Raindrop Category Numerical Modeling on Microphysical Process of Precipitation Formation of Stratiform Cloud in Northern China

Xue-Liang Guo(꿔쒜량),Yong-Seung Chung(정용승),Mei-Yuan Huang(황메이완),Ling Zhou(쪼링) 한국기상학회 1998 Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Vol.34 No.4

Comparative Phylogenetic Relationships and Genetic Structure of the Caterpillar Fungus Ophiocordyceps sinensis and Its Host Insects Inferred from Multiple Gene Sequences

Qing-Mei Quan,Qing-Xia Wang,Xue-Li Zhou,Shan Li,Xiao-Ling Yang,Yun-Guo Zhu,Zhou Cheng 한국미생물학회 2014 The journal of microbiology Vol.52 No.2

Ophiocordyceps sinensis (Ascomycota: Ophiocordycipitaceae)is a native fungal parasite of Hepialidae caterpillars and oneof the most economically important medicinal caterpillarfungi in China. However, little is known about the phylogeneticand evolutionary relationships between O. sinensis andits host insects. In this study, nuclear ITS and β-tubulin sequencesfrom O. sinensis and mitochondrial COI, COII, andCytb sequences from its hosts were analyzed across 33 populationssampled from five regions in China. Phylogenetically,both O. sinensis and its hosts were divided into three geographicallycorrelated clades, and their phylogenies were congruent. Analysis of molecular variance and calculated coefficientsof genetic differentiation revealed significant geneticdivergence among the clades within both O. sinensis (FST=0.878, NST=0.842) and its hosts (FST=0.861, NST=0.816). Estimatedgene flow was very low for O. sinensis (Nm=0.04) andthe host insects (Nm=0.04) among these three clades. Manteltests demonstrated a significant correlation (P<0.01) betweenthe genetic distances for O. sinensis and its hosts, as well as asignificant association (P<0.05) between geographic and geneticdistances in both. The similar phylogenetic relationships,geographic distributions, and genetic structure and differentiationbetween O. sinensis and its hosts imply that they have coevolved.

Two New Phenolic Glycosides from Curculigo orchioides

Ai-Xue Zuo,Yong Shen,Zhi-Yong Jiang,Xue-Mei Zhang,Jun Zhou,Jun Lü,Ji-Jun Chen 대한화학회 2011 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.32 No.3

Two new phenolic glycosides were isolated from the rhizomes of Curculigo orchioides Gaertn.. Based on comprehensive spectroscopic analyses including IR, MS, 1D- and 2D NMR (COSY, HSQC, and HMBC), their structures were elucidated as 3-hydroxyl-5-methyphenol-1-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-glucopyranoside (1) and 1',3'-dimethoxyl-4-hydroxyalangifolioside (2).

Chimeric rabies glycoprotein with a transmembrane domain and cytoplasmic tail from Newcastle disease virus fusion protein incorporates into the Newcastle disease virion at reduced levels

Gui Mei Yu,Shu Long Zu,Wei Wei Zhou,Xi Jun Wang,Lei Shuai,Xue Lian Wang,Jin Ying Ge,Zhi Gao Bu 대한수의학회 2017 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.18 No.-

Rabies remains an important worldwide health problem. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was developed as a vaccine vector in animals by using a reverse genetics approach. Previously, our group generated a recombinant NDV (LaSota strain) expressing the complete rabies virus G protein (RVG), named rL-RVG. In this study, we constructed the variant rL-RVGTM, which expresses a chimeric rabies virus G protein (RVGTM) containing the ectodomain of RVG and the transmembrane domain (TM) and a cytoplasmic tail (CT) from the NDV fusion glycoprotein to study the function of RVG’s TM and CT. The RVGTM did not detectably incorporate into NDV virions, though it was abundantly expressed at the surface of infected BHK-21 cells. Both rL-RVG and rL-RVGTM induced similar levels of NDV virus-neutralizing antibody (VNA) after initial and secondary vaccination in mice, whereas rabies VNA induction by rL-RVGTM was markedly lower than that induced by rL-RVG. Though rL-RVG could spread from cell to cell like that in rabies virus, rL-RVGTM lost this ability and spread in a manner similar to the parental NDV. Our data suggest that the TM and CT of RVG are essential for its incorporation into NDV virions and for spreading of the recombinant virus from the initially infected cells to surrounding cells.

Effects of zearalenone on the localization and expression of the growth hormone receptor gene in the uteri of post-weaning piglets

Min Zhou,Li Jie Yang,Wei Ren Yang,Li Bo Huang,Xue Mei Zhou,Shu Zhen Jiang,Zai Bin Yang 아세아·태평양축산학회 2018 Animal Bioscience Vol.31 No.1

Objective: In this study, we investigated the adverse effects of dietary zearalenone (ZEA) (0.5 to 1.5 mg/kg diet) on the localization and expression of the growth hormone receptor (GHR) in the uteri of post-weaning gilts and explored alternative mechanism of the reproductive toxicity of ZEA on piglets. Methods: A total of forty healthy piglets (Duroc×Landrace×Large White) aged 28 d were selected for study. Piglets were transferred to single cages after 10 days’ adaptation on an obstetric table. The animals were allocated to one of four treatments: a normal basal diet supplemented with 0 (Control), 0.5 (ZEA0.5), 1.0 (ZEA1.0), or 1.5 (ZEA1.5) mg/kg purified ZEA, and fed for 35 d after the 10-d adaptation. Analyzed ZEA concentrations in the diets were 0, 0.52±0.07, 1.04±0.03, and 1.51±0.13 mg/kg, respectively. At the end of the feeding trial, piglets were euthanized after being fasted for 12 h. Two samples of uterine tissue from each pig were rapidly collected, one of which was stored at –80°C for analysis of the relative mRNA and protein expression of GHR, and the second was promptly fixed in Bouin’s solution for immunohistochemical analysis. Results: The relative weight of the uteri and thickness of the myometrium and endometrium increased linearly (p<0.001) and quadratically (p<0.001) with an increasing level of ZEA. The results of immunohistochemical analysis indicated that GHR immunoreactive substance was mainly localizated in the cytoplasm of uterine smooth muscle, glandular epithelial, luminal epithelial, stromal, and vascular endothelial cells. In contrast, nuclear staining was rarely observed. The immunoreactive integrated optic density of GHR in the myometrium, luminal epithelium, glandular epithelium, and whole uteri of weaning gilts increased linearly (p<0.001) and quadratically (p<0.05) with an increasing level of ZEA. The mRNA and protein expression of GHR in the uteri of weaning gilts increased linearly (p<0.001) and quadratically (p<0.05) with an increasing level of ZEA. Conclusion: In conclusion, ZEA at a concentration of 0.5 mg/kg was sufficient to significantly thicken the myometrium and endometrium, and at a concentration of 1.0 mg/kg induced a high level of GHR expression to promote growth and development of the uteri. This revealed an alternative molecular mechanism whereby ZEA induces growth and development of the uteri and provides a theoretical basis for the revision of Chinese feed hygiene standards.

Versicolols A and B, two new prenylated isocoumarins from endophytic fungus Aspergillus versicolor and their cytotoxic activity

Min Zhou,Jie Lou,Yin-Ke Li,Yue-De Wang,Kun Zhou,Bing-Kun Ji,Wei Dong,Xue-Mei Gao,Gang Du,Qiu-Fen Hu 대한약학회 2017 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.40 No.1

Versicolols A and B (1 and 2), two rareprenylated isocoumarin derivatives, along with five knownisocoumarins (3–7) were isolated from the fermentationproducts of an endophytic fungus Aspergillus versicolor. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensivespectroscopic analysis, including 1D- and 2D-NMR techniques. Compounds 1 and 2 were evaluated for their cytotoxicityagainst five human tumor cell lines. The resultsshowed that compounds 1 exhibited weak cytotoxicityagainst A549 and MCF7 cells with IC50 values of 9.4 and8.8 lm, and compound 2 exhibited weak cytotoxicityagainst SHSY5Y and MCF7 cells with IC50 values of 8.2and 6.8 lm, respectively.

Raindrop Category Numerical Modeling on Microphysical Process of Precipitation Formation of Stratiform Cloud in Northern China

Guo,Xue-Liang,Huang,Mei-Yuan,Chung,Yong-Seung,Zhou,Ling 한국교원대학교 환경과학연구소 2000 환경연구논문집 Vol.- No.5

중국 북부지방의 관측자료와 강우 category model을 이용하여 강수 발생의 미세과정과 전형적인 층운 3가지 종류가 형성될 때의 빙정 역할이 분석되었다. 종류 Ⅰ는 강한 전선면의 광범위한 상승에 따른 층운의 형성으로서 강우의 발생은 주로 수증기의 침전과 상층 구름 속 빙정위의 riming과정에 좌우된다. 이때 빙정은 높은 구름에 매우 큰 농도로 존재하여 강수의 형성에 중요한 역할을 하며 이 구름 종류의 seeder-feeder 과정으로 고려된다. 종류 Ⅱ는 저기압 규모의 수렴에 의해 형성되는 층운으로서 riming에 의해 성장되는 빙정과정에 따라 발생되는 강수이다. 종류 Ⅲ은 약한 전선면상에 발생되는 광범위한 상승 기류에 동반되어 낮은 구름층에서 형성된다. 구름 방울들의 충돌과 구름 방울 및 빗방울 사이의 충돌은 이런 강우 형성의 중요 과정임이 밝혀졌다. Based on the observations in northern China, the microphysical process of precipitation formation and the role of ice crystal playing in this process for three kinds of typical stratiform clouds are analyzed using rain category model. Results show that for type one, namely stratiform cloud system formed by widespread lifting of a strong frontal surface, the original formation of rainfall depends mainly on vapor deposition and riming process on ice particles from aloft. Ice crystal has a high number concentration in high level of cloud due to the lower temperature and plays a very important role in the formation of precipitation and shows clearly the "seeder-feeder" process in this kind of cloud; For type two, namely stratiform cloud system produced by cyclonic scale convergence which provides liquid water, the primary precipitation is due to the process of ice crystal growing by riming; Type three is the shallow layer cloud system associated with widespread lifting of a weak frontal surface system.

Highly Selective Production of Compound K from Ginsenoside Rd by Hydrolyzing Glucose at C-3 Glycoside Using β-Glucosidase of Bifidobacterium breve ATCC 15700

( Ru Zhang ),( Xue-mei Huang ),( Hui-juan Yan ),( Xin-yi Liu ),( Qi Zhou ),( Zhi-yong Luo ),( Xiao-ning Tan ),( Bian-ling Zhang ) 한국미생물생명공학회(구 한국산업미생물학회) 2019 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.29 No.3

To investigate a novel β-glucosidase from Bifidobacterium breve ATCC 15700 (BbBgl) to produce compound K (CK) via ginsenoside F2 by highly selective and efficient hydrolysis of the C-3 glycoside from ginsenoside Rd, the BbBgl gene was cloned and expressed in E. coli BL21. The recombinant BbBgl was purified by Ni-NTA magnetic beads to obtain an enzyme with specific activity of 37 U/mg protein using pNP-Glc as substrate. The enzyme activity was optimized at pH 5.0, 35°C, 2 or 6 U/ml, and its activity was enhanced by Mn²⁺ significantly. Under the optimal conditions, the half-life of the BbBgl is 180 h, much longer than the characterized β-glycosidases, and the Km and V_max values are 2.7 mM and 39.8 μmol/mg/min for ginsenoside Rd. Moreover, the enzyme exhibits strong tolerance against high substrate concentration (up to 40 g/l ginsenoside Rd) with a molar biotransformation rate of 96% within 12 h. The good enzymatic properties and gram-scale conversion capacity of BbBgl provide an attractive method for large-scale production of rare ginsenoside CK using a single enzyme or a combination of enzymes.

Two New Phenolic Glycosides from Curculigo orchioides

Zuo, Ai-Xue,Shen, Yong,Jiang, Zhi-Yong,Zhang, Xue-Mei,Zhou, Jun,Lu, Jun,Chen, Ji-Jun Korean Chemical Society 2011 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.32 No.3

Two new phenolic glycosides were isolated from the rhizomes of Curculigo orchioides Gaertn.. Based on comprehensive spectroscopic analyses including IR, MS, 1D- and 2D NMR (COSY, HSQC, and HMBC), their structures were elucidated as 3-hydroxyl-5-methyphenol-1-O-[${\beta}$-D-glucopyranosyl-($1{\rightarrow}3$)-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (1) and 1',3'-dimethoxyl-4-hydroxyalangifolioside (2).

Genetic Overlap in the Quantitative Resistance of Rice at the Seedling and Adult Stages to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae

Yong-Li Zhou,Xue-Wen Xie,Mei-Rong Xu,Jin-Ping Zang,Ling-Hua Zhu,Jian-Long Xu,Zhi-Kang Li 한국식물학회 2012 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.55 No.2

The genetic components responsible for the qualitative and quantitative resistance of rice to three Chinese races (C2, C4, and C5) of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo)were investigated at the seedling and adult stages in two successive years in set of Lemont/Teqing cross introgression lines (ILs) in a Teqing background, to create a complete linkage map using 160 well-distributed SSR markers. Teqing was resistant to C2 and C4, but moderately susceptible to C5,whereas Lemont was susceptible to all three races. Highly significant correlations were detected among the resistance to different races at different developmental stages. A major gene (Xa4), 14 main-effect QTLs (M-QTLs), and 18 epistatic QTLs were identified in the two developmental stages over 2 years,and were largely responsible for the segregation of resistance in the ILs. In 2007, the Lemont alleles at all loci in the seedling stage, except QBbr10 to C4, increased lesion length (LL) or decreased resistance. The Teqing allele at the Xa4 locus acted as a resistance gene against C2 and C4, but acted as a M-QTL when its resistance was overcome by the virulent race C5. MQTLs showed a degree of race specificity and had a cumulative effect on resistance. Most M-QTLs (94%) consistently expressed resistance to the same race at the seedling and adult stages, indicating that a high degree of genetic overlap exists between Xoo resistance at both developmental stages in rice. Among the digenic interactions, most co-introgressed Lemont alleles at the two epistatic loci lead to significantly smaller LL with all three races, compared to other types of interacting alleles at both development stages. The results indicate that a high level of resistance may be achieved by the cumulative effect of multiple M-QTLs, including the residual effects of “defeated” major resistance genes and the epistatic effects of co-introgression from diverse susceptible varieties.