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Xylazole inhibits NO-cGMP pathway in fetal rat nerve cells
Xinyu Wang,Yue Wu,Lin Liu,Hui Bai,Zhiheng Zhang,Mingchao Zhao,Tianwen Ma,Xiaopeng Song,Lina Jia,Liangyu Lv,Yue Yu,Xinyu Xu,Hong Chen,Li Gao 대한수의학회 2022 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.23 No.1
Background: Xylazole (Xyl) is a veterinary anesthetic that is structurally and functionally similar to xylazine. However, the effects of Xyl in vitro remain unknown. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the anesthetic mechanism of Xyl using fetal rat nerve cells treated with Xyl. Methods: Fetal rat nerve cells cultured for seven days were treated with 10, 20, 30, and 40 μg/ mL Xyl for 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min. Variations of amino acid neurotransmitters (AANTs), Nitric oxide-Cyclic GMP (NO-cGMP) signaling pathway, and ATPase were evaluated. Results: Xyl decreased the levels of cGMP and NO in nerve cells. Furthermore, Xyl affected the AANT content and Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase activity in nerve cells. These findings suggested that Xyl inhibited the NO-cGMP signaling pathway in nerve cells in vitro. Conclusions: This study provided new evidence that the anesthetic and analgesic effects of Xyl are related to the inhibition of the NO-cGMP signaling pathway.
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Jiao Yifan,Zhang Sihui,Yang Jing,Lai Xin-He,Dong Kui,Cheng Yanpeng,Xu Mingchao,Zhu Wentao,Lu Shan,Jin Dong,Pu Ji,Huang Ying,Liu Liyun,Wang Suping,Xu Jianguo 한국미생물학회 2022 The journal of microbiology Vol.60 No.2
Two facultatively anaerobic, short rod-shaped, non-motile, Gram-stain-positive, unknown bacterial strains (JY-X040T and JY-X174) were isolated from fluvial sediments of Tongtian River in Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai province, China. Cells formed translucent, gray, round and convex colonies, with a diameter of less than 0.5 mm after 5 days of incubation at 30°C on brain heart infusion-5% sheep blood agar. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain JY-X040T and Fudania jinshanensis 313T is 93.87%. In the four phylogenetic trees constructed based on the 16S rRNA gene and 423 core genes, the two isolates form an independent branch, phylogenetically closest to F. jinshanensis 313T, but could not be classified as a member of the genus Fudania or any other genus of the family Arcanobacteriaceae. The DNA G + C content of strain JY-X040T was 57.8%. Calculation results of average nucleotide identity, digital DNADNA hybridization value and amino acid identity between strain JY-X040T and F. jinshanensis 313T are 69.9%, 22.9%, and 64.1%. The major cellular fatty acids were C16:0 (23%) and C18:1ω9c (22%). The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A5α (L-Lys-L-Ala-L-Lys-D-Glu). The polar lipids comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside and four unidentified components. The whole-cell sugars contained rhamnose and ribose. MK-10(H4) was the sole respiratory quinone. The minimum inhibitory concentration of streptomycin was 32 μg/ml. All physiological, biochemical, chemotaxonomic and genomic characteristics support that strains JY-X040T and JY-X174 represent members of a novel species in a new genus, Changpingibacter yushuensis gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain is JY-X040T (GDMCC 1.1996T = KCTC 49514T).
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