora Crown Rot (PhCR) Caused by Phytophthora cactorum

Youngjae Oh,Hyeondae Han,Saket Chandra,Upinder Gill,Yoon Jeong Jang,Young-Hee Noh,Sadikshya Sharma,Dominique Pincot,Mitchell J. Feldmann,Sachiko Isobe,Steve Knapp,Vance M. Whitaker,Seonghee Lee 한국원예학회 2023 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2023 No.5

Peripheral State Interests and the Belt and Road Initiative: Why Pakistan and Sri Lanka Have Strengthened Ties with China

Youngjae Pak(박영재) 한국외국어대학교 인도연구소 2019 남아시아연구 Vol.25 No.3

본 논문에서는 중국이 추진 중인 일대일로 (一帶一路) 사업에 포함된 두 개의 남아시아 국가인 파키스탄과 스리랑카의 사례를 집중적으로 분석하고 있다. 파키스탄과 스리랑카는 경제 개발에 어려움을 겪어 왔으며 지정학적으로 불안정한 지역에 놓여 있는 동시에 자체 군사력이 약한 국가로 분류 된다. 이 논문에서는 파키스탄과 스리랑카를 두 가지 점에서 주변국 (peripheral state)으로 정의하고자 한다. 첫째, 양국은 종속이론에서 등장하는 중심과 대비되는 주변에 해당한다. 둘째, 일대일로 (一帶一路) 사업과 관련한 분쟁에서 양국의 입장이 충분히 분석이 되지 않았기에 일대일로 (一帶一路) 분쟁 논의에서의 주변국에 해당 된다는 것이다. 중국의 일대일로 (一帶一路) 사업에서 파키스탄의 과다르 (Gwadar) 항구와 스리랑카의 함반토타 (Hambantota) 항구는 남아시아를 넘어서 유럽, 아프리카와 중동을 연결해주는 중요한 역할을 하고 있다. 이 두 남아시아 국가가 어떤 경로로 중국과 외교 관계가 더 긴밀히 가까워졌으며 어떤 식으로 일대일로 (一帶一路)에 참여하게 되었는지 검토하고 있다. 또한 이 과정에서 파키스탄과 스리랑카는 어떤 이해관계를 고려하여 미국으로부터 멀어지고 중국에 더 가까워지게 되었는지 살펴본다. 일대일로 (一帶一路) 사업이 진행되기 전 미국의 남아시아 외교 정책의 맹점을 분석하고 시행 후 정책 실패에 대해 설명하고 있다. 이에 미국 외교 정책의 맹점과 실패로 남아시아 국제 관계가 어떻게 변해왔는지 파악하고 있다. 끝으로 향후 남아시아에서 미국과 인도 등 다른 강대국이 중국의 확대 정책에 대처 방안을 강구하기 쉽지 않을 것이라고 전망한다. Increased shakiness in the U.S.-led liberal international order has brought more spotlight upon Xi Jinping’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). With contending views regarding the rise of China and the possibility over Chinese expansionary foreign policy across the BRI, there has been limited discussion of peripheral states and the very interests they hold. This paper seeks to delve into the interests of two key peripheral states located in South Asia participating in the BRI. Pakistan and Sri Lanka lie in key geostrategic positions, and they have both granted access and control to ports to China. This paper pushes forth the argument that these states have entered into agreements with China seeking continued economic aid and militaristic protection amidst faulty U.S. foreign policy and posturing in South Asia. Whereas the U.S. has been inconsistent in aid provisions while unwaveringly criticizing the two states, China has consistently delivered aid and protective measures. In pushing forward with deals and measures provided along China’s BRI, the peripheral states of Pakistan and Sri Lanka depict cases of the U.S. losing influence across a war-time ally and a long-neglected actor, respectively in South Asia.