Comparison of Fecal Microbiota of Mongolian and Thoroughbred Horses by High-throughput Sequencing of the V4 Region of the 16S rRNA Gene

Zhao, Yiping,Li, Bei,Bai, Dongyi,Huang, Jinlong,Shiraigo, Wunierfu,Yang, Lihua,Zhao, Qinan,Ren, Xiujuan,Wu, Jing,Bao, Wuyundalai,Dugarjaviin, Manglai Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2016 Animal Bioscience Vol.29 No.9

The hindgut of horses is an anaerobic fermentative chamber for a complex and dynamic microbial population, which plays a critical role in health and energy requirements. Research on the gut microbiota of Mongolian horses has not been reported until now as far as we know. Mongolian horse is a major local breed in China. We performed high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes V4 hypervariable regions from gut fecal material to characterize the gut microbiota of Mongolian horses and compare them to the microbiota in Thoroughbred horses. Fourteen Mongolian and 19 Thoroughbred horses were used in the study. A total of 593,678 sequence reads were obtained from 33 samples analyzed, which were found to belong to 16 phyla and 75 genera. The bacterial community compositions were similar for the two breeds. Firmicutes (56% in Mongolian horses and 53% in Thoroughbred horses) and Bacteroidetes (33% and 32% respectively) were the most abundant and predominant phyla followed by Spirochaete, Verrucomicrobia, Proteobacteria, and Fibrobacteres. Of these 16 phyla, five (Synergistetes, Planctomycetes, Proteobacteria, TM7, and Chloroflexi) were significantly different (p<0.05) between the two breeds. At the genus level, Treponema was the most abundant genus (43% in Mongolian horses vs 29% in Thoroughbred horses), followed by Ruminococcus, Roseburia, Pseudobutyrivibrio, and Anaeroplasma, which were detected in higher distribution proportion in Mongolian horses than in Thoroughbred horses. In contrast, Oscillibacter, Fibrobacter, Methanocorpusculum, and Succinivibrio levels were lower in Mongolian horses. Among 75 genera, 30 genera were significantly different (p<0.05) between the two breeds. We found that the environment was one of very important factors that influenced horse gut microbiota. These findings provide novel information about the gut microbiota of Mongolian horses and a foundation for future investigations of gut bacterial factors that may influence the development and progression of gastrointestinal disease in horses.

Stability Analysis of Baishuihe Landslide Considering Spatial Variability of Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity

( Yang Xue ),( Yiping Wu ) 대한지질공학회 2019 대한지질공학회 학술발표회논문집 Vol.2019 No.2

Spatial variability of saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) in accumulative landslide exists and affects the saturated-unsaturated seepage characteristic. It is important to carry out the stability analysis of landslide considering spatial variability of Ks. Spatial distribution characteristics of Ks in Baishuihe landslide obtained by the surface nuclear magnetic resonance technology (SNMR) are investigated using the geostatistics. The non-stationary random field of Ks and the non-intrusive stochastic finite element process are established. On this basis, numerical simulations of the uncertain model and deterministic model under reservoir water fluctuation are carried out to study their seepage-deformation and stability characteristics. The results show that: compared with the deterministic model, the change of the pore pressure of the uncertain model is more lagged and more obvious during the reservoir water filling period; the overall displacement of the uncertain model is larger than the deterministic model under reservoir water drawdown; with the increase of reservoir water deceleration, the pore pressure hysteresis of uncertain model is more obvious, where displacement deformation is larger and stability is smaller. Stability analysis shows that ignoring the spatial variability of Ks will overestimate the stability of the landslide.

MULTIVARIATE EFFECTIVENESS OF ECOLANE AND ECOHMI BASED COOPERATIVE VEHICLE-INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEM

Qiang Fu,Yiping Wu,Xiaohua Zhao,Yang Bian,Li HaijianLi 한국자동차공학회 2023 International journal of automotive technology Vol.24 No.1

The cooperative vehicle-infrastructure system (CVIS) offers opportunities to further enhance the potential of energy saving and emission reduction for eco-driving. However, it is still not clear about the effectiveness of CVIS on promoting eco-driving nor the multivariate effectiveness of CVIS designed for eco-driving on traffic flow and safety characteristics. A dedicated ecological lane (Ecolane) and ecological human-machine-interaction (EcoHMI) based CVIS (Ecolane-HMI-CVIS) were developed based on driving simulator technology. An experiment of 35 participants was conducted to study eco-driving behavior and final utility to identify the influence of Ecolane-HMI-CVIS. The results indicated that the Ecolane-HMI-CVIS enhanced eco-driving behavior and reduced emission, with CO and NOX significantly reduced by 10.72 % and 9.83 % respectively. The Ecolane-HMI-CVIS reduced the headway and promoted vehicle operation stability, ordering, and improved traffic capacity about 10 %. No negative impact of Ecolane-HMI-CVIS was observed on traffic safety. This study developed a test platform based on driving simulator to explore the multivariate influence of Ecolane-HMI-CVIS. In addition to analyzing the overall effect of Ecolane-HMI-CVIS during the whole experimental section, its detailed influence at each key zone and in spatial change process were also analyzed. This research contributed to better understanding of the working mechanism and effectiveness of Ecolane-HMI-CVIS, and provide technical and policy references of CVIS based eco-driving for traffic management departments.

Displacement Interval Prediction Method for Step-like Landslides Considering Deformation State Dynamic Switching

( Linwei Li ),( Yiping Wu ),( Fasheng Miao ),( Yang Xue ),( Longfei Zhang ),( Kang Liao ),( Weifu Teng ),( Honglian Shi ) 대한지질공학회 2019 대한지질공학회 학술발표회논문집 Vol.2019 No.2

To overcome the drawbacks of previous displacement prediction models for step-like landslides, such as poor performance in predicting mutational displacement and unclear reliability of prediction results, this paper proposes a new hybrid method of landslide displacement prediction intervals. Firstly, the combination of SOM network and K-means clustering is implemented to divide the deformation states of step-like landslides into steady state and mutational state. Secondly, on the basis of expanding the mutational state samples through the comprehensive application of the engineering geology analogy method and the adaptive synthetic sampling algorithm, the random forest algorithm is used to establish an ensemble classifier for recognizing the landslide deformation states automatically. Finally, based on the Bootstrap-KELM-BPNN model, an interval prediction framework considering the dynamic switching of landslide deformation states is constructed to realize the dynamic prediction of landslide displacement. Taking Baishuihe landslide, a typical step-like landslide in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, as an example, the dataset of XD01 monitoring point from June 2006 to December 2016 are explored to verify the effectiveness, accuracy and reliability of the proposed method.

Using a Kernel Extreme Learning Machine with Grey Wolf Optimization to Predict the Displacement of Step-like Landslide

( Kang Liao ),( Yiping Wu ),( Fasheng Miao ),( Linwei Li ),( Yang Xue ) 대한지질공학회 2019 대한지질공학회 학술발표회논문집 Vol.2019 No.2

Landslide displacement prediction is an essential topic in the landslide hazard research. Considering the characteristics of landslide deformation in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area of China, a step-like displacement prediction model based on Kernel Extreme Learning Machine with Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO-KELM) is proposed to predict the Baishuihe Landslide. First, the cumulative displacement is decomposed into the trend displacement and the periodic displacement by time series. Second, the trend displacement is predicted by a cubic polynomial model and the periodic displacement is predicted by the proposed model after statistically analyzing the displacement data. A hybrid model is then established for the prediction of landslide displacement. In addition, the performance of the hybrid model is compared with that of the Extreme Learning Machine with Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO-ELM), Support Vector Machine with Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO-SVM), and Extreme Learning Machine (ELM). The results show that the proposed hybrid model outperforms the other models, and the GWO-KELM model achieves a great ability in predicting the landslide displacement with a step-like behavior.

Organizational Clientelism: An Analysis of Private Entrepreneurs in Chinese Local Legislatures

Xin Sun,Jiangnan Zhu,Yiping Wu 동아시아연구원 2014 Journal of East Asian Studies Vol.14 No.1

Extant literature on authoritarian legislatures argues that dictators set up quasi-democratic institutions to co-opt opposition and attract investors. We argue that dictators also nurture clientelistic ties with social groups useful to their rule, a previously overlooked function of authoritarian legislatures. Drawing on the case of Chinese local legislatures—namely, the local People's Congress and the local People's Political Consultative Conference—we find that Chinese local governments use these institutions to channel patronage to and gain political support from the private sector. Field interviews and an analysis of a nationwide firm-level survey show that private firms owned by local legislative members, while obtaining more bank loans, provide more support to the local government in various forms than those owned by nonmembers. This finding suggests that authoritarian legislatures, even those with weak policymaking efficacy, can help authoritarian states build stable alliances with social groups, thereby contributing to regime resilience.

Dietary Supplementation with Acanthopanax senticosus Extract Modulates Cellular and Humoral Immunity in Weaned Piglets

Kong, Xiangfeng,Yin, Yulong,Wu, Guoyao,Liu, Hejun,Yin, Fugui,Li, Tiejun,Huang, Ruilin,Ruan, Zheng,Xiong, Hua,Deng, Zeyuan,Xie, Mingyong,Liao, Yiping,Kim, Sungwoo Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2007 Animal Bioscience Vol.20 No.9

This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that dietary supplementation with an herbal extract of Acanthopanax senticosus (AS) enhances the immune response in weaned piglets. Sixty piglets weaned at 21 days of age were randomly assigned to 3 treatment groups representing the addition of 0 or 1 g/kg of the AS extract or 0.2 g/kg of colistin (an antibiotic) to maize- and soybean meal-based diets (n = 20 per group). On days 7, 14 and 28 after initiation of the addition, total and differential counts of leucocytes, proliferating activity of peripheral lymphocytes, serum levels of immunoglobulins (Ig) and cytokines and the spleen index were determined. The AS extract decreased (p<0.05) the number of neutrophils on days 7 and 28 in comparison with the control group and reduced (p<0.05) serum interleukin-$1{\beta}$ level on day 28 compared with the other 2 groups. Dietary supplementation with the AS extract increased (p<0.05) the lymphocyte/leukocyte ratio on day 28 compared with the control group and increased the proliferating activity of lymphocytes on days 14 and 28 compared with the other 2 groups. The AS extract increased (p<0.05) the serum content of IgG on day 7 and of IgG and IgM on day 28 compared with the other 2 groups, as well as increasing the serum content of tumor necrosis factor on day 7 and spleen index on days 7 and 28 compared with the control group. Collectively, these findings suggest that the AS extract as a dietary additive enhances the cellular and humoral immune responses of weaned piglets by modulating the production of immunocytes, cytokines and antibodies.

Identification of putative ingestion‑related olfactory receptor genes in the Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir japonica sinensis)

Chenchen Shen,Dan Tang,Yiping Zhang,Lv Wu,Yaqi Luo,Boping Tang,Zhengfei Wang 한국유전학회 2021 Genes & Genomics Vol.43 No.5

Background Olfaction plays a central role in mating, spawning, obtaining food and escaping predators, which is essential for survival and reproduction of animals. The nature of the olfactory perception in crabs, which is a major group of crustaceans, has remained elusive. Objective This project aims to explore the molecular mechanism of olfaction in crabs and further improve our understanding of olfactory perception in crustaceans. Methods The olfactory receptors and ingestion-related gene expression in Eriocheir japonica sinensis were studied by transcriptomic techniques. The de novo assembly, annotation and functional evaluation were performed with bioinformatics tools. Results A series of chemosensory receptors associated with olfaction were identifed including 33 EsIRs, 24 EsIGluRs, 58 EsVIGluRs, 1 EsOR and 1 EsGC-D. We found IRs were key odorant receptors demonstrating a specifc species evolutionary trend in crustaceans. Furthermore, we identifed ORs in E. j. sinensis and Litopenaeus vannamei. The incomplete EsOR and LvOR1 structures implied that ORs exist in crustaceans, and may have been degenerated or even lost in the olfactory evolutionary process. In addition, comparative transcriptome analysises demonstrated two possible olfactory transduction pathways of E. j. sinensis: the cGMP-mediated olfactory pathway related to vegetable odor molecules and the cAMP-mediated olfactory pathway related to meat odor molecules. The above results were consistent with its omnivorous ingestion of E. j. sinensis. Conclusions Our study revealed the unique olfactory molecular mechanism of omnivorous crabs and provided valuable information for further functional research on the chemoreception mechanisms in crustaceans.

One-step multiplexed detection of foodborne pathogens: Combining a quantum dot-mediated reverse assaying strategy and magnetic separation

Yin, Binfeng,Wang, Yu,Dong, Mingling,Wu, Jing,Ran, Bei,Xie, Mengxia,Joo, Sang Woo,Chen, Yiping Elsevier 2016 Biosensors & bioelectronics Vol.86 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A rapid and multiplexed immunosensor was developed based on a quantum dot (QD)-reverse assaying strategy (RAS) and immuno-magnetic beads (IMBs) for one-step and simultaneous detection of <I>Escherichia coli O157: H7</I> and <I>Salmonella</I>. In a conventional QD-based immunosensor, the fluorescence signal of the “IMBs-target-QD” immunoconjugate is directly used as the assaying readout. However, the fluorescence signal is affected by IMBs due to light scattering and the “IMBs-target-QD” immunoconjugate needs multiple washing and re-suspension steps. To address these problems, we use the surplus QD-antibody conjugate as signal readout in the RAS, which prevents interference from the IMBs, increases the fluorescence signal, and avoids complex operations. Compared with conventional QD-based immunosensor, the sensitivity of QD-RSA immunosensor for detection of <I>Escherichia coli O157: H7</I> has been improved fifty-fold, and whole analysis procedure can be finished within 1h. Therefore, this RSA strategy is promising for improving the performance of QD-based immunosensors and could greatly broaden their applications.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The immunosensor based on quantum dot-reverse assaying strategy (QD-RAS) was developed. </LI> <LI> The sensitivity of QD-RAS improved 50 times compared to conventional QDs-immunosensor. </LI> <LI> The whole analysis in QD-RAS can be finished in one-step within 1h. </LI> </UL> </P>

Serotype-Independent Protection against Pneumococcal Infections Elicited by Intranasal Immunization with Ethanol-Killed Pneumococcal Strain, SPY1

XiuYu Xu,Qun Zhang,Jiangping Meng,Yiping Wang,Jie Zheng,Kaifeng Wu,Xuemei Zhang,Yibing Yin 한국미생물학회 2014 The journal of microbiology Vol.52 No.4

The 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine and the 7-valent pneumococcalconjugate vaccine are licensed vaccines that protectagainst pneumococcal infections worldwide. However,the incidence of pneumococcal diseases remains high in lowincomecountries. Whole-cell vaccines with high safety andstrong immunogenicity may be a favorable choice. We previouslyobtained a capsule-deficient Streptococcus pneumoniaemutant named SPY1 derived from strain D39. As anattenuated live pneumococcal vaccine, intranasal immunizationwith SPY1 elicits broad serotype-independent protectionagainst pneumococcal infection. In this study, forsafety consideration, we inactivated SPY1 with 70% ethanoland intranasally immunized BALB/c mice with killed SPY1plus cholera toxin adjuvant for four times. Results showedthat intranasal immunization with inactivated SPY1 inducedstrong humoral and cellular immune responses. Intranasalimmunization with inactivated SPY1 plus cholera toxin adjuvantelicited effective serotype-independent protection againstthe colonization of pneumococcal strains 19F and 4 as well aslethal infection of pneumococcal serotypes 2, 3, 14, and 6B. The protection rates provided by inactivated SPY1 againstlethal pneumococcal infection were comparable to those ofcurrently used polysaccharide vaccines. In addition, vaccinespecificB-cell and T-cell immune responses mediated theprotection elicited by SPY1. In conclusion, the 70% ethanolinactivatedpneumococcal whole-cell vaccine SPY1 is a potentiallysafe and less complex vaccine strategy that offersbroad protection against S. pneumoniae.