도시지역 소외계층 교육복지 문제점과 발전과제

신상명,신윤섭 경북대학교 사범대학부속 중등교육연구소 2003 중등교육연구 Vol.51 No.2

This paper purposes to study the presentation of education welfare and development tasks for a class of alienation in urban area. Education is essential of human life and a nation is in charge of that. So, the commitment for the class of alienation is inevitable duty of welfare states. Our nation`s educational welfare policy staying passive welfare like supplying school expenses or school free meals. Through the passive welfare policy, a nation can`t accomplish nation's development of human resource illumination and integration of society. Now a nation needs positive educational welfare policy for the class of alienation in urban area. The ultimate goal of positive educational welfare prepose of student's whole man development. The whole man development of student is accomplished by academic achievement, physical development, characteristic development. First, basic learning capacity development, expansion of scholarship and learning condition are to be equipped for security of academic achievements. Second, school execute medical benefits and expand school free meals for the physical development. Third, the nation must develop family faculty supporting programs and serve diverse cultural experiences for the characteristic development.

아스퍼거장애와 비전형 자폐장애 아동의 KEDI-WISC와 BGT 수행의 비교

신민섭,양윤란 대한소아ㆍ청소년정신의학회 1998 소아청소년정신의학 Vol.9 No.2

정맥내 통증자가조절법을 이용한 Nalbuphine-Ketorolac과 Butorphanol-Ketorolac의 술후 진통효과 비교

윤석화,이원형,손수창,신용섭,김윤희,양신영 충남대학교 의과대학 의학연구소 2003 충남의대잡지 Vol.30 No.1

This study aimed to compare analgegic efficacy, satisfaction score and side effect of nalbuphine-ketorolac and butorphanol-ketorolac by using intravenous patient controlled analgesia(IV-PCA) for postoperative anlgesia following a gastrectomy for stomach cancer. Ninety patients who had undergone gastrectomy for stomach cancer under general anesthesia were randomly divided into two groups. Each group recieived nalbuphine 50mg with ketorolac 150mg(Group 1, n=45) and butorphanol 5mg with ketorolac 150mg(Group 2, n=45) by using IV-PCA during postoperative 48hrs. Assessments for pain with numerical rating scale(NRS), and side effects were evaluated at 2hr, 6hr, 12hr, 24hr, 36hr and 48hr after the operation. There were no significant difference in NRS for pain during rest, but Group 2 requested significantly greater amount of supplementary diclofenac during first 24 hours. Side effects were higher Group 1 in pruritus, nausea and vomiting and Group 2 in sedation, nausea and vomiting. This study suggests that adding ketorolac with intravenous nalbuphine or butrophanol in using an intravenous PCA can decrease analgesics requirement and improve analgesic property without the major morbidity like respiratory depression, but needs for the careful observation and treatment on the side effects like nausea. vomiting, pruritis and sedation...

디지털제어에 의한 브러시리스 직류전동기의 정속도 운전

이장섭,윤신용 서울산업대학교 산업대학원 2000 大學院論文集 Vol.7 No.-

This paper presents the constant speed control of a brushless DC motor(BLDCM). Recently, most motor controls are implemented in digital electronics. Digital controllers tend to be more accurate, less susceptible to noise and more flexible in terms of programming. The control system used a digital PI control in order to implement the constant speed of Brushless DC motor. Microprocessor used in this experiment is 80c196kc. The applied motor has been constructed using a 50W, DC 150V and 3000rpm.

하계 실내 및 실외환경의 공기 중 휘발성 유기화합물 농도 및 개인노출

양원호,손부순,박종안,장봉기,박완모,김윤신,어수미,윤중섭,류인철 한국환경과학회 2003 한국환경과학회지 Vol.12 No.9

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are present in essentially all natural and synthetic materials from petrol to flowers. In this study, indoor and outdoor VOCs concentrations of houses, offices and internet-cafes were measured and compared simultaneously with personal exposures of each 50 participants in Asan and Seoul, respectively. Also, factors that influence personal VOCs exposure were statistically analyzed using questionnaires in relation to house characteristics, time activities, and health effects. All VOCs concentrations were measured by OVM passive samplers (3M) and analyzed with GC/MS. Target pollutants among VOCs were Toluene, o-Xylene, m/p-Xylene, Ethylbenzene, MIBK, n-Octane, Styrene, Trichloroethylene, and 1,2-Dichlorobenzene. Indoor and outdoor VOCs concentrations measured in Seoul were significantly higher than those in Asan except Ethylbenzene. Residential indoor/outdoor (I/O) ratios for all target compounds ranged from 0.94 to 1.51 and I/O ratios of Asan were a little higher than those of Seoul. Relationship between personal VOCs exposure, and indoor and outdoor VOCs concentrations suggested that time-activity pattern could affect the high exposure to air pollutant. Factors that influence indoor VOCs level and personal exposure with regard to house characteristics in houses were building age, inside smoking and house type. In addition insecticide and cosmetics interestingly affected the VOCs personal exposure. Higher exposure to VOCs might be caused to be exciting increase and memory reduction, considering the relationship between measured VOCs concentrations and questionnaire (p<0.05).

Control of On–Off or Off–On Fluorescent and Optical [Cu²⁺] and [Hg²⁺] Responses via Formal Me/H Substitution in Fully Characterized Thienyl “Scorpionate”-like BODIPY Systems

Kim, Kibong,Choi, Shin Hei,Jeon, June,Lee, Hyosun,Huh, Jung Oh,Yoo, Jaeduk,Kim, Jong Taek,Lee, Chang-Hee,Lee, Yoon Sup,Churchill, David G. American Chemical Society 2011 Inorganic Chemistry Vol.50 No.12

<P>One 8-phenyl and two 8-mesityl-substituted “scorpionate”-like BODIPY-type species of the formula [3,4,4-tris(5-<I>R</I>-(2-thienyl))-8-(2,4,6-<I>R′</I>-phenyl)-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-<I>s</I>-indacene (R = H, R′ = H, <B>3a</B>; R, = H, R′ = Me, <B>2a</B>; R, = Me, R′ = Me, <B>2b</B>)] have been synthesized and fully characterized. Importantly, differences in their solution (MeCN) optical Cu<SUP>2+</SUP> and Hg<SUP>2+</SUP> probing capacity via <I>SSS</I>-chelation were investigated. Compounds <B>2a</B>–<B>3a</B> were prepared from the requisite 8-substituted BODIPY complexes. They were characterized first by complete <SUP>1</SUP>H, <SUP>11</SUP>B and <SUP>13</SUP>C NMR spectroscopic assignments (CD<SUB>3</SUB>Cl or CD<SUB>3</SUB>C(O)CD<SUB>3</SUB>); the molecular structures of <B>2a</B> and <B>3a</B> were determined by X-ray crystallography. Compounds <B>2a</B>–<B>3a</B> were studied by UV–vis and fluorescence spectroscopy [Φ<SUB>F</SUB> = 0.27 ± 0.013 (<B>2a</B>); 0.024 ± 0.0016 (<B>2b</B>); 0.0034 ± 0.00047 (<B>3a</B>)]. Importantly, low [Cu<SUP>2+</SUP>] with <B>3a</B> (<3.0 × 10<SUP>–5</SUP> M) gave rise to an increase of fluorescence intensity (off–on; 6.3-fold), whereas with <B>2a</B> it decreased (on–off). When [Hg<SUP>2+</SUP>] (<3.0 × 10<SUP>–5</SUP> M) was added to <B>2b</B>, the λ<SUB>em,max</SUB> value increased (off–on<I>;</I> 3.2-fold), and for <B>2a</B>, it decreased (on–off). The association constant (<I>K</I><SUB>a</SUB>) for Hg<SUP>2+</SUP>·<B>2a</B> was determined to be 3120 ± 307 M<SUP>–1</SUP>. An approximate stoichiometric 1:1 binding determined by Job plot analysis is in line with successful DFT modeling of <I>SSS</I>-Cu<SUP>2+</SUP> binding for this system type. <SUP>1</SUP>H NMR spectroscopy also revealed tentative sets of product complex peaks. These simple differences caused by formal ligand Me-group incorporation are the first for any related fluorophores, to the best of our knowledge.</P><P>Three new “scorpionate”-like BODIPY species have been isolated and characterized. They exposed interesting differences in low [Cu<SUP>2+</SUP>] and [Hg<SUP>2+</SUP>] on−off and off−on fluorescence responses through formal methyl group placement into the fluorophore skeleton.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/inocaj/2010/inocaj.2010.50.issue-12/ic101681h/production/images/medium/ic-2010-01681h_0004.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ic101681h'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ic101681h'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ic101681h'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

PLD 법으로 제작한 In₂O₃-ZnO 박막의 광학적 및 전기적 특성

신현호(Hyun Ho Shin),한정우(Jung Woo Han),강성준(Seong Jun Kang),윤영섭(Yung Sup Yoon) 대한전자공학회 2008 電子工學會論文誌-SD (Semiconductor and devices) Vol.45 No.7

본 연구에서는 펄스 레이저 법으로 200 mTorr 의 산소 분압에서 기판 온도를 200 ℃ 에서 600 ℃ 까지 변화시켜 가며, quartz 기판 위에 In₂O₃-ZnO 박막을 제작하여 광학적 및 전기적 특성을 조사하였다. XRD 측정을 통해 In₂O₃-ZnO 박막이 다결정 상태인 것을 알 수 있었으며, 기판 온도가 500 ℃ 로 증가함에 따라 35.5° 부근의 In₂O₃(400) 피크는 감소한 반면 30.6°부근의 In2O3 (222) 피크는 증가했다. 박막의 표면을 AFM 으로 조사한 결과, round type 의 결정립들이 관찰되었으며 표면 거칠기 값은 500 ℃ 에서 제작한 박막에서 가장 낮은 값 (6.15 ㎚) 을 나타내었다. 모든 In₂O₃-ZnO 박막이 가시광 영역에서 평균 82 % 이상의 투과율을 보였다. 또, 500 ℃ 에서 제작한 In2O3-ZnO 박막에서 가장 높은 캐리어 농도 (2.46×10<SUP>20</SUP> ㎝<SUP>-3</SUP>) 값과 가장 낮은 비저항 (1.36×10<SUP>-3</SUP> Ω㎝) 값을 나타내었다. In this study, In₂O₃-ZnO thin films are prepared on quartz substrates by the pulsed laser deposition and their optical and electrical properties are investigated as the function of substrate temperatures (200 ~ 600 ℃) at the fixed oxygen pressure of 200 mTorr. The XRD measurement shows that polycrystalline In₂O₃-ZnO thin films are formed. In the XRD measurement, the intensity of the (400) In₂O₃ peak at 35.5° decreases and that of the (222) In₂O₃ peak at 30.6° increases with the increase substrate temperature up to 500 ℃. From the result of AFM measurement, the morphology of In₂O₃-ZnO thin films are observed as round-type grains. The lowest surface roughness (6.15 ㎚) is obtained for the In₂O₃-ZnO thin film fabricated at 500 ℃. The optical transmittance of In₂O₃-ZnO thin films are higher than 82 % in the visible region. The maximum carrier concentration of 2.46×10<SUP>20</SUP> ㎝<SUP>-3</SUP> and the minimum resistivity of 1.36×10<SUP>-3</SUP> Ω㎝ are obtained also for the In₂O₃-ZnO thin film fabricated at 500 ℃.

Facilitation of AMPA receptor-mediated steady-state current by extrasynaptic NMDA receptors in supraoptic magnocellular neurosecretory cells

Yoon Hyoung Pai,Chae Seong Lim,Kyung-Ah Park,Hyun Sil Cho,Gyu-Seung Lee,Yong Sup Shin,Hyun-Woo Kim,Byeong Hwa Jeon,Seok Hwa Yoon,Jin Bong Park 대한생리학회-대한약리학회 2016 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.20 No.4

In addition to classical synaptic transmission, information is transmitted between cells via the activation of extrasynaptic receptors that generate persistent tonic current in the brain. While growing evidence supports the presence of tonic NMDA current (I_NMDA) generated by extrasynaptic NMDA receptors (eNMDARs), the functional significance of tonic I_NMDA in various brain regions remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that activation of eNMDARs that generate INMDA facilitates the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-proprionate receptor (AMPAR)-mediated steady-state current in supraoptic nucleus (SON) magnocellular neurosecretory cells (MNCs). In low-Mg²⁺ artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF), glutamate induced an inward shift in I_holding (I_GLU) at a holding potential (V_holding) of –70 mV which was partly blocked by an AMPAR antagonist, NBQX. NBQX-sensitive IGLU was observed even in normal aCSF at V_holding of –40 mV or –20 mV. IGLU was completely abolished by pretreatment with an NMDAR blocker, AP5, under all tested conditions. AMPA induced a reproducible inward shift in Iholding (I_AMPA) in SON MNCs. Pretreatment with AP5 attenuated I_AMPA amplitudes to ~60% of the control levels in low-Mg ²⁺ aCSF, but not in normal aCSF at V_holding of –70 mV. I_AMPA attenuation by AP5 was also prominent in normal aCSF at depolarized holding potentials. Memantine, an eNMDAR blocker, mimicked the AP5-induced I_AMPA attenuation in SON MNCs. Finally, chronic dehydration did not affect I_AMPA attenuation by AP5 in the neurons. These results suggest that tonic INMDA, mediated by eNMDAR, facilitates AMPAR function, changing the postsynaptic response to its agonists in normal and osmotically challenged SON MNCs.

Platelet-Rich Plasma for Arthroscopic Repair of Medium to Large Rotator Cuff Tears : A Randomized Controlled Trial

Jo, Chris Hyunchul,Shin, Ji Sun,Shin, Won Hyoung,Lee, Seung Yeon,Yoon, Kang Sup,Shin, Sue SAGE Publications 2015 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE - Vol.43 No.9

<P><B>Background:</B></P><P>Two main questions about the use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) for regeneration purposes are its effect on the speed of healing and the quality of healing. Despite recent numerous studies, evidence is still lacking in this area, especially in a representative patient population with medium to large rotator cuff tears.</P><P><B>Purpose:</B></P><P>To assess the efficacy of PRP augmentation on the speed and quality of healing in patients undergoing arthroscopic repair for medium to large rotator cuff tears.</P><P><B>Study Design:</B></P><P>Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1.</P><P><B>Methods:</B></P><P>A total of 74 patients scheduled for arthroscopic repair of medium to large rotator cuff tears were randomly assigned to undergo either PRP-augmented repair (PRP group) or conventional repair (conventional group). In the PRP group, 3 PRP gels (3 × 3 mL) were applied to each patient between the torn end and the greater tuberosity. The primary outcome was the Constant score at 3 months after surgery. Secondary outcome measures included the visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, range of motion (ROM), muscle strength, overall satisfaction and function, functional scores, retear rate, and change in the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the supraspinatus muscle.</P><P><B>Results:</B></P><P>There was no difference between the 2 groups in the Constant score at 3 months (<I>P</I> > .05). The 2 groups had similar results on the VAS for pain, ROM, muscle strength, overall satisfaction and function, and other functional scores (all <I>P</I> > .05) except for the VAS for worst pain (<I>P</I> = .043). The retear rate of the PRP group (3.0%) was significantly lower than that of the conventional group (20.0%) (<I>P</I> = .032). The change in 1-year postoperative and immediately postoperative CSAs was significantly different between the 2 groups: –36.76 ± 45.31 mm<SUP>2</SUP> in the PRP group versus −67.47 ± 47.26 mm<SUP>2</SUP> in the conventional group (<I>P</I> = .014).</P><P><B>Conclusion:</B></P><P>Compared with repairs without PRP augmentation, the current PRP preparation and application methods for medium to large rotator cuff repairs significantly improved the quality, as evidenced by a decreased retear rate and increased CSA of the supraspinatus, but not the speed of healing. However, further studies may be needed to investigate the effects of PRP on the speed of healing without risking the quality.</P>

Introducing pulsed low-intensity ultrasound to culturing human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells.

Yoon, Jong Hyun,Roh, Eun Youn,Shin, Sue,Jung, Nam Hee,Song, Eun Young,Lee, Dong Soon,Han, Kyou Sup,Kim, Joung Sung,Kim, Byoung Jae,Jeon, Hye Won,Yoon, Kang Sup Kluwer Academic Publishers 2009 Biotechnology letters Vol.31 No.3

<P>The human umbilical cord (hUC) is a source of adult tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). A pulsed low-intensity ultrasound (PLIUS) method is described for increasing the yield of MSCs from whole hUC without enzymatic digestion or growth factor supplementation. Analysis of the immunophenotype of cells and a differentiation study were performed to show the compatibility of MSCs. The mean number of cells recovered from primocultures of hUC was 6 x 10(5) cells/cm. PLIUS resulted in a 3.3-fold increase in MSC yield at passage 0. PLIUS exposure increases the yield of hUC-MSCs by promoting release and enhancing proliferation.</P>