중국에서의 한국어(조선어) 교육에 관한 고찰

김영옥 청람어문교육학회 2003 청람어문교육 Vol.26 No.-

이 글에서는 중국에서의 한국어(조선어) 교육의 역사와 현황을 고찰하고 그 성과와 문제점들을 짚어보았다. 중국에서의 한국어(조선어) 교육은 두 가지 의미를 가지고 있다. 즉 조선족들을 위한 민족어 교육으로서의 학교 교육과 중국인을 위한 제2언어로서의 한국어(조선어) 교육이다. 중국에는 약 200만 명의 조선족들이 살고 있다. 그들은 중국의 소수민족(少數民族) 교육 정책에 따라 어릴 적부터 정규적인 민족어 교육을 받을 수 있다. 민족 집거(潗居) 지역을 중심으로 유치원부터 고등학교까지 한국어(조선어) 교육이 보편화되어 있으며, 「조선어문(朝鮮語文) 」,과 「한어문(漢語文)」을 동시에 배운다. 제2언어로서의 한국어(조선어) 교육은 주로 중국인을 대상으로 하고 중국과 남복한의 여러 분야의 교류에 필요한 인재와 전문 인력을 양성하기 위한 교육이다. 현재까지 중국에서의 한국어(조선어) 교육은 비록 굴곡적인 과정도 거치기는 했지만 매우 큰 성과를 이룩하였다. 그러나 한국어(조선어) 교육에 여러 가지 한계와 문제점들이 존재하고 있는 것도 엄연한 사실이다. 중국에서의 한국어(중국어) 교육의 이러한 한계와 문제점들은 중국 교육 제도와 교육 과정 자체와 연관되기도 한다. 그러나 교재 ·문법체계·고유문화 등 여러 가지 면에서 남북한의 전폭적인 지원과 밀접한 교류와 협력이 절대적으로 필요한 문제 이기도 하다. 중국에서의 한국어(조선어) 교육을 더욱 활성화하고 발전시키려면 한국어(조선어) 교육에 관심이 있는 모든 사람들의 지속적인 노력이 필요할 것이다. The purpose of this study is to investigate the history and the actual conditions of the Korean Language Education in China and get the results and problems of it. There are two meanings in the Korean Language Education of China. One is the racial language education for China-Koreans in schools and the other is as the second language for Chinese. China has about two millions of China-Koreans. They can be educated regularly in racial language from their childhood according to the Educational Policy for a minority in China. The Korean Language is educated generally from kindergarten to high school around China-Koreans town. China-Koreans learn both Korean Language and Chinese Language. The Korean Language Education as the second language is generally for Chinese and for raising a man of ability and professional work forces needed in various parts of exchange between China and South and North Korea Up to now, the Korean Language Education in China obtains excellent results in spite of the difficult process. However, there are also many limits and problems in the Korean Language Education, This problem in China is related to Chinese Educational System and the Curriculum itself. And the problem needs strong support, exchange and cooperation between South and North Korea in many areas such as teaching materials, grammatical system and traditional culture. It needs continuous concerns and efforts of the people to activate and develop the Korean Language Education in China.

RNA sequencing reveals that Prx II gene knockout can down-regulate the allograft rejection of dermal mesenchymal stem cells

Han Ying-Hao,Mao Ying-Ying,Yu Nan-Nan,Jin Mei-Hua,Jin Ying-Hua,Wang Ai-Guo,Zhang Yong-Qing,Shen Gui-Nan,Cui Yu-Dong,Yu Li-Yun,Lee Dong-Seok,Jo Yu-Jin,Sun Hu-Nan,Kwon Jeongwoo,권태호 한국응용생명화학회 2020 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.63 No.3

In this study, we used RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to analyze and compare bulk cell samples from wild-type (WT) dermal mesenchymal stem cells (DMSCs) (n = 3) and Prx II knockout DMSCs (n = 3). The purpose of the study was to elucidate the role of Prx II on allogeneic immune rejection of transplanted DMSCs. The results revealed differential expression of 472 genes (176 up-regulated and 296 down-regulated; p ≤ 0.05) between the PrxII+/+ (WT) and PrxII−/− sample groups. When highly regulated genes were categorized according to the Gene Ontology (GO) molecular function classification and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, the PrxII−/− samples showed a robust downward trend in allograft rejection. The study identified 43 all immunologically rejected differentially expressed genes, of which 41 showed lower expression in the PrxII−/− vs. PrxII+/+ (WT) samples. These findings suggest that Prx II gene knockout may down-regulate the allograft rejection that occurs during DMSCs transplantation and improve the survival rate of DMSCs in the host. This study provides a new perspective on the clinical treatment of stem cell transplantation.

Ginsenoside Rg3 in combination with artesunate overcomes sorafenib resistance in hepatoma cell and mouse models

Ying-Jie Chen,Jia-Ying Wu,Yu-Yi Deng,Ying Wu,Xiao-Qi Wang,Amy Sze-man Li,Lut Yi Wong,Xiuqiong Fu,Zhi-Ling Yu,Chun Liang 고려인삼학회 2022 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.46 No.3

Sorafenib is effective in treating hepatoma, but most patients develop resistance to it. STAT3signaling has been implicated in sorafenib resistance. Artesunate (ART) and 20(R)-ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3)have anti-hepatoma effects and can inhibit STAT3 signaling in cancer cells. This study aimed to evaluatethe effects of Rg3 in combination with ART (Rg3-plus-ART) in overcoming sorafenib resistance, and toexamine the involvement of STAT3 signaling in these effects. Methods: Sorafenib-resistant HepG2 cells (HepG2-SR) were used to evaluate the in vitro anti-hepatomaeffects of Rg3-plus-ART. A HepG2-SR hepatoma-bearing BALB/c-nu/nu mouse model was used to assessthe in vivo anti-hepatoma effects of Rg3-plus-ART. CCK-8 assays and Annexin V-FITC/PI double stainingwere used to examine cell proliferation and apoptosis, respectively. Immunoblotting was employed toexamine protein levels. ROS generation was examined by measuring DCF-DA fluorescence. Results: Rg3-plus-ART synergistically reduced viability of, and evoked apoptosis in HepG2-SR cells, andsuppressed HepG2-SR tumor growth in mice. Mechanistic studies revealed that Rg3-plus-ART inhibitedactivation/phosphorylation of Src and STAT3 in HepG2-SR cultures and tumors. The combination alsodecreased the STAT3 nuclear level and induced ROS production in HepG2-SR cultures. Furthermore, overactivation of STAT3 or removal of ROS diminished the anti-proliferative effects of Rg3-plus-ART, andremoval of ROS diminished Rg3-plus-ART's inhibitory effects on STAT3 activation in HepG2-SR cells. Conclusions: Rg3-plus-ART overcomes sorafenib resistance in experimental models, and inhibition of Src/STAT3 signaling and modulation of ROS/STAT3 signaling contribute to the underlying mechanisms. Thisstudy provides a pharmacological basis for developing Rg3-plus-ART into a novel modality for treatingsorafenib-resistant hepatoma.

Chinese patent herbal medicine (Shufeng Jiedu capsule) for acute upper respiratory tract infections: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Ying-ying Zhang,Ru-yu Xia,Shi-bing Liang,Xiao-yang Hu,Meng-yuan Dai,Yi-lin Li,Le-yi Zhao,Michael Moore,Yu-tong Fei,Jian-ping Liu 한국한의학연구원 2021 Integrative Medicine Research Vol.10 No.3

Background: Shufeng Jiedu capsule has been widely used in China for acute upper respiratory tract infections (AURTIs). The aim of this study was to evaluate its effectiveness and safety for AURTIs. Methods: Randomized controlled trials comparing SFJD with conventional drug for patients with AURTIs were included. Eight databases were searched from their inceptions to February 2021. Data was synthesized using risk ration (RR) or mean difference (MD) with their 95% confidence interval (CI). The primary outcome was resolution time of typical symptoms. Results: Twenty-five RCTs involving 3410 patients were included. SFJD in combination with conventional drug was associated with; in common cold shortening the duration of fever (MD −1.54 days, 95% CI [−2.15,−0.92], I2 = 80%, n = 385, 3 trials) and cough (MD −1.22 days, 95% CI [−1.52, −0.93]); in herpangina, shortening the duration of fever (MD -0.68 days, 95% CI [−1.15, −0.21], I2 = 68%, n = 140, 2 trials) and blistering (MD −0.99 days, 95% CI [−1.23, −0.76], n = 386, 3 trials); in acute tonsillitis and acute pharyngitis shortening the duration of fever (MD −1.13 days, 95% CI [−1.36, −0.90], I2 = 33%, n = 688, 7 trials) and sore throat (MD −1.13 days, 95% CI [−1.40, −0.86], I2 = 84.1%, n = 1194, 10 trials). SFJD also improving their cure rate with a range (1–5 days). No serious adverse events were reported. Conclusion: Low certainty evidence suggests that SFJD appears to shorten the duration of symptoms in AURTIs, improve cure rate and seems safe for application. However, high quality placebo controlled trials are warranted to confirm its benefit.

Anti-inflammatory effect of hispidin on LPS induced macrophage inflammation through MAPK and JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathways

Han Ying-Hao,Chen Dong-Qin,Jin Mei-Hua,Jin Ying-Hua,Li Jing,Shen Gui-Nan,Li Wei-Long,Gong Yi-Xi,Mao Ying-Ying,Xie Dan-Ping,Lee Dong-Seok,Yu Li-Yun,Kim Sun-Uk,김지수,권태호,Cui Yu-Dong,Sun Hu-Nan 한국응용생명화학회 2020 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.63 No.3

Severe inflammatory reactions caused by macrophage activation can trigger a systemic immune response. In the present study, we observed the anti-inflammatory properties of hispidin on LPS induced RAW264.7 macrophage cells. Our results showed that hispidin treatment significantly reduced the production of cellular NO, IL-6 and reactive oxygen species (ROS) while has not inhibitory effect on TNF-α productions. Excitingly, hispidin treatment retains the phagocytosis ability of macrophages which enabling them to perform the function of removing foreign invaders. Signaling studies showed, hispidin treatment dramatic suppressed the LPS induced mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK) and JAK/STAT activations. In conclusion, our findings suggest that hispidin may be a new therapeutic target for clinical treatment of macrophages-mediated inflammatory responses.

A “New Normal” in Communist China’s Military Leadership Reshuffles: An Interpretation of the New Line-up of Central Military Commission Following the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China

Ying Yu Lin 한국국방연구원 2023 The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis Vol.35 No.3

Following the widely observed 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) in the fall of 2022, observers brought to public attention the replacement of quite a few previously hopeful candidates for top positions in the CPC with ones that were not comparable in seniority and age but had all been colleagues of Xi Jinping before Xi became the top leader of China. Such an unexpected precedent-breaking arrangement was also seen in the selection of members of the new Central Military Commission (CMC). China still advocates the decades-old tenet that the Party commands the gun yet without forgetting at the same time the equally long-lasting principle that political power grows out of the barrel of a gun. Therefore, control over the military is essential to the consolidation of political power. That is where the pivotal role of the CMC comes into play. What are the strategic implications of the new line-up of the CMC after the 20th CPC National Congress? To the surprise of quite a few observers, Zhang Youxia retained his position as one of the two vice chairmen of the commission. The other vice chairman is He Weidong, a new addition to the CMC. The other two new members of the seven-person CMC, including President Xi, who serves concurrently as chairman of the commission, are Liu Zhenli, who is the Chief of the CMC Joint Staff Department, and Li Shangfu, the new defense minister. The other two members, including Miao Hua and Zhang Shengmin, have been on the commission since the 19th CPC National Congress. What are the considerations behind the reshuffle in China’s top military decision-making and command body? All these questions are to be dealt with in this paper. The generals and admirals mentioned above shall be the subjects of analysis. Their backgrounds and specialties may be the reason why they were chosen for their positions.

Study on Novel Structure and Control of Energy Saving of Hydraulic Hybrid Excavator

Ying-Xiao Yu,Kyoung-Kwan Ahn 제어로봇시스템학회 2017 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2017 No.10

Facing the energy crisis and environmental problems, saving energy of hydraulic excavator is very important. This paper proposes a structure of hybrid hydraulic excavator as well as the control strategy. The system combines the advantages of STEAM system, IMV system and hydraulic transformer. The simulation is done by using AMESim software. From the simulation result, the proposed system can reduce energy consumption and reduce the install power of engine and displacement of pump. The boom also gets good performance.

Direct-arylation polymerization catalyzed by NHC-palladium catalysts and side-chain modulation to achieve high field-effect mobilities

Yu-Ying Lai 한국고분자학회 2017 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.42 No.2

Study on Energy Regeneration of Hybrid Hydraulic Excavator using Hydraulic Transformer

Ying-Xiao Yu,Ahn Kyoung Kwan 제어로봇시스템학회 2016 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2016 No.10

Facing the energy crisis and environmental problems, saving energy of construction machinery, especially in the hydraulic excavator is very important. Regeneration of the potential energy is an effective solution to save energy. However, the conventional hybrid excavator can’t regenerate the potential energy. This paper proposes a new structure of hydraulic excavator as well as a control strategy. The focus of the paper is using hydraulic transformer to regenerate energy. The simulation is carried out by the AMESim software. From the simulation results, this new system has a high efficiency for energy saving.

Implementation Evaluation on Foreign Brides.Literacy Education in Taipei

YU-Ying Kuo Sookmyung institute for Multicultural Studies 2010 The Journal of Migration & Society Vol.1 No.1