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산소분압열처리를 이용한 폐기물산화철로부터의 단상 및 복합상 산화철의 제조
임희대,이찬규,허석환,박연준 國立 昌原大學校 産業技術硏究所 1998 産技硏論文集 Vol.12 No.-
Oxygen pressure heat-treatment with CO-CO2 gas mixture was introduced to purify the waste oxidized iron in shortblast process. To determine the temperture and oxygen partial pressure, Fe-O phase diagrams was used. single phase FeO, Fe₃O₄and composite phase FeO-Fe₃O₄, Fe-FeO could be obtained sucessfully in the range of 10(-17)∼10(-19) in Po₂at 800℃.
정치적 통합과 안정 : 정치적 충원의 신중성 : 텍스트[孟子]에의 분석
이윤환,윤대식 建陽大學校 1998 建陽論叢 Vol.- No.6
Of many thinkers in Confucian tradition, Mencius stands on the very special position. In contrasted with Confucius, he lived in Warring States Period. The text Mencius contains Mencius' own political thought obviously, he himself was very political. Mencous' historical view is based on his own understanding of situation. His cyclic view alternating order and chaos every five hundreds years in history is very original. Reflecting history, Mencius believed that new prince and order coming soon inevitably. To verify it, he constitenly preceding example as ideal model. Mencius intended to gain legitimacy of political power and to establish stability in political unity. He had aspiration for new king and order to achieve his aim. To realize it, he distinguished between Kingly government and Power government. On one hand, Kingly government is ruled by king who has virtue and benevolence. On the other hand, Power government is ruled by force. He supposed how to realize Kingly government, and emphasized virtue and benevolence. Especially he demanded that king and political elites in political process should cultivate benevolence as personal virtue. Mencius recognized that nature of politics should be 'for the people,' and statemen should take care of their people. Therefore political recruitment is needed prudence. Regardless of status and positions, talents and ambitions was the first principle of political recruitment at that time. But struggle for political hegemony in Warring States Period was enlarged, Mencius regarded that it was attribute to an unprincipled race for the spoils of success. He judged this situation as growing conditions that new king and order coming soon. Political legitimacy depends on political unity and order.
박설현,윤정환,서동표,정대훈,오율권 朝鮮大學校 機械技術硏究所 2000 機械技術硏究 Vol.3 No.1
Polymer drag reduction can offer a attractive way to utilize ready-made facilities in crude-oil transport system without additional large expenditure. Also, drag reduction in two phase flow can be applied to phase change system such as chemical reactor, pool and pump impeller which occurs cavitation. But the research on drag reduction in two phase flow has not been investigated. Therefore, experimental investigations have been carried out to analyze the drag reduction in the single phase and two phase flow. The objectives of the proposed investigation are primarily to identify and develop high performance polymer additives for fluid transportation. And drag reduction will be evaluated in horizontal flow by measuring void fraction, pressure drop, mean liquid velocity and turbulent intensity
태충(太衝) 및 양지(陽池)의 전침(電針)이 실험(實驗)的으로 유발(誘發)된 백서(白鼠)의 간보호효과(肝保護效果)에 미치는 영향(影響)
윤대환 ( Dae Hwan Youn ),나창수 ( Chang Su Na ) 대한경락경혈학회 2006 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.23 No.2
목적: 본 연구는 太衝 및 陽池穴에 대한 電鍼이 galactosamine을 이용한 백서의 肝毒性을 실험적으로 유발시킨 모델에서 豫防效果를 알아보고자 혈청중의 γ-GTP, GOT, GPT, LDH, total bilirubin, total cholesterol, triglyceride의 변화를 관찰하였다. 방법: 간독성은 각 군들은 간독성을 유발하지 않고 무처치한 정상군, 간독성을 유발하고 난 후 무처치한 대조군, 각각 10 Hz, 50 Hz, 100 Hz 전침을 20일간 10회 시행한 후 간독성을 유발한 Pre 10, Pre 50, Pre 100군 등으로 분류하였다. 결과: 太衝·陽池穴에 대한 電鍼 治療의 豫防效果에서는 Pre 10군에서는 γ-GTP, GOT, GPT, total cholesterol, triglyceride이 Pre 50군에서는 γ-GTP, GOT, GPT, LDH, total bilirubin, total cholesterol이, Pre 100군에서는 γ-GTP, GOT, LDH, total bilirubin, total cholesterol이 대조군에 비해 감소하였다. 결론: 위의 결과를 종합해보면 간독성에 대하여 太衝·陽池穴의 電鍼을 시행한 모든 군에서 간기능과 지질대사에서 간손상에 대한 유의한 예방효과를 나타내었다.
저준위 레이져 요법이 고지방식이(高脂肪食餌)로 유발(誘發)된 고지혈증(高指血症),비만백서(肥滿白鼠)의 혈청지질(血淸脂質) 및 간기능(肝機能)에 미치는 영향(影響)
윤대환 ( Dae Hwan Youn ),이유경 ( Yu Kyung Lee ),최동희 ( Dong Hee Choi ),김성철 ( Sung Chul Kim ),나창수 ( Chang Su Na ) 대한경락경혈학회 2004 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.21 No.4
Objectives: Laser therapy started hi 1958 when Schawlow and Townes suggested medical value of Laser therapy. He-Ne laser has been utilized as a clinical treatment for various diseases by Flog since 1975. Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) has been used as medication for controlling obesity in the Korean Medicine. So this study is planned to investigate the effects of LLLT on the level of serum lipid and weight gain. Methods: Experimental groups were divided into normal group(Normal), high fat diet group(Control), high fat diet and LLLT by helium-neon (He-Ne) on the tail is carried out once a 2 day during 5 weeks. The animals were divided into six groups: no ischemia-induced and no LLLT-treated group (Normal), the ischemia-induced and no LLLT-treated group (Control), the ischemia-induced and 5 mW 5 min LLLT-treated group (LLLT5-5), the ischemia-induced and 30 mW 5 min LLLT-treated group (LLL30-5), the ischemia-induced and 5 mW 10 min LLLT-treated group (LLLT5-10), 30 mW 10 min LLLT-treated group (LLLT30-10). The effect of LLLT is observed by weight gain, food intake, food efficiency, serum of lipid concentrations, liver function and HDL to total cholesterol ratio of rats fed high fat diet for 5weeks. Results: Body weight and food intake were decreased in LLL5-5, LLLT30-5, LLLT30-10. Food efficiency was decreased in LLLT30-10. The level of serum Triglyceride, Free fatty acid, AST, ALT, ALP were decreased in LLLT30-10. Serum HDL-cholesterol was increase in LLLT5-10, LLLT30-10. Also serum ALT was decrease in LLLT5-5. Conclusions: LLLT(30 mW-10 min) is effective on Body weight, food efficiency ratio, the level of serum lipid and protection of liver function by obesity induced by high fat diet, and LLLT(5 mW-5 min) act on decrease of Body weight, food intake and ALT.
동충하초(冬蟲夏草) 약침(藥鍼)이 백서(白鼠)의 기관지평활근(氣管支平滑筋) 장력(張力)과 염증(炎症) 및 면역(免疫) 반응(反應)에 미치는 영향(影響)
윤대환 ( Dae Hwan Youn ),최관준 ( Gwan Jun Choi ),채우석 ( Woo Seok Chae ),나창수 ( Chang Su Na ) 대한경락경혈학회 2004 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.21 No.2
Objectives: It has been reported that Cordyceps militaris Mycelia(CMM) has an effect on deficiency allergic asthma(虛喘) clinically. The aim of this study was to determine an appropriate oriental treatment and the doses of CMM to treat asthma. Methods: In order to study the effect of herbal acupuncture solution of the CMM on allergic asthma, the mouse were pretreated by CMM herbal acupuncture at BL13, LU4 before antigen sensitization. 2 days later Mice were actively sensitized with a subcutaneous injection of ovalbumin(OA) and 13 days later they were provoked with OA aerosols. IL-4, lymphocyte, macrophage in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF), IgE in serum, WBC, RBC, HGB in blood, and in vitro isometric contractile responses of the isolated tracheal smooth muscle(TSM) to acetylcholine(ACh, 0.1-1000 μM), KCl were measured. Results: Contractile responses of TSM to ACh were significantly increased in CMM herbal acupuncture 1 group (Ach 1000 μM), CMM herbal acupuncture 2 group (ACh 1, 10 μM), CMM herbal acupuncture 3 group (Ach 0.3, 1, 30, 300 μM). The sensitivity of TSM to ACh was significantly decreased in CMM herbal acupuncture 3 group. The maximal contractile response of TSM to ACh was significantly decreased in CMM herbal acupuncture 1, 3 group. The maximal contractile response of TSM to KCl was significantly decreased in CMM herbal acupuncture 1, 2, 3 group. The counts of lymphocytes in BALF was significantly increased in CMM herbal acupuncture 3 group. The counts of macrophages in BALF was significantly decreased in CMM herbal acupuncture 3 group. Interleukin-4 level in BALF was significantly increased in CMM herbal acupuncture 1,3 group. and it was increased in CMM herbal acupuncture 2 group, but there was no significance. Serum IgE level was significantly decreased in CMM herbal acupuncture 1, 2, 3 group. The counts of WBC in blood was significantly increased in CMM herbal acupuncture 1, 3 group. Conclusion: Based on the above results it is assumed that CMM herbal acupuncture at BL13, LU4 can help the treatment of deficiency allergic Asthma.
수소음심경(手少陰心經)의 형화혈(滎火穴) 소부(少府), 합수혈(合水穴) 소해(少海) 침자(鍼刺)가 소충(少衝) 부위(部位) 체표온도(體表溫度)에 미치는 영향(影響)
윤대환 ( Dae Hwan Youn ),박준성 ( Jun Sung Park ),나창수 ( Chang Su Na ) 대한경락경혈학회 2002 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.19 No.2
Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the Effect of Acupuncture Stimulation of Sohae(H3) and Sobu(H8) Acupoint on Skin Temperature of Sochung Acupint(H9, the end acupoint of Heart Meridian). Sohae and Sobu acupoint has a property of water and fire in the Five agents on Heart Meridian. Methods: Subjects were four healthy oriental medical students volunteers(male, mean age-28). One group(two subjects) received acupuncture on Sohae acupoint(H3) and the other group(two subjects) on Sobu acupoint(H8) while resting. Skin temperature was measured on Sochung acupoint(H9) before, during, and after acupunture stimulation. Each test took 15minutes. The initial 5minutes were definded as BAS(Before Acupuncture Stimulation) period, the following 5minutes as DAS(During Acupuncture Stimulation) period, the last 5minutes as AAS(After Acupuncture Stimulation) period. This test wsa performed twice in order to increase the statistical authenticity. Results: Our result indicates that acupuncrue stimulation of Sohae acupoint(H3) decreased and Sobu acupoint(H8) increased skin temperature on Sochung acupoint(H9) in the DAS period. The changes remained throughout the AAS period. Our conculusion are that stimulaton of the Water and Fire property-acupoint(H3, H8) on Heart changes the skin temperature on Sochung acupoint on the same Heart Meridian. However this srudy has no authenticity because it had no regard for many factors effecting on the result and the result of the study was the very reverse of our expectation.
윤대환 ( Dae Hwan Youn ),박종승 ( Jong Seung Park ),김용성 ( Young Sung Kim ),김정상 ( Jeong Sang Kim ),나창수 ( Chang Su Na ) 대한경락경혈학회 2004 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.20 No.2
Objectives: The aim of this experiment is to investigate the effects of moxibustion on SP6, Sp9 and BL28 in uranyl acetate-induced acute renal failure in rats. Methods: To induce experimental acute renal failure, uranyl acetate was intraperitoneally injected to rats by 5mg/kg. 3 days later moxibustion treatment was done at SP6, Sp9 and BL28 bilaterally of the rats. And then 4 days later, we measured rats` body weight, kidney weight, serum BUN, creatinine and serum electrolytic levels(Na, K and Cl). Results: In the SP6 group, serum BUN were significantly decreased (P<0.01). In the BL28 group, serum Na level were significantly decreased (P<0.05). In the SP6·SP9 group, serum creatinine level were significantly increased but serum Na level, serum Cl level were significantly decreased(P<0.05). In the SP6·BL28 group, hypertrophy index of kidney and serum creatinine level were significantly decreased(P<0.01) and serum BUN were marginally significantly decreased (0.1<P<0.05). Conclusions: Moxibustion on SP6 and BL28 by uranyl acetate-induced acute renal failure in rats can decrease hypertrophy index of kidney, serum BUN, creatinine. It appears that treatment of SP6 and BL28 moxibustion is effective on acute renal failure.
윤대환 ( Dae Hwan Youn ),변정윤 ( Jeng Yun Byun ),최찬헌 ( Chan Hun Choi ),백진웅 ( Jin Ung Baek ),정지연 ( Ji Yeon Jeong ),정연진 ( Yeon Jin Jung ),나창수 ( Chang Su Na ) 대한경락경혈학회 2007 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.24 No.3
Objectives: Aims of this study is to investigate the effects of LU8·KI7 in rat induced by experimental focal ischemia. Materials and methods: The focal ischemia was induced by intraluminal filament insertion into middle cerebral artery. The groups divided into 6groups, control; no therapy group after ischemia-induced, AT1; acupuncture therapy group at LU8·KI7 after ischemia-induced, AT2; acupuncture therapy at LU8·KI7 bilaterally and the needle was twirled and rotated forward with the thumb of the right hand 9times, AT3; acupuncture therapy at LU8·KI7 bilaterally and the needle was twirled and rotated forward with the forefinger of the right hand 9times, AT4; acupuncture therapy at LU8·KI7 bilaterally and the needle was inserted to the direction following the flowing route of the meridian(digital direction), AT5; acupuncture therapy at LU8·KI7 bilaterally, the needle was inserted to the direction following the flowing route of the meridian(digital direction) and the needle was twirled and rotated forward with the thumb of the right hand 9times. Acupuncture therapy was carried out 7times during 2weeks after focal ischemia-induced. The anti-apoptotic and neuroprotective effects of acupuncture are observed by Bax, Bcl-2, mGluR5, cytochrome c, Cresyl violet and ChAT-stain. Results: The intensity of Bax was decreased in AC1, AC4, AC5 group, was increased in AC2, AC3 group. The intensity of Bcl-2 was increased in AC2, AC3, AC4, AC5 group. The intensity of mGluR5 was decreased in AC1 group, was increased in AC4, AC5 group. The intensity of Cytochrome c was increased in AC1, AC2 group, was decreased in AC4, AC5 group. The density of neurons stained by Cresyl violet was increased in all group without control group. The density of ChAT was increased in AC2, AC5 group. Conclusions: Our study suggests that AC5 group show anti-apoptotic and neuroprotective effects on cholinergic neuron in focal cerebral ischemia of the stroke in rats.