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Similarity in Neuronal Firing Regimes across Mammalian Species
Mochizuki, Yasuhiro,Onaga, Tomokatsu,Shimazaki, Hideaki,Shimokawa, Takeaki,Tsubo, Yasuhiro,Kimura, Rie,Saiki, Akiko,Sakai, Yutaka,Isomura, Yoshikazu,Fujisawa, Shigeyoshi,Shibata, Ken-ichi,Hirai, Daich Society for Neuroscience 2016 The Journal of neuroscience Vol.36 No.21
<P>The architectonic subdivisions of the brain are believed to be functional modules, each processing parts of global functions. Previously, we showed that neurons in different regions operate in different firing regimes in monkeys. It is possible that firing regimes reflect differences in underlying information processing, and consequently the firing regimes in homologous regions across animal species might be similar. We analyzed neuronal spike trains recorded from behaving mice, rats, cats, and monkeys. The firing regularity differed systematically, with differences across regions in one species being greater than the differences in similar areas across species. Neuronal firing was consistently most regular in motor areas, nearly random in visual and prefrontal/medial prefrontal cortical areas, and bursting in the hippocampus in all animals examined. This suggests that firing regularity (or irregularity) plays a key role in neural computation in each functional subdivision, depending on the types of information being carried.</P>
Evaluation of methane potential for aftercare period by BMP Test at landfill closure
( Yasuhiro Kataoka ),( Osamu Hirata ),( Ayako Tachifuji ),( Yasushi Matsufuji ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2017 한국폐기물자원순환학회 심포지움 Vol.2017 No.1
Maintenance and operation of landfill site can be finished when the leachate quality, temperature of landfill llayer and gases quantity meet the closure standard in Japan. In case of the landfill adopted the semi-aerobic landfill type, if maintenance and operation are stopped, the leachate collection pipe will be submerged, so that the wastes layer turn out to be the anaerobic condition. This means the risk of methane gas generation and consequently explosion and fire accident during aftercare period. Under these backgrounds, the waste samples were collected from four large lysimeters, which have been operated under aerobic or anaerobic during 25 years (N6) or 40 years (06), and were provided for BMP test. These leachate quality and gases quantity in all lysimeter already met the closure standard. As a result of this experiment, the methane production of waste samples for about 5 month were ranging from 6.6 to 15.9(Nml-CH4/g-VS). The concentration of methane gas emitted for landfill to the atmosphere were estimated based on these values and the assumption that the effective porosity of landfill with combustible waste is 30% reported by the National Institute for Environmental Studies in Japan and the dilution rate after releasing into the atmospheric is ten times. All concentration of methane were under 0.5% which is one tenth of explosion limit. From the result, it seems that the risk of explosion by methane during aftercare period should be very small. However, methane production of waste samples from both semi-aerobic and aerobic lysimater 40 years management period (30~40ml-CH<sub>4</sub>/g-VS) were higher than that with 25 years (5~20 ml-CH<sub>4</sub>/g-VS) and the methane production did not decrease according to the management time as expected (Figure 1). On the other hands, a strong correlation was found between the easily decomposable organic matter which is calculated by the ratio of COD<sub>mn</sub> and COD<sub>Cr</sub>, and the methane production. These results suggest that it is necessary to use biological indicators such as BMP tests in order to safety and reliably utilize landfill sites.
Yasuhiro Okumura,Manabu Takamatsu,Manabu Ohashi,Yorimasa Yamamoto,Noriko Yamamoto,Hiroshi Kawachi,Satoshi Ida,Koshi Kumagai,Souya Nunobe,Naoki Hiki,Takeshi Sano 대한위암학회 2018 Journal of gastric cancer Vol.18 No.4
A 55-year-old man visited our hospital for a detailed examination of a gastric submucosal tumor that was first detected 10 years prior. The tumor continued to grow and had developed a depressed area in its center. A histopathological examination of biopsy specimens revealed gastric adenocarcinoma of the fundic gland type (GA-FG). It was diagnosed as T2 based on the invasion depth as determined by white-light endoscopy and endoscopic ultrasonography. A total gastrectomy with lymphadenectomy was performed and a GA-FG in the mucosa and submucosa was confirmed histopathologically. However, there was a gradual transition to an infiltrative tubular adenocarcinoma with poorly differentiated components in the muscular and subserosal layers. Metastasis was identified in a dissected lymph node (LN). This is the first report of a GA-FG progressing to an aggressive cancer with LN metastasis. These findings modify our understanding of the pathophysiology of GA-FG.
Yasuhiro Shiga,Go Kubota,Sumihisa Orita,Kazuhide Inage,Hiroto Kamoda,Masaomi Yamashita,Toru Iseki,Michihiro Ito,Kazuyo Yamauchi,Yawara Eguchi,Takeshi Sainoh,Jun Sato,Kazuki Fujimoto,Koki Abe,Hirohito 대한척추외과학회 2017 Asian Spine Journal Vol.11 No.3
Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) stored at room temperature (RT), frozen, or after freeze-drying. Overview of Literature: PRP enriches tissue repair and regeneration, and is a novel treatment option for musculoskeletal pathologies. However, whether biological activity is preserved during PRP storage remains uncertain. Methods: PRP was prepared from blood of 12 healthy human volunteers (200 mL/person) and stored using three methods: PRP was stored at RT with shaking, PRP was frozen and stored at –80°C, or PRP was freeze-dried and stored at RT. Platelet counts and growth factor content were examined immediately after preparation, as well as 2, 4, and 8 weeks after storage. Platelet activation rate was quantified by flow cytometry. Results: Platelet counts were impossible to determine in many RT samples after 2 weeks, but they remained at constant levels in frozen and freeze-dried samples, even after 8 weeks of storage. Flow cytometry showed approximately 80% activation of the platelets regardless of storage conditions. Almost no growth factors were detected in the RT samples after 8 weeks, while low but significant expression was detected in the frozen and freeze-dried PRP. Over time, the mean relative concentrations of various growth factors decreased significantly or disappeared in the RT group. In the frozen group, levels were maintained for 4 weeks, but decreased significantly by 8 weeks (p <0.05). The freeze-dried group maintained baseline levels of growth factors for the entire 8-week duration. Conclusions: Freeze-drying enables PRP storage while maintaining bioactivity and efficacy for extended periods.
REDUCTION IN THE HEAD INJURY LEVEL DUE TO JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL CYCLISTS WEARING HELMETS
Yasuhiro Matsui,Shoko Oikawa 한국자동차공학회 2018 International journal of automotive technology Vol.19 No.6
We assessed the effect of wearing a junior-high-school helmet when the frontal or lateral part of a helmet impacted the upper part and lower part of the A-pillar of a vehicle at 35 km/h (212 J). The head injury criterions (HICs) of the headform impactor without a helmet were respectively 4530 and 4937. In the case of the headform impactor wearing a junior-high-school helmet, the helmet reduced the HIC by 17.5 % and 9.9 % for impacts of the frontal part of the helmet and by 15.0 % and 4.0 % for impacts of the lateral part of the helmet. We also assessed the effect of wearing a junior-high-school helmet when the frontal part of the helmet impacted a road surface from a height of 1.5 m (66 J). The HIC of the headform impactor without a helmet was 6525. The HIC was reduced by 82.7 % when wearing a junior-high-school helmet. Both experiments show that, under a relatively low impact energy condition such as a road surface impact, wearing a junior-highschool helmet greatly reduces the head injury level. Meanwhile, under a relatively high-impact-energy condition such as impact against an A-pillar, wearing a junior-high-school helmet is ineffective in reducing the head injury level.
Yasuhiro Takeuchi,Junko Hashimoto,Yosuke Nishida,Chiemi Yamagiwa,Takashi Tamura,Akihide Atsumi 대한골다공증학회 2018 Osteoporosis and Sarcopenia Vol.4 No.1
Objectives: This postmarketing, observational study evaluated the safety and effectiveness of monthly intravenous (IV) ibandronate in Japanese patients with osteoporosis. Methods: Eligible patients received monthly IV ibandronate 1mg for 12 months. Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) were evaluated. Changes in bone mineral density (BMD) and bone turnover markers (BTMs) were assessed using matched t-test analysis. Cumulative fracture rates were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier methodology. Results: In total, 1062 patients were enrolled, of whom 1025 (n= 887 women, n= 138 men) were treated. Mean patient age was 77 years. Seventy-five ADRs were reported in 54 patients (5.26%). Four patients (0.39%) experienced serious ADRs, including one case of osteonecrosis of the jaw. Acute-phase reactions occurred in 21 patients (2.04%), and half of them arose after the first ibandronate injection. No new safety concerns were identified. Significant increases in BMD at 12 months relative to baseline were observed at the lumbar spine (4.84%, n= 187; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.47%-6.21%), femoral neck (2.73%, n= 166; 95% CI, 1.46%-4.01%), and total hip (1.93%, n= 133; 95% CI, 0.80%-3.07%). Significant reductions were observed in all BTMs at 12 months (n = 174 in tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-5b, n = 101 in procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide at baseline). The cumulative incidence of nontraumatic,new vertebral and nonvertebral fractures was 3.16% (95% CI, 2.12%-4.70%). Analyses in women only showed similar results to the overall population. Conclusions: These findings confirm the favorable safety and consistent effectiveness of ibandronate, and indicate that monthly IV ibandronate would be beneficial in daily practice for the treatment of Japanese patients with osteoporosis.