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지속적인 생균제의 첨가가 돼지의 성장, 영양소 이용율 혈중 요소태 질소 및 면역능력에 미치는 영향
길동용,임종선,전경철,김법균,김경수,김유용 한국동물자원과학회 2004 한국축산학회지 Vol.46 No.1
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of continuous feeding of probiotics on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood urea nitrogen(BUN) and immune responses in pigs. Treatments were 1) Control(basal diet), 2) P-0.1(basal diet + 0.1% probiotics) and 3) P-0.2(basal diet + 0.2% probiotics). In growth trial, a total of sixty pigs(6.17±0.45 ㎏ average body weight) weaned at 21 days of age were used. All pigs were assigned according to sex and body weight, and each treatment had 5 replicates of 4 pigs per pen in a randomized complete block(RCB) design. During 0~8 weeks, there was no significant difference in average daily gain(ADG), average daily feed intake(ADFI) and gain:feed ratio(G/F) among treatments. During 9~20 weeks, ADG was improved significantly in pigs fed P-0.1 or P-0.2 diets when compared to the pig fed control diet(P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in ADFI and G/F ratio. During overall period, ADG, ADFI and G/F ratio were not significantly different among treatments. In the first metabolic trial(17.93±1.45㎏ average body weight), apparent digestibility of DM, protein, fat in pigs fed P-0.1 and P-0.2 diets were greater than in pigs fed control diet(P<0.05) and ash digestibility in pigs fed P-0.2 diet was significantly higher than in pigs fed control diet(P<0.05). Calcium digestibility in pigs fed P-0.2 diet was significantly higher than in pigs fed control and P-0.1 diets(P<0.05). Fecal-N excretion was lower in pigs fed P-0.1 and P-0.2 diets than in pigs fed control(P<0.05). In the second metabolic trial(41.80±2.68㎏ average body weight), there was no significant difference among treatments in apparent digestibility of nutrients and N-retention. In blood assay for the BUN and immune responses investigations, there was no significant difference among treatments during overall period of experiment. Therefore, this experiment suggested that probiotics supplementation could improve growth performance and nutrient digestibility of pigs.
Tian, J.Z.,Yun, M.S.,Ju, W.S.,Long, H.F.,Kim, J.H.,Kil, D.Y.,Chang, J.S.,Cho, S.B.,Kim, Y.Y.,Han, In K. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2006 Animal Bioscience Vol.19 No.1
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of selenium (Se) sources and levels on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and Se retention in growing-finishing pigs. A total of 56 crossbred pigs ([$Landrace{\times}Yorkshire$]${\times}$Large White) with average $28.5{\pm}0.2kg$ BW were allotted to 7 treatments on the basis of sex and weight in two replicates and four pigs per pen. A $2{\times}3$ factorial arrangement of treatments was used in a randomized complete block (RCB) design. Two sources of Se (selenite Se or Se-enriched yeast) were added at 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 mg/kg to each treatment diet. A basal diet without Se supplementation was the seventh treatment group. Three pigs per treatment were randomly selected and samples of loin, liver, pancreas and a kidney were collected, frozen and later analyzed for Se. The digestibility trial was conducted to evaluate the apparent absorption and retention of Se and availability of other nutrients. Growth performance was not affected by dietary sources and levels of Se. No growth retardation was observed in the 0.5 mg/kg dietary Se treatment group regardless of Se sources. The Se concentration of serum in Se supplemented groups was increased compared with the control group (p<0.01). During the growing and finishing phase, Se in serum was clearly increased when organic Se was provided (p<0.01). Interaction of Se source ${\times}$ Se level was observed in Se concentration of loin, liver and pancreas of the pigs at the end of experiment. Selenium retention in the liver, kidney, pancreas and loin of pigs was increased as dietary Se level increased and was higher when pigs were fed organic Se resulting in an interaction response (p<0.01). Nutrient digestibilities were not affected by dietary Se sources or levels. No dietary Se source ${\times}$ Se level interaction was observed in nutrient digestibility. The results from this experiment indicated that dietary Se sources and levels affected the distribution of Se in the body of growing-finishing pigs. Organic source of Se, such as Se-enriched yeast resulted in higher serum and tissue Se concentration compared to inorganic form, while no beneficial effects on nutrient digestibility were observed from dietary Se supplementation in growing-finishing pigs.
Y. Tian,X. N. Xu,Q. B. Ye,R. D. K. Misra,Z. D. Wang 대한금속·재료학회 2021 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.27 No.10
Low temperature toughness continues to be a major challenge and significant efforts are being made in this regard. Weaddress the challenge of scientific and technological gap through the design of a novel process involving a three-stage coolingtrajectory during thermo-mechanical controlled processing to process high strength low alloy heavy plates with highlow temperature toughness. Interestingly, in contrast to the conventional continuous cooling process, the three-stage coolingtrajectory enabled us to obtain a favorable acicular ferrite toughening enhancing microstructure. On the other hand, martensite–austenite islands were characterized by small dot morphology in the three-stage cooling trajectory that restrict cracknucleation and prevent debonding from the matrix. The low temperature impact toughness at − 80 °C exceeded ~ 500% inrelation to the conventional process. The mechanism of formation of acicular ferrite and its impact on toughness is criticallyanalyzed experimentally via electron microscopy and electron back scattered diffraction analysis and theoretically discussedin the context of toughening and crack arresting mechanism.
INERTIAL SYSTEM CAD-THE APPLICATION OF THE CHARACTERISTIC LOCUS (CL) METHOD
Li, D. L.,Guo, S. Y.,Tian, Z. Y.,Zhang, D. Z. 대한전자공학회 1992 HICEC:Harbin International Conference on Electroni Vol.1 No.1
The characteristic locus method that was advanced by Macfarlane from British is new type of CAD theory for the multivariable system. This method has not severe asking, comparing with the uncoupling method and it avoids bringing some errors, comparing with the classical method. The working out of the software package of the CL method is discussedin this paper. Using this package, analysis and design are made to a two-axis platform and the satisfied result is got through actual debugging.
Dependence of infrared radiation on microstructure of polymer derived ceramic coating on steel
H. Tian,Y.M. Wang,Y. Liu,L.X. Guo,J.H. Ouyang,Y. Zhou,D.C. Jia 한국물리학회 2013 Current Applied Physics Vol.13 No.1
High infrared emissivity ceramic coatings were prepared on 304 steel by pyrolyzing reactions with poly(hydridomethylsiloxane) (PHMS) and Al/Cr2O3 based mixing powders. The effects of pyrolysis temperature, testing temperature and surface roughness on infrared radiation of polymer derived ceramic coating were systematically investigated. The results indicated that the coating pyrolyzed at 800 C exhibited a slightly higher infrared emissivity value than that of the coating pyrolyzed at 600 C, which was attributed to the enhancing photon emission caused by the complete conversion of Al to Al2O3 and PHMS pyrolysis into SiO2, together with the introduction of Cr2O3 based mixing powders. The emissivity value in 3e8 mm waveband of the coating was lower about 0.03 at 600 C compared with 800 C testing temperature, while the emissivity value was almost the same in 8e20 mm waveband. The high surface roughness of the coating led to a slightly increasing emissivity due to the enhancing infrared absorbance.
Yin, H.D.,Tian, K.,Li, D.Y.,Gilbert, E.R.,Xiao, L.H.,Chen, S.Y.,Wang, Y.,Liu, Y.P.,Zhao, X.L.,Zhu, Q. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2014 Animal Bioscience Vol.27 No.3
Cellular retinol-binding protein II (CRBP II) belongs to the family of cellular retinol-binding proteins and plays a major role in absorption, transport, and metabolism of vitamin A. In addition, because vitamin A is correlated with reproductive performance, we measured CRBP II mRNA abundance in erlang mountainous chickens by real-time PCR using the relative quantification method. The expression of CRBP II showed a tissue-specific pattern and egg production rate-dependent changes. The expression was very high (p<0.05) in jejunum and liver, intermediate in kidney, ovary, and oviduct, and lowest (p<0.05) in heart, hypothalamus, and pituitary. In the hypothalamus, oviduct, ovary, and pituitary, CRBP II mRNA abundance were correlated to egg production rate, which increased from 12 wk to 32 wk, peaked at 32 wk relative to the other time points, and then decreased from 32 wk to 45 wk. In contrast, the expression of CRBP II mRNA in heart, jejunum, kidney, and liver was not different at any of the ages evaluated in this study. These data may help to understand the genetic basis of vitamin A metabolism, and suggest that CRBP II may be a candidate gene to affect egg production traits in chickens.
Kim, B.G.,Tian, J.Z.,Lim, J.S.,Kil, D.Y.,Jeon, H.Y.,Chung, Y.K.,Kim, Y.Y. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2004 Animal Bioscience Vol.17 No.12
A total of 140 weaning pigs were used to determine the effects of digestive enzyme supplementation to corn-soybean meal diets on growth performance, physiological changes of small intestine, microorganisms and pH in the gastrointestinal tract. Two kinds of enzyme complex (A, B) were used in this experiment. Pigs were allotted in a completely random design (CRD) to five replicates with four pigs per pen. Diets and water were provided for ad libitum consumption. Treatments included 1) Control: without enzyme supplementation, 2) Enzyme A 0.05%, 3) Enzyme A 0.10%, 4) Enzyme A 0.15%, 5) Enzyme B 0.05%, 6) Enzyme B 0.10%, 7) Enzyme B 0.15% in the diets. A total of 24 crossbred barrows 25.78${\pm}$0.55 kg BW fitted with simple ileal T-cannulas were used to evaluate the effect the enzyme addition on the nutrient digstibility. Pigs were allotted 4 treatments (No enzyme, enzyme A 0.05%, enzyme A 0.1%, enzyme A 0.15%), 6 replicates according to a completely random design (CRD). Another digestibility trial was followed for enzyme complex B. Twenty pigs, average 31.92${\pm}$0.37 kg BW, fitted with simple ileal T-cannulas for digestibility trial. Neither enzyme A nor enzyme B affected on fecal or ileal digestibility of dry matter, gross energy, crude protein, crude fat and crude ash (p>0.05). The apparent fecal digestibilities of all the nutrients were higher in total feces collection method than in indirect method. At the end of feeding trial, 21 pigs were slaughtered for examining the morphological changes of small intestine and the concentration of microorganisms in the ileum and the colon. Growth performance, intestinal morphology and pH of ileum and colon were not affected by the either enzyme complex supplementation (p>0.05). These results suggested that enzyme complex A and enzyme complex B were of no benefit to early-weaned pigs when corn-soybean meal based diet was provided.