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음식점 비흡연 종업원의 간접흡연 노출량 지표로써 이산화질소 이용
양원호,고영림,한인규,이정민,정문식,정문호 대한위생학회 2000 대한환경위생공학회지 Vol.15 No.3
There, is increasing evidence suggesting that passive smoking increases the risk of lung cancer and other disease. though the potential health effects of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is a controversial subject. Since smoking in restaurant is prevalent in Korea. The concern on passive smoking exposure of non smoking service workers has been. requested. ETS exposure of non smoking service workers at restaurant was assessed because they have spent their times in restaurant indoors. The purpose of this study was feasibility of nitrogen dioxide(NO_(2))as exposure marker of ETS. The results of the study were as follows: 1. Average NO_(2), concentrations in indoor and outdoor at restaurants were 57.01ppb(±12.4) and 54.29ppb(±9.54), respectively. Comparing office-workers, service-workers at restaurants were exposured highly. 2. The personal NO_(2) measurement as exposure marker of ETS could cause The exposure error because NO_(2) can he generated by combustion appliances in indoor. 3. Service-workers spent their most time (86.6%) in indoor. Mean time spent at restaurant indoors and at home was 9.4 hours and 10.9 hours. respectively. 4. Personal NO_(2) levels correlated with indoor NO_(2) concentrations of restaurant (r=0.70) and of their home (r= 0.52) rather than of outdoor NO_(2) concentration of restaurant (r=0.35). The causes of personal NO_(2) exposure of non-smoking service-workers were considered as smoking of guests and combustion appliance indoors. 5. Personal NO_(2) exposures were estimated using Monte-Carlo simulation and time-weighted model. Estimated personal NO_(2) level was 47.2ppb (±8.3).
Urinary Levels of phthalate metabolites in Korean population: KorSEP data, 2009
( Kyoung Mu Lee ),( Young Lim Kho ),( Jae Buhm Chun ),( Pan Gyi Kim ),( Suk Hwan Park ),( Jin Heon Lee ) 대한보건협회 2011 대한보건협회 보건종합학술대회 Vol.2011 No.-
[Background] Phthalates are ubiquitous industrial chemicals used as plasticizers, solvents, lubricants, and stabilizers in the manufacture of consumer products such as children`s toys, medical equipment and medications, cosmetics, and food packaging. Assessing human exposure to phthalates is of interest because of their potential adverse health effects, particularly among the young. [Objective] The national survey for environmental exposure monitoring in 2009 were funded by Korea Food of Drug Administration (KFDA) with a view to assessing human exposure to selected chemicals including phthalates and identifying major sources of them. [Methods] The subjects of our study aged between 18 and 70 were selected through stratified sampling nationwide and interviewed by trained interviewers using structured questionnaire to collect information on general characteristics, use of plastics, dietary habits related with potential exposure to phthalates. Total 1,874 urine samples were collected and stored at -20℃ until measurement for 10 selected metabolites of phthalates using HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography). Out of 10 metabolites, six ones were selected for further statistical analyses based on proportion of samples over LOQ (limit of quantification), i.e, MnBP, MiBP, MbZP, MeHP, MeOHP, and MeHHP. For each urinary levels (ug per gram creatinine), geometric mean and 50th, 75th, 90th, 95th were represented. Given the distribution of response variable deviates from normal distribution, log transformation was performed, and then tested for its statistical significance. Differences by selected variables were analyzed for statistical significance by ANCOVA (analysis of covariance) adjusted for age, sex, income, and body mass index. [Results] Common phthalate metabolites included MnBP (GM=41.7, GSE=1.9), MeHHP (38.1, 1.9), MeOHP (17.5, 1.9), MiBP (17.0, 2.2), and MBzP (15.8, 2.8), whereas the proportion of data above LOQ was less than 20 for MCHP, MnOP, MiNP, and MiDP. The levels for the six metabolites tended to be higher compared to those from the national survey in US (NHANES), and lower compared to those from the national survey in Germany (GerES4). Significant correlations between the six urinary metabolites were observed. Urinary level of phthalates were observed to be higher among subjects with older age, females, subjects with higher body mass index (BMI), and lower income.
Acute Effects of Tobacco and Non-tobacco Cigarette Smoking on the Blood Pressure and Heart Rate
Kho Young-Lim,Yi Sang-Gu,Lee Eun-Hee,Chung Moon-Ho Korean Society of Environmental Health 2006 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.32 No.3
Smoking of tobacco cigarettes is associated with a rise in blood pressure together with increase in heart rate. This study was aimed to examine the acute effect of tobacco and non-tobacco cigarette smoking on the blood pressure and heart rate by randomized crossover study. In the results, systolic/diastolic blood pressure and heart rate changes after smoking were significantly different between male and female group. Blood pressure and heart rate were elevated after smoking, but statistical significance for the difference was identified only in the female group. Because Non-tobacco smoke made from leaves of E. ulmoides has no nicotine, its effect on blood pressure and heart rate was negligible. Remarkable difference of heart rate changes in women was observed between tobacco cigarette smoking group and non-tobacco cigarette smoking group.
Young Lim Kho,Se Hwan Jung,Deuk Sang Ma,Jae In Ryu,Jung Hee Hwang 한국환경보건학회 2005 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.31 No.6
:This study aimed to determine the fluoride intakes in 120 preschool children aged 3 to 6 residing in Jumunjin (community water fluoridation area) and Gangneung (non-fluoridation area). The parents were asked to collect 24-hour urine samples and to duplicate the samples of all the diets that their children ingested in the day of urine collection. The acid-diffusible fluoride in the food and non-carbonate beverages were isolated by the acid-diffusion technique and then measured with a fluoride electrode. The fluoride in carbonate beverages, drinking waters and urine samples were measured directly with a fluoride electrode. The geometric mean (geometric standard deviation) of daily fluoride intakes from all kinds of diet was 5.99 (2.27) g/kg /day in the children in Gangneung and that of the children in Jumunjin was 18.36 (2.69). The amount of fluoride intake by food and drinking water in fluoridation area were significantly larger than that in non-fluoridation area but the statistical difference of fluoride intake by beverages between two areas was not observed. The GMs (GSDs) of daily fluoride excretion by urine of children in non-fluoridation area and in fluoridation area were 8.39 (1.73) and 18.62 (1.77) g/kg/day, respectively. The correlation between fluoride intake from diet excluding beverage and urinary excretion was statistically significant. It is concluded that the amount of fluoride intake of children living in fluoridation area did not exceed the upper intake level to avoid the risk of dental fluorosis (2.2 mg/day in 4- to 8-year-olds) and urinary excretion of fluoride was good indicator of fluoride intake from diets.
LC/MS/MS를 이용한 산화성 스트레스 지표로써 소변 중 8-iso-PGF2α 분석
고영림(Young Lim Kho),이은희(Eun Hee Lee),채홍재(Hong Jae Chae),최경호(Kyungho Choi),백도명(Domyung Paik) 한국환경보건학회 2010 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.36 No.1
This study aimed to develop analytical method for 8-isoprostanes as biomarkers for oxidative stress with LC/MS/MS technique and to apply the method for human urine samples. Analyzed compounds for urinary oxidative stress markers were 7 stereo-isomers of prostaglandins and the internal standard (iso-PGF2α-d4) was used to adjust the recovery rate. The method for determining urinary iso-PGF2α consisted of solid phase extraction and LC/MS/MS detection. Separation of isomers of prostaglandins completed by porous graphitic carbon column and buffer solution. Detection limits for urinary markers of oxidative stress, iso-PGF2α with LC/MS/MS were 0.01 ng/ml by S/N ratio 3 and 0.028 ng/ml by calculated as to FDA method. The recovery (92.8~101.9%) and precision (8.8~20.7%) of analysis were feasible for detecting iso-PGF2α in real human urine samples. We detected 4 isomers of prostaglandins in human urine samples. Mean (standard deviation) of urinary iso-PGF2α concentration were 0.231 (0.117) ng/mg creatinine for smoking group and 0.154 (0.082) ng/mg creatinine for non-smoking group.
소규모 염색공장 폐수의 특성 및 펜톤 산화를 이용한 처리 가능성 연구
고영림(Young Lim Kho),조준호(Jun Ho Cho),박석환(Seok Hwan Park),정문식(Moon Shik Zong) 한국환경보건학회 1999 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.25 No.2
Dyehouse wastewater has many environmental problems with their high pollutant concentration and color. Wastewater of Small dyehouses in Seoul were sampled and analyzed the physicochemical characteristics and investigated the influence of various experimental parameters of Fenton oxidation, such as pH, feeding rate of H₂O₂ and FeSO₄, reaction time and temperature and measured the COD removal efficiency by Fenton oxidation. In the analysis of raw dyehouse wastewater, high correlationship was shown between the APHA apparent color and visible wavelength peak absorbance and between COD cone. and UV peak absorbance. Hydrogen peroxide was very important in the Fenton oxidation and feasible amount of hydrogen peroxide was 0.1 ~ 0.3 ml/l to the wastewater of low COD cone. and 0.3 ~ 0.5 ml/I to the high COD cone. Efficiency of COD removal by Fenton oxidation was highest in pH 3.5. The efficiency was not low in pH 7 and the possibility of oxidation in neutral pH was shown. At the high COD wastewater, the feasible amount of oxidants were determined to 0.5~1 ml/I H₂O₂, 1200 ml/l FeSO₄·7H₂O, and at the low COD wastewater 0.5 ml/l H₂O₂, 800 ml/l FeSO₄·7H₂O. As the remained COD cone. was high after Fenton Oxidation of the wastewater with high raw COD, additional treatment should be considered to emit treated water.