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Resolution of Racemic Ketoprofen in Organic Solvents by Lipase from Burkholderia cepacia G63
Xiang-lin Zhang,Tao Liu,Li Xu,Xiaohua Gui,Feng Su,Yunjun Yan 한국생물공학회 2012 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.17 No.6
A lipase from the Burkholderia cepacia strain G63 immobilized on resin was used for the resolution of ketoprofen. To study its catalytic properties in enantioselective esterication, different alcohols and solvents were tested to select the most suitable acyl acceptor and reaction medium. Compared with the low activity of the free lipase, the enzyme activity and E value of the immobilized lipase were significantly enhanced. The enantioselectivity of the immobilized lipase could also be markedly improved by adding a small amount of 18-crown-6. RSM was employed to optimize the reaction parameters. The optimal reaction conditions were: reaction time 22.50 h, additives dosage 0.4322 g (0.33 mmol/mL), and substrate molar ratio 54.11:1. Under optimal conditions, the maximal E value was up to 10.01, which exhibited a better enantioselectivity than some commercial lipases, such as Novozym 435,Lipozyme RM IM and LipozymeTL IM.
Lin Wang,Jingjing Miao,Huageng Huang,Boyu Chen,Xiao Xiao,Manyi Zhu,Yingshan Liang,Weiwei Xiao,Shaomin Huang,Yinglin Peng,Xiaowu Deng,Xing Lv,Weixiong Xia,Yanqun Xiang,Xiang Guo,Fei Han,Chong Zhao 대한암학회 2022 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.54 No.1
Purpose This study was aimed to investigate long-term survivals and toxicities of early-stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in endemic area, evaluating the role of chemotherapy in stage II patients. Materials and Methods Totally 187 patients with newly diagnosed NPC and restaged American Joint Committee on Cancer/ International Union Against Cancer 8th T1-2N0-1M0 were retrospectively recruited. All received intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT)±chemotherapy (CT) from 2001 to 2010. Results With 15.7-year median follow-up, 10-year locoregional recurrence-free survival, distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), disease-specific survival (DSS), and overall survival (OS) were 93.3%, 93.5%, 92.9% and 88.2%, respectively. Multivariable analyses showed cervical lymph nodes positive and pre-treatment prognostic nutritional index ≥ 52.0 could independently predict DMFS (p=0.036 and p=0.011), DSS (p=0.014 and p=0.026), and OS (p=0.002 and p < 0.001); Charlson comorbidity index < 3 points could predict DSS (p=0.011); age > 45 years (p=0.002) and pre-treatment lactate dehydrogenase ≥ 240 U/L (p < 0.001) predicted OS. No grade 4 late toxicity happened; grade 3 late toxicities included subcutaneous fibrosis (4.3%), deafness or otitis (4.8%), skin dystrophy (2.1%), and xerostomia (1.1%). No differences on survivals were shown between IMRT+CT vs. IMRT alone in stage II patients, even in T2N1M0 (p > 0.05). Unsurprising, patients in IMRT+CT had more acute gastrointestinal reaction, myelosuppression, mucositis, late ear toxicity, and cranial nerve injury (all p < 0.05) than IMRT alone group. Conclusion Superior tumor control and satisfying long-term outcomes could be achieved with IMRT in early-stage NPC with mild late toxicities. As CT would bring more toxicities, it should be carefully performed to stage II patients.
Susceptibility Genes for Multiple Sclerosis Identifed in a Gene-Based Genome-Wide Association Study
Xiang Lin,Fei-Yan Deng,Xin Lu,Shu-Feng Lei 대한신경과학회 2015 Journal of Clinical Neurology Vol.11 No.4
Background and Purpose Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating and infammatory disease of the central nervous system. Te aim of this study was to identify more genes associated with MS. Methods Based on the publicly available data of the single-nucleotide polymorphism-based genome-wide association study (GWAS) from the database of Genotypes and Phenotypes, we conducted a powerful gene-based GWAS in an initial sample with 931 family trios, and a replication study sample with 978 cases and 883 controls. For interesting genes, gene expression in MS-related cells between MS cases and controls was examined by using publicly available datasets. Results A total of 58 genes was identifed, including 20 “novel” genes signifcantly associated with MS (p<1.40×10-4). In the replication study, 44 of the 58 identifed genes had been genotyped and 35 replicated the association. In the gene-expression study, 21 of the 58 identifed genes exhibited diferential expressions in MS-related cells. Tus, 15 novel genes were supported by replicated association and/or diferential expression. In particular, four of the novel genes, those encoding myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), coiled-coil alpha-helical rod protein 1 (CCHCR1), human leukocyte antigen complex group 22 (HCG22), and major histocompatibility complex, class II, DM alpha (HLA-DMA), were supported by the evidence of both. Conclusion zTe results of this study emphasize the high power of gene-based GWAS in detecting the susceptibility genes of MS. Te novel genes identifed herein may provide new insights into the molecular genetic mechanisms underlying MS.
Comparison of Two Feather-Degrading Bacillus Licheniformis Strains
Lin, Xiang,Lee, Soo-Won,Bae, Hee Dong,Shelford, Jim A.,Cheng, Kuo-Joan Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2001 Animal Bioscience Vol.14 No.12
Bacillus licheniformis strains L-25 and PWD-1 are two thermophilic feather-degrading bacteria. Despite isolated from different environmental conditions, they were both capable of breaking down chicken feathers and growing in a medium in which feather was the only source of carbon and nitrogen. A 1.46-kb keratinase gene (ker B) was isolated from strain L-25 by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using L-25 genomic DNA as templates. Sequencing results reveal that ker B shares great sequence identity with a previously published keratinase gene of B. licheniformis PWD-1 (ker A). Only two amino acids differences were found in the deduced amino acid sequence between the keratinases from L-25 and PWD-1. However several nucleotide changes were found upstream of the putative promoter region. Protease inhibition studies indicated that neutral protease activity accounted for approximate 25 to 30% of total extracellular proteolytic activity produced by strain L-25 in the feather medium. In contrast, no measurable neutral protease activity was produced by strain PWD-1 in the feather medium. When glucose (1%), a common catabolic repressor, was added into the feather medium, L-25 was still able to grow and produce keratinase. Strain PWD-1 produced no neutral protease activity and its growth was severely inhibited in the feather medium containing glucose. L-25 produced an enhanced level of keratinase in the feather medium in comparison with PWD-1.
Can NGOs Be Efficient for Public Governance?
Xiang Lin Xu 이화여자대학교 이화사회과학원 2008 사회과학연구논총 Vol.19 No.-
비 정부기구 옹호자들은 정부의 실패와 시장의 실패를 구하는 것에서의 비 정부기구의 역할을 강조할 때, 대개 두 가지 오해에 맞닥뜨리게 된다. 이는 비 정부기구의 정치적 성격의 배제, 다른 하나는, 비 정부기구 조직상 효율성의 과대평가이다. 현실적인 관점에서 이 논문은 비 정부기구의 정치적 기능과 효과를 설명한다. 그리고 여기서 비 정부기구의 정치적 기능과 효과는 상대적인 자치권과 특정한 사회적 기반을 가진 민간 기관, 그리고 비 정부기구의 조직상 효율성의 결여라고 정의된다. 이 논문은 비 정부기구의 정치적 성격과 잠재적인 효율성의 부족뿐만 아니라, 정부와 비정부기구사이의 복잡한 관계를 유기적으로 구성하고 있는, 다시 말해 중국 내의 비 정부기구 발전의 여지를 굉장히 제한하고 있는 정부와 시장의 실패에 대한 개선책 또한 다루고 있다 Optimists on nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) more or less run into two misconceptions when emphasizing NGO`s role in rescuing both the government failure and the market failure. One misconception is the neglect of NGO`s political character, and the other is the over-estimation of NGO`s organizational efficiency. In a realistic perspective, this paper tends to explain the political function and effect of NGOs, which are defined here as civil organizations with relative autonomy and certain social basis, and NGO`s potential lack of organizational efficiency. The paper argues that NGO`s political character, potential lack of efficiency as well as its remediation to the failures of government and market, jointly constitutes the complicated relationship between NGOs and the government, which in turn greatly limits the room of the development of NGOs in China.
Dynamic Coalition Formation Based on Multi-sided Negotiation
Lin Xiang,Haijun Tao 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Database Theory and Appli Vol.8 No.1
The coalition formation is an important aspect of multi-agent negotiation and cooperation. Based on the Bilateral Shapley-Value, a multi-sided eigenvalue is presented by using the reference of n-person stochastic cooperative game. It is obvious when multi-sided eigenvalue have superadditivity, rational agents will combine to one coalition. A dynamic coalition formation algorithm is constructed based on the eigenvalue. Procedures of multi-sided negotiation, agent’s negotiation and coalition condensing are introduced in detail. In the end, the complexity, validity, coalition stability and parameter’s function of the algorithm is given. According to these, the correctness of the algorithm is proven.