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레이저형광여기(LIF)를 이용한 비등온 제트유동의 온도장 측정
윤정환,이상준,Yoon, Jong-Hwan,Lee, Sang-Joon 대한기계학회 2000 大韓機械學會論文集B Vol.24 No.10
A 2-dimensional temperature field measurement technique using PLIF (Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence) was developed and it was applied to an axisymmetric buoyant jet. Rhodamine B was used as a fluorescent dye. Laser light sheet illuminated a two-dimensional cross section of the jet. The intensity variations of LIF signal from Rhodamine B molecules scattered by the laser light were captured with an optical filter and a CCD camera. The spatial variations of temperature field of buoyant jet were derived using the calibration data between the LIF signal and real temperature. The measured results show that the turbulent jet is more efficient in mixing compared to the transition and laminar jet flows. As the initial flow condition varies from laminar to turbulent flow, the entrainment from ambient fluid increases and temperature decay along the jet center axis becomes larger. In addition to the mean temperature field, the spatial distributions of temperature fluctuations were measured by the PLIF technique and the result shows the shear layer development from the jet nozzle exit.
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尹正煥 창원대학교 사회과학연구소 1995 사회과학연구 Vol.1 No.-
Puntive damages are assessed in addition to compensatory damages to punish the defendant for the commission of an aggravated or outrageous act of misconduct and to deter him and others from such conduct in the future. In Korea, the measure of recovery in all civil cases is compensation for the injury sustained. Thus, punitive damages as part of the civil liability are not allowed by the statute. None the less, The court may be face with the stigma of the punitive damages problem in respect of enforcement of foreign judgments involving punitive damages award. Recently the U.S. Court has been asked on several occasions to clarfy constituional issues surrounding punitive damages. The constitutional objection to punitive damages receiving the most attention recently is that punitive damages violate the clause relating to excessive fines. The United States Constitution Eighth Amendment provies: "Excessive bail shall not he required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishment inflicted." The Eighth Amendment has never been employed by the United States Supreme Court to ascertain the excessiveness of a fine. Its main use has been in criminal cases, to examine whether a punishment is cruel and unusual, or proportional to the crime for which it has been imposed. Thus, the Court refused to apply the Eighth Amendment prohibition against cruel and unusual punishments in a civil case. The second and more complex set of constitutional challenges to punitive damages come under the due process clause of the fifth and Fourteenth Amendments. The process for imposing a punitive damages sanction is so lacking as to deny defendants the due process guaranteed by the fifth and fourteenth amendments. But, the court held that the fifth and Fourteenth Amendments do not apply to punitive damages awards in cases between private parties. Punitive damages are not distinctly criminal penalties. In punitive damages cases a defendant does not face incarceration, the most distincitve attribute of criminal sanctions. There are a number of other constitutional challenges which might be made. The defendant, for example, challenged the constitutionality of the punitive damages award under the contract clause. Another commentator has listed a number of additional constitutional challenges, including challenges for double jeopardy, equal protection and right to privacy. The Court did not reviw the challenges, saying they were improperly raised. It is likely that lower court rulings on the constitutionality of punitive damages will become relatively common and that eventually the U.S. Supreme Court itself will rule on the constitutionality of punitive damages. None the less, the more challenges that are placed before the courts, the more likely it is that definition of the limits of punitive damages will be emerging, first from the states and ultimately from the Supreme Court.
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춘계학술대회 : 구연 ; 담관세포에서 Raf-1 활성을 통한 Lysophosphatidylcholine의 cyclooxygenase-2 발현 유도 및 항자멸사 효과
윤정환,곽금연,김윤준,이효석,김정룡 대한간학회 2005 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.11 No.3(S)
배경/목적: 최근 담관세포암의 진단 및 치료에 관한 많은 연구와 발전이 이루어져 왔지만 아직 그 예후는 불량하며 수술 이외의 효과적인 근치적 치료법은 없는 상황으로, 효과적인 치료약제 개발을 위한 담관세포암의 발생 및 진행과 관련된 원인적 기전 규명이 필수적이다. 한편, 담관세포암의 선행 질환으로는 췌담도 합류 이상이 잘 알려져 있으며 췌담도 합류 이상의 구조적 이상에 동반되는 담즙의 구성 성분 변화가 그 원인적 인자로 거론되고 있으나 구체적인 기전은
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방재정보 및 재해통계 자료의 현실과 개선방안에 대한 연구- 풍수해를 중심으로 -
윤정환,변성준 위기관리 이론과 실천 2019 Crisisonomy Vol.15 No.1
Recently, the global flood damage has been increased due to climate change and extreme events. Korea has been suffering continuing damages from flood disasters, and the efforts are being made to minimize the flood damages by governmental organizations. This study analyzed various policies and systems for minimizing damages, along with their underlying disaster statistics and information, in order to derive policy implications as to the disaster statistics and information management. Efficient management of disasters should be built around the Ministry of Interior and Safety as the control tower in Korea, and institutional devices should be constructed for efficient sharing. Compared to overseas cases, flood disasters in Korea are relatively small in size and given less priorities, which leads to the limited usability of various policies. Since disaster information is managed by a number of agencies in Korea, a more intensive management would be needed by the Ministry of Public Administration and Security. Institutional enhancements are also needed to make these improvements at a national level. 최근 전 세계적으로 기후변화, 기상이변 등의 현상으로 인하여 풍수해에 의한 피해 사례와 규모가증가하고 있다. 우리나라의 경우에도 매년 수회의 풍수해로 인한 피해로 고통 받고 있다. 국내에는여러 정부 부처의 활동을 토대로 풍수해 발생에 따른 피해를 최소화하기 위한 노력을 진행하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 피해의 최소화를 위한 다양한 정책과 제도에 대하여 분석하였으며, 정책의기반이 되는 재해통계 및 정보에 대하여 분석하였다. 이를 위하여 각종 시스템적인 제도의 사례를분석하여 재해통계 및 정보관리를 위한 정책적 함의를 도출하였다. 재난 및 재해의 효율적 관리는총괄적 컨트롤 타워인 행정안전부를 중심으로 구축되고 효율적 공유를 위한 제도적 장치를 구성하여야 한다. 해외의 사례에 비하여 대한민국의 풍수해는 규모가 작고 우선순위와 관심이 비교적 작기때문에 다양한 구성요소의 개발을 진행하였음에도 사용성이 부족한 현실이다. 따라서 아주 약간의변화만으로도 큰 효과를 볼 수 있는 방안의 모색이 필요하다. 마지막으로 재해정보는 다수의 기관에서 관리하고 있기 때문에 행정안전부 중심의 보다 강력한 관리가 필요하다. 이러한 개선을 국가적인차원에서의 개선을 위하여 제도개선이 필요하다.
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