China’s Legislative Trend on Cruise Carrier’s Liability: –Focus on the first draft of Proposal for Revising the Maritime Law -

Yan Qiu MA 한국해사법학회 2018 해사법연구 Vol.30 No.3

중국은 현재 해상법 개정작업을 시작하여, 개정안초안에 대한 전문가의견수렴단계에 있다. 해상여객운송인의 책임에 대하여, 개정안초안은 아테네협약 2002년 의정서의 일부 원칙을 수용하였는데, 크루즈운송인의 의무와 책임에 관한 내용을 증가하였다. 이종책임체계, 크루즈운송인의 의무, 강제보험과 직접 청구권 등 규정을 신설하였는바, 이는 크루즈여객에 대하여 강력한 보호를 제공하고자 하고 있으며, 여객으로 하여금 권리의 존재여부를 쉽게 알도록 하고있다. 그러나 개정안초안의 크루즈운송인책임제도는 아직 미흡한 점이 있는바 이를 보완할 필요가 있다. 본 고는 해상법개정안초안의 크루즈운송인책임제도와 현행 해상법 및 <아테네협약 2002년 의정서> 내용에 대한 비교연구를 통하여 중점적으로 크루즈운송인의 책임기간과 의무, 크루즈운송중 부동한 운송기간운송인의 책임에 대한 법률적용, 책임기초, 책임제한, 강제책임보험 및 강제책임보험인에 대한 직접 청구권 등 문제를 규명하고자 한다. China initiated the revision of the Maritime Law and the first draft of the Proposal is soliciting opinions from law field as well as shipping field.1) The Proposal borrows some general principles from the 2002 Athens Protocol for the passenger carrier’s liability regime. What’s more, some provisions specific for cruise carrier’s duties and liabilities are added in such as network liability system, cruise carrier’s duties, compulsory insurance and direct action against liability insurers, thus providing a cruise passenger with stronger protection and making it easier for him/her to understand just which his/her rights are. However, the regime of cruise carrier’s liability in this paper still needs some improvement because of some slight imperfections. This article aims to give a somewhat comprehensive study on the liability framework of the cruise carrier in the Proposal and, where necessary, compare with the current Maritime Law and the 2002 Athens Protocol, focus on the responsibility period of the cruise carrier, the relevant obligations, the application of the laws in various sections of the cruise journey, the grounds for responsibility, the limit of liability, compulsory insurance and direct claims against liability insurers.

A Study on the Civil Liability of Freight Forwarders under Chinese Law - Focus on the Regulations on the Trial of Disputes over Ocean Freight Forwarding - 1

Yan-Qiu Ma,Yan-An Yu 한국해사법학회 2016 해사법연구 Vol.28 No.3

오늘날, 해상화물 운송주선인은 해상운송 시장 내 경쟁이 심화됨에 따라 그 의 업무 범위도 많이 변화되어, 화주와 운송업자 간의 연결 뿐만 아니라 많은 업무를 수행하고 있는데, mere agent, contracting carrier 및 performing carrier 등의 업무를 수행하면서 여러 가지 법적 문제가 발생 할 수 있다. 이러한 배경 을 바탕으로 중국최고법원은 해상화물 운송주선인의 분쟁의 재판에 관한 법규 를 제정하였다. 본 연구의 목적은 이 법규를 소개하고 해상화물 운송주선인의 정의 및 법적 책임, 운송 서류의 송달 지연, FOB 조건 하에서의 운송 서류의 송달, 화물의 멸실 및 훼손의 고지 및 해상화물 운송주선에 관한 분쟁의 시효 및 관할권에 대하여 논하고자 한다. With the highly competitive market, the functions of the freight forwarders have changed a lot. They are not only the link between the owner of the goods and the carrier, but also undertake many duties and can act as the mere agent, the contracting carrier or the performing carrier, while these may led to the arguments in judicial procedure with economic disputes. On such basis, the Supreme People’s Court of China had promulgated the Regulations concerning the trial of disputes over ocean freight forwarding. This article aims to outline the highlights of the Regulation on the identification of freight forwarders and their civil liability, and hope to answer and explain the detention of documents, the delivery of transport documents under FOB Terms, notice of loss or damage, time bar and jurisdiction over disputes of freight forwarding service.

China’s Legislative Trend on Cruise Carrier’s Liability –Focus on the first draft of Proposal for Revising the Maritime Law-

Yan-Qiu MA 한국해사법학회 2018 해사법연구 Vol.30 No.3

중국은 현재 해상법 개정작업을 시작하여, 개정안초안에 대한 전문가의견수렴단계에 있다. 해상여객운송인의 책임에 대하여, 개정안초안은 아테네협약 2002년 의정서의 일부 원칙을 수용하였는데, 크루즈운송인의 의무와 책임에 관한 내용을 증가하였다. 이종책임체계, 크루즈운송인의 의무, 강제보험과 직접 청구권 등 규정을 신설하였는바, 이는 크루즈여객에 대하여 강력한 보호를 제공하고자 하고 있으며, 여객으로 하여금 권리의 존재여부를 쉽게 알도록 하고 있다. 그러나 개정안초안의 크루즈운송인책임제도는 아직 미흡한 점이 있는바 이를 보완할 필요가 있다. 본 고는 해상법개정안초안의 크루즈운송인책임제도와 현행 해상법 및 <아테네협약 2002년 의정서> 내용에 대한 비교연구를 통하여 중점적으로 크루즈운송인의 책임기간과 의무, 크루즈운송중 부동한 운송기간운송인의 책임에 대한 법률적용, 책임기초, 책임제한, 강제책임보험 및 강제책임보험인에 대한 직접 청구권 등 문제를 규명하고자 한다. China initiated the revision of the Maritime Law and the first draft of the Proposal is soliciting opinions from law field as well as shipping field. The Ministry of Transport of the People’s Republic of China has been continuously carrying out revision research on the Maritime law. It has organized two systematic studies in 2000 and 2013 respectively, with certain basic accumulation. Considering the professional and the complexity of maritime law, a research program is formed again in 2017 and, after nearly two years of hard work, a first draft proposal was ultimately finished. The Proposal borrows some general principles from the 2002 Athens Protocol for the passenger carrier’s liability regime. What’s more, some provisions specific for cruise carrier’s duties and liabilities are added in such as network liability system, cruise carrier’s duties, compulsory insurance and direct action against liability insurers, thus providing a cruise passenger with stronger protection and making it easier for him/her to understand just which his/her rights are. However, the regime of cruise carrier’s liability in this paper still needs some improvement because of some slight imperfections. This article aims to give a somewhat comprehensive study on the liability framework of the cruise carrier in the Proposal and, where necessary, compare with the current Maritime Law and the 2002 Athens Protocol, focus on the responsibility period of the cruise carrier, the relevant obligations, the application of the laws in various sections of the cruise journey, the grounds for responsibility, the limit of liability, compulsory insurance and direct claims against liability insurers.

Regional Homogeneity Brain Alterations in Schizophrenia: An Activation Likelihood Estimation Meta-Analysis

Xiaolei Qiu,Wenwen Xu,Rongrong Zhang,Wei Yan,Wenying Ma,Shiping Xie,Min Zhou 대한신경정신의학회 2021 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.18 No.8

Objective Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) provides a lot of evidence for local abnormal brain activity in schizophrenia, but the results are not consistent. Our aim is to find out the consistent abnormal brain regions of the patients with schizophrenia by using regional homogeneity (ReHo), and indirectly understand the degree of brain damage of the patients with drug-naive first episode schizophrenia (Dn-FES) and chronic schizophrenia. Methods We performed the experiment by activation likelihood estimation (ALE) software to analysis the differences between people with schizophrenia group (all schizophrenia group and chronic schizophrenia group) and healthy controls. Results Thirteen functional imaging studies were included in quantitative meta-analysis. All schizophrenia group showed decreased ReHo in bilateral precentral gyrus (PreCG) and left middle occipital gyrus (MOG), and increased ReHo in bilateral superior frontal gyrus (SFG) and right insula. Chronic schizophrenia group showed decreased ReHo in bilateral MOG, right fusiform gyrus, left PreCG, left cerebellum, right precuneus, left medial frontal gyrus and left anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). No significant increased brain areas were found in patients with chronic schizophrenia. Conclusion Our findings suggest that patients with chronic schizophrenia have more extensive brain damage than FES, which may contribute to our understanding of the progressive pathophysiology of schizophrenia.

ELECTRIC-FIELD DEPENDENCE OF MOLECULAR CONFORMATIONS OBSERVED BY USING SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPY

XIAO JING MA,RUI ZHANG,YONG TAO SHEN,XIAO HUI QIU,YAN LIAN YANG,CHEN WANG 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2008 NANO Vol.3 No.2

We review the progress in observation of electrically induced conformational changes of a range of single molecules and molecular assemblies using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Recent results using species with optical active functional groups and supramolecular structures confirmed the previously observed effects that the cholesterol molecules with soft linkers have the conformational bistability when switching the bias polarity, while no discernable changes were observed for the mesogen molecules, containing rigid linking units. In addition, it was also observed that the linker units could have appreciable impacts on the assembling characteristics.

Effects of Temperature, pH, and Inhibitors on the Procoagulant Characterization of FIa, a Factor X Activator from the Venom of Daboia russellii siamensis (Myanmar)

Huanhuan Sun,Haiqing Ma,Guangyao He,Jiashu Chen,Pengxin Qiu,Guangmei Yan 대한약학회 2010 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.33 No.7

FIa, a factor X activator, was isolated from the venom of Daboia russellii siamensis (Myanmar) after a series of chromatographic separations. FIa displayed procoagulant activity by shortening plasma recalcification time and converted human factor X (FX) to activated human factor X (FXa) by cleaving the heavy FX chain, possibly at the Arg51-Ile52 peptide. FIa was positive in a glycoprotein staining test, demonstrating that it is a glycoprotein. Optimal temperature and pH values were important for FIa procoagulant activity. Procoagulant activity was maintained above 85% of the initial activity at pH 7.0~8.0, and showed equally maximum activity at temperatures ranging from 30 to 50oC. In addition, FIa procoagulant activity was completely inhibited by EDTA (5 mM), but not by PMSF (10 mM), suggesting that it is a metalloproteinase.

Ion/molecule imprinted polymers with double binding sites via twice imprinting strategy for selective and simultaneous removal of l-cyhalothrin and Cu(II)

Hengjia Zhu,Jianming Pan,Jun Cao,Yue Ma,Fengxian Qiu,Wenli Zhang,Yongsheng Yan 한국공업화학회 2017 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.49 No.-

Herein we reported a facile method to prepare porous ion/molecule imprinted polymers (I-MIPs) viatwice imprinting strategy for the simultaneous uptake of copper ions (Cu(II)) and l-cyhalothrin (LC). Firstly, N-(b-aminoethyl)-g-aminopropytrimethoxysilane (DAMO) was grafted on silica particles surfaceto synthesis Cu(II)-imprinted polymers to introduce iron imprinted sites. They were then utilized asstabilizers to prepare a stable W/O Pickering HIPEs template (LC as the imprinting molecule), which wasthen polymerized with dual imprinting sites including Cu(II) and LC. The adsorption equilibrium, kineticresults and selective recognition experiments were exhibited their prospected dual selectivity andsimultaneous removal of LC and Cu(II).

Characterization and Expression Profile of CMTM3/CKLFSF3

( Ji Zhong ),( Yu Wang ),( Xiao Yan Qiu ),( Xiao Ning Mo ),( Ya Nan Liu ),( Ting Li ),( Quan Sheng Song ),( Da Long Ma ),( Wen Ling Han ) 생화학분자생물학회 2006 BMB Reports Vol.39 No.5

Influence of oxygen equivalent on molten salt oxidation efficiency of mixed resin in Li2CO3-Na2CO3-K2CO3 melt

Xin Liu,Zi-Yu Liu,Yang-Hai Zheng,Yong-De Yan,Wen-Da Xu,Yun Xue,Yue-Lin Wang,Fu-Qiu Ma,Kai Zhu,Yu-Sheng Yang 한국공업화학회 2023 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.120 No.-

The disposal of spent radioactive ion exchange resin generated during the operation of nuclear facilitieshas always been a conundrum. The molten salt oxidation (MSO) for the treatment of mixed resin (MR)shows obvious superiority. In this work, ternary carbonate (Li2CO3-Na2CO3-K2CO3) and MR was usedas the molten salt system and the oxidation target, respectively. The oxidation behavior of MR was analyzedby varying the temperature and oxygen equivalent during the MSO process. By studying the effectof different oxygen equivalents on the oxidation efficiency, the oxygen equivalent of 125% could make theoxidation efficiency of MR reach 99.99% at 800 C. The composition of C, N and S containing exhaust gasproduced through MSO process of MR with temperature were almost consistent with the simulationresults. The exhaust gas was successfully adsorbed by molten carbonate to produce nitrate and sulfurcompounds. The carbonate has good absorption to harmful gases such as SO2, CO, NO, etc. The contentof SO2 from the highest 0.32% to 0, and 71.23% of sulfur in MR was trapped by molten carbonate asthe form of sulfate. This work has important implications for reducing the potential harm of radioactivewaste resin to the environment.

Study on molten salt oxidation process of simulated Co doped cation exchange resins

Yun Xue,Yue-Lin Wang,Yu Li,Wen-Da Xu,Fu-Qiu Ma,Yang-Hai Zheng,Qing-Guo Zhang,Zhi Zhang,Mi-lin Zhang,Yong-De Yan 한국공업화학회 2023 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.126 No.-

Cation exchange resins (CERs) are widely applied to purify waste liquids generated during the operationof nuclear reactors. The radioactive nuclides 60Co and 58Co are important corrosion activation products inreactor cooling water. In this study, the simulated Co doped CERs were oxidized with ternary carbonate. According to the thermogravimetric analysis (TG), the decomposition of Co doped CERs includes threeprocesses: 1. Elimination of the osmotic water; 2. Pyrolysis of sulfonic acid group; 3. Destruction of styrene–divinylbenzene copolymer. The X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) patterns indicate that sulfur mainly exists inthe form of sulfate in waste salt. The Co2+ undergoes the path of CoS2 ? Co3O4 with the increase of temperatureand the transition point is 650 C. Combined with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR)spectra and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) analysis, sulfonic acid groups begin to decomposeat 350 C. During the molten salt oxidation process, most of the sulfur in sulfonic acid groups is entrappedby carbonate as the form of sulfate, and a little of which remains as sulfone group, sulfoxide group andsulfur bridge in residue. When the resins are oxidized at 800 C, the retention rate of Co2+ is 97.3%, indicatingthat the molten salt oxidation can effectively remain Co2+ and convert it into a more stablesubstance.