Basis of Miscoding of the DNA Adduct <i>N</i>²,3-Ethenoguanine by Human Y-family DNA Polymerases

Zhao, Linlin,Pence, Matthew G.,Christov, Plamen P.,Wawrzak, Zdzislaw,Choi, Jeong-Yun,Rizzo, Carmelo J.,Egli, Martin,Guengerich, F. Peter American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Bi 2012 The Journal of biological chemistry Vol.287 No.42

<P><I>N</I><SUP>2</SUP>,3-Ethenoguanine (<I>N</I><SUP>2</SUP>,3-ϵG) is one of the exocyclic DNA adducts produced by endogenous processes (<I>e.g.</I> lipid peroxidation) and exposure to bioactivated vinyl monomers such as vinyl chloride, which is a known human carcinogen. Existing studies exploring the miscoding potential of this lesion are quite indirect because of the lability of the glycosidic bond. We utilized a 2′-fluoro isostere approach to stabilize this lesion and synthesized oligonucleotides containing 2′-fluoro-<I>N</I><SUP>2</SUP>,3-ϵ-2′-deoxyarabinoguanosine to investigate the miscoding potential of <I>N</I><SUP>2</SUP>,3-ϵG by Y-family human DNA polymerases (pols). In primer extension assays, pol η and pol κ replicated through <I>N</I><SUP>2</SUP>,3-ϵG, whereas pol ι and REV1 yielded only 1-base incorporation. Steady-state kinetics revealed that dCTP incorporation is preferred opposite <I>N</I><SUP>2</SUP>,3-ϵG with relative efficiencies in the order of pol κ > REV1 > pol η ≈ pol ι, and dTTP misincorporation is the major miscoding event by all four Y-family human DNA pols. Pol ι had the highest dTTP misincorporation frequency (0.71) followed by pol η (0.63). REV1 misincorporated dTTP and dGTP with much lower frequencies. Crystal structures of pol ι with <I>N</I><SUP>2</SUP>,3-ϵG paired to dCTP and dTTP revealed Hoogsteen-like base pairing mechanisms. Two hydrogen bonds were observed in the <I>N</I><SUP>2</SUP>,3-ϵG:dCTP base pair, whereas only one appears to be present in the case of the <I>N</I><SUP>2</SUP>,3-ϵG:dTTP pair. Base pairing mechanisms derived from the crystal structures explain the slightly favored dCTP insertion for pol ι in steady-state kinetic analysis. Taken together, these results provide a basis for the mutagenic potential of <I>N</I><SUP>2</SUP>,3-ϵG.</P>

IMTAR: Incremental Mining of General Temporal Association Rules

( Anour F. A. Dafa-Alla ),( Ho Sun Shon ),( Khalid E. K. Saeed ),( Ming Hao Piao ),( Un Il Yun ),( Kyung Joo Cheoi ),( Keun Ho Ryu ) 한국정보처리학회 2010 Journal of information processing systems Vol.6 No.2

영상기반 시설물 점검 기술

우병준 ( Woo Byung-jun ),안윤규 ( An Yun-kyu ),이종재 ( Jong Jae Lee ) 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 2020 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.24 No.2

시설물 안전점검 및 유지관리의 과업 중 정기안전점검은 경험과 기술을 갖춘 사람에 의한 세심한 외관조사 수준의 점검으로서 시설물의 기능적 상태를 판단하고 시설물이 현재의 사용요건을 계속 만족시키고 있는지 확인하기 위한 관찰로 이루어진다. 최근 카메라 성능의 급격한 발전과 더불어 기기 조작의 편리함, 원격 정보 취득, 경제성 등의 이점을 가진 영상 기반 시설물 점검 관련 연구들이 널리 수행되고 있다. 이에 따라 고성능 비전 카메라를 활용한 시설물 안전점검에 활용한 연구들이 제안되고 있다.

TIDAL DWARF GALAXIES AROUND A POST-MERGER GALAXY, NGC 4922

Sheen, Yun-Kyeong,Jeong, Hyunjin,Yi, Sukyoung K.,Ferreras, Ignacio,Lotz, Jennifer M.,Olsen, Knut A. G.,Dickinson, Mark,Barnes, Sydney,Park, Jang-Hyun,Ree, Chang H.,Madore, Barry F.,Barlow, Tom A.,Conr American Institute of Physics 2009 The Astronomical journal Vol.138 No.6

<P>One possible channel for the formation of dwarf galaxies involves birth in the tidal tails of interacting galaxies. We report the detection of a bright UV tidal tail and several young tidal dwarf galaxy (TDG) candidates in the post-merger galaxy NGC 4922 in the Coma cluster. Based on a two-component population model (combining young and old stellar populations), we find that the light of tidal tail predominantly comes from young stars (a few Myr old). The Galaxy Evolution Explorer ultraviolet data played a critical role in the parameter (age and mass) estimation. Our stellar mass estimates of the TDG candidates are ~10<SUP>6–7</SUP> M<SUB>☉</SUB>, typical for dwarf galaxies.</P>

Effect of Nipple Angle on Water Disappearance by Pigs

Yun, M.S.,Ju, W.S.,Piao, L.G.,Long, H.F.,Kil, D.Y.,Oh, H.K.,Kim, Y.Y. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2008 Animal Bioscience Vol.21 No.1

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of different nipple angles on water disappearance in growing pigs, which is defined as the water which leaves the watering device but is not consumed by the pig. This water adds to the volume of the total waste slurry. Four crossbred pigs averaging $70.0{\pm}1.4$ kg were assigned into 1 of 4 treatments using a $4{\times}4$ Latin-square design. Treatments were distinguished by the angle between nipple terminal and the perpendicular wall. These angles were: 1) NA-30 (= Nipple Angle $30^{\circ}$), 2) NA-45 (= Nipple Angle $45^{\circ}$), 3) NA-60 (= Nipple Angle $60^{\circ}$) and 4) NA-90 (= Nipple Angle $90^{\circ}$). All of the nipples were fixed at shoulder height of each pig. After a 7-day adaptation period, samples were collected from each pig for 4 days, followed by a day for change-over. Pigs were fed a 0.8 kg diet twice daily at 08:00 and 20:00 and supplied water ad libitum. Throughout the experimental period, pigs in the NA-30 treatment group showed greater water disappearance than other treatments. Water disappearance was the lowest for the NA-60 treatment group (p<0.01). The percentage of water disappearance to the water supply was significantly reduced in the NA-60 treatment group (p<0.01). Water intake was the same for all the treatment groups. The rate of water disappearance per unit of water intake was significantly decreased in pigs in the NA-60 treatment group compared to other groups (p<0.01). These results suggested that the nipple angle for growing pigs should be $60^{\circ}$ to reduce water disappearance and, subsequently, the amount of waste generated.

Differential regulation of Akt/protein kinase B isoforms during cell cycle progression

Yun, S.J.,Tucker, D.F.,Kim, E.K.,Kim, M.S.,Do, K.H.,Ha, J.M.,Lee, S.Y.,Yun, J.,Kim, C.D.,Birnbaum, M.J.,Bae, S.S. North-Holland Pub ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2009 FEBS letters Vol.583 No.4

Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathways play key regulatory roles in cell cycle progression into S phase. In this study, we demonstrated that Akt1/PKBα isoform plays an essential role in G<SUB>1</SUB>/S transition and proliferation. Cells lacking Akt1/PKBα showed an attenuated proliferation as well as G<SUB>1</SUB>/S transition, whereas cells lacking Akt2/PKBβ showed normal proliferation and G<SUB>1</SUB>/S transition. The effect of Akt1/PKBα on cell proliferation and G<SUB>1</SUB>/S transition was completely abolished by swapping pleckstrin homology (PH) domain with that of Akt2/PKBβ. Finally, full activation of Akt/PKB and cyclin D expression was achieved by the Akt1/PKBα or chimeric proteins containing the PH domain of Akt1/PKBα indicating that the PH domain of Akt1/PKBα provides full kinase activity and is necessary for the G<SUB>1</SUB>/S transition.

OH Emission toward Embedded YSOs

Hyeong-Sik Yun,Jeong-Eun Lee,Hyerin Je,Seokho Lee,Evans, Neal J., II,Wampfler, S. F.,DIGIT team 한국천문학회 2013 天文學會報 Vol.38 No.2

Effects of Different Products and Levels of Selenium on Growth, Nutrient Digestibility and Selenium Retention of Growing-finishing Pigs

Tian, J.Z.,Yun, M.S.,Kong, C.S.,Piao, L.G.,Long, H.F.,Kim, J.H.,Lee, J.H.,Lim, J.S.,Kim, C.H.,Kim, Y.Y.,Han, In K. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2006 Animal Bioscience Vol.19 No.1

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different selenium (Se) products (inorganic, organic A, organic B) added at two supplemental dietary Se levels (0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and Se retention in growing-finishing pigs. A $3{\times}2$ factorial arrangement of treatments was used in a RCB design, with a non-Se-fortified basal diet serving as the negative control. A total of 56 crossbred pigs (28 male and 28 female pigs) initially weighing an average $28.45{\pm}0.53kg$ BW were allotted to each treatment with four pigs per pen on the basis of sex and weight. Two pigs per pen were selected and bled from the anterior vena cava at 3- weekly intervals to analyze Se concentration. In the growing phase (0-6 weeks), increased ADFI was observed when pigs were fed organic Se compared to those fed the control diet or inorganic Se treatment (p<0.05). Pigs fed inorganic Se had a great ADFI than pigs fed organic Se (p<0.05) in the late finishing phase (7-12 weeks), although there were no differences in whole period ADFI between organic or inorganic Se products. During 12 weeks of the whole experimental period, serum Se concentration increased linearly when dietary Se level increased regardless of Se products (p<0.05). Both dietary Se source (p<0.05) and Se level (p<0.01) influenced the Se concentration of various pig tissues at end of this experiment and Se content was the highest in the kidney. For the determination of nutrient digestibility, a metabolic trial was conducted in 3 replicates in randomized complete block (RCB) design. A total of 21 barrows ($50.21{\pm}0.62kg$ of average BW) were used in the metabolic study. Selenium supplementation had no effect on nutrient digestibility except for crude protein. Crude protein digestibility increased with dietary supplementation of organic Se (A) compared with other forms of Se products or control diet (p<0.05). Consequently, this experiment indicated that dietary Se products and levels had no effect on growth performance of pigs. Se concentration in tissues and serum was increased in proportion to dietary Se level, especially when organic Se was provided. Although pigs were fed organic forms of Se, bioavailability of organic forms varied among products, consequently bioactivity of organic products to the animals should be evaluated before practical application in animal feed.

Heme–thiolate sulfenylation of human cytochrome P450 4A11 functions as a redox switch for catalytic inhibition

Albertolle, Matthew E.,Kim, Donghak,Nagy, Leslie D.,Yun, Chul-Ho,Pozzi, Ambra,Savas, Uzen,Johnson, Eric F.,Guengerich, F. Peter American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Bi 2017 The Journal of biological chemistry Vol.292 No.27

<P>Cytochrome P450 (P450, CYP) 4A11 is a human fatty acid omega-hydroxylase that catalyzes the oxidation of arachidonic acid to the eicosanoid 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE), which plays important roles in regulating blood pressure regulation. Variants of P450 4A11 have been associated with high blood pressure and resistance to anti-hypertensive drugs, and 20-HETE has both pro-and antihypertensive properties relating to increased vasoconstriction and natriuresis, respectively. These physiological activities are likely influenced by the redox environment, but the mechanisms are unclear. Here, we found that reducing agents (e. g. dithiothreitol and tris(2-carboxyethyl) phosphine) strongly enhanced the catalytic activity of P450 4A11, but not of 10 other human P450s tested. Conversely, added H2O2 attenuated P450 4A11 catalytic activity. Catalytic roles of five of the potentially eight implicated Cys residues of P450 4A11 were eliminated by site-directed mutagenesis. Using an isotope-coded dimedone/iododimedone-labeling strategy and mass spectrometry of peptides, we demonstrated that the heme-thiolate cysteine (Cys-457) is selectively sulfenylated in an H2O2 concentration-dependent manner. This sulfenylation could be reversed by reducing agents, including dithiothreitol and dithionite. Of note, we observed heme ligand cysteine sulfenylation of P450 4A11 ex vivo in kidneys and livers derived from CYP4A11 transgenic mice. We also detected sulfenylation of murine P450 4a12 and 4b1 heme peptides in kidneys. To our knowledge, reversible oxidation of the heme thiolate has not previously been observed in P450s and may have relevance for 20-HETE-mediated functions.</P>

Effects of Dietary Selenium Supplementation on Growth Performance, Selenium Retention in Tissues and Nutrient Digestibility in Growing-finishing Pigs

Tian, J.Z.,Yun, M.S.,Ju, W.S.,Long, H.F.,Kim, J.H.,Kil, D.Y.,Chang, J.S.,Cho, S.B.,Kim, Y.Y.,Han, In K. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2006 Animal Bioscience Vol.19 No.1

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of selenium (Se) sources and levels on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and Se retention in growing-finishing pigs. A total of 56 crossbred pigs ([$Landrace{\times}Yorkshire$]${\times}$Large White) with average $28.5{\pm}0.2kg$ BW were allotted to 7 treatments on the basis of sex and weight in two replicates and four pigs per pen. A $2{\times}3$ factorial arrangement of treatments was used in a randomized complete block (RCB) design. Two sources of Se (selenite Se or Se-enriched yeast) were added at 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 mg/kg to each treatment diet. A basal diet without Se supplementation was the seventh treatment group. Three pigs per treatment were randomly selected and samples of loin, liver, pancreas and a kidney were collected, frozen and later analyzed for Se. The digestibility trial was conducted to evaluate the apparent absorption and retention of Se and availability of other nutrients. Growth performance was not affected by dietary sources and levels of Se. No growth retardation was observed in the 0.5 mg/kg dietary Se treatment group regardless of Se sources. The Se concentration of serum in Se supplemented groups was increased compared with the control group (p<0.01). During the growing and finishing phase, Se in serum was clearly increased when organic Se was provided (p<0.01). Interaction of Se source ${\times}$ Se level was observed in Se concentration of loin, liver and pancreas of the pigs at the end of experiment. Selenium retention in the liver, kidney, pancreas and loin of pigs was increased as dietary Se level increased and was higher when pigs were fed organic Se resulting in an interaction response (p<0.01). Nutrient digestibilities were not affected by dietary Se sources or levels. No dietary Se source ${\times}$ Se level interaction was observed in nutrient digestibility. The results from this experiment indicated that dietary Se sources and levels affected the distribution of Se in the body of growing-finishing pigs. Organic source of Se, such as Se-enriched yeast resulted in higher serum and tissue Se concentration compared to inorganic form, while no beneficial effects on nutrient digestibility were observed from dietary Se supplementation in growing-finishing pigs.