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Kim, Jeong Lan,Park, Joon Hyuk,Kim, Bong Jo,Kim, Moon Doo,Kim, Shin-Kyum,Chi, Yeon Kyung,Kim, Tae Hui,Moon, Seok Woo,Park, Moon Ho,Bae, Jae Nam,Woo, Jong Inn,Ryu, Seung-Ho,Yoon, Jong Chul,Lee, Nam-Jin Cambridge University Press 2012 INTERNATIONAL PSYCHOGERIATRICS - Vol.24 No.4
<B>ABSTRACT</B><P>Background: The influences of demographics, culture, language, and environmental changes on Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores are considerable.</P><P>Methods: Using a sample of 7452 healthy, community-dwelling elderly Koreans, aged 55 to 94 years, who participated in the four ongoing geriatric cohorts in Korea, we investigated demographic influences on MMSE scores and derived normative data for this population. Geropsychiatrists strictly excluded subjects with cognitive disorders according to the protocol of the Korean version of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Packet (CERAD-K) Clinical Assessment Battery (CERAD-K-C).</P><P>Results: Education (standardized <I>β</I> = 0.463), age (standardized <I>β</I> = −0.303), and gender (standardized <I>β</I> = −0.057) had significant effects on MMSE scores (p < 0.001). The score of MMSE increase 0.379 point per 1-year education, decrease 0.188 per 1-year older, and decrease 0.491 in women compared to men. Education explained 30.4% of the scores’ total variance, which was much larger than the variances explained by age (8.4%) or gender (0.3%). Accordingly, we present normative data for the MMSE stratified by education (0, 1-3, 4-6, 7-9, 10-12, and ≥ 13 years), age (60-69, 70-79, and 80-89 years), and gender.</P><P>Conclusions: We provide contemporary education-, age-, and gender-stratified norms for the MMSE, derived from a large, community-dwelling elderly Korean population sample, which could be useful in evaluating individual MMSE scores.</P>
Kim, Woo Kyum,Wu, Chaoxing,Lee, Dea Uk,Kim, Hyoun Woo,Kim, Tae Whan Elsevier 2018 APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE - Vol.429 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Current-voltage (I–V) curves for the Al/polymer (9-vinylcarbazole) (PVK)/graphene oxide (GO):mica/PVK/indium-tin oxide (ITO) devices at 300K showed a current bistability with a maximum high conductivity (ON)/low conductivity (OFF) ratio of 2×10<SUP>4</SUP>, which was approximately 10 times larger than that of the device without a PVK layer. The endurance number of ON/OFF switchings for the Al/PVK/GO:mica/PVK/ITO device was 1×10<SUP>2</SUP> cycles, which was 20 times larger than that for the Al/GO:mica/ITO device. The “erase” voltages were distributed between 2.3 and 3V, and the “write” voltages were distributed between −1.2 and −0.5V. The retention time for the Al/PVK/GO:mica/PVK/ITO device was above 1×10<SUP>4</SUP> s, indicative of the memory stability of the device. The carrier transport mechanisms occurring in the Al/PVK/GO:mica/PVK/ITO and the Al/GO:mica/ITO devices are described on the basis of the I–V results and the energy band diagrams.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Organic bistable devices based on graphene oxide (GO):mica nanocomposites embedded in polymer (9-vinylcarbazole) (PVK) layers were fabricated. </LI> <LI> Maximum ON/OFF ratio of the current bistability for the devices with PVK buffers was 2×10<SUP>4</SUP>. </LI> <LI> Endurance number of ON/OFF switchings was more than dozens of cycles. </LI> <LI> The “erase” voltages were distributed between 2.3 and 3V, and the “write” voltages were distributed between −1.2 and −0.5V. </LI> <LI> Retention time for the device was above 1.2×10<SUP>4</SUP> s, indicative of the memory stability of the device. </LI> </UL> </P>
A Study on the Environmental Court of India and Korea's Environmental Dispute Resolution System
Kim, Jong Woo,Kim, Sang Kyum 동국대학교 비교법문화연구원 2020 DONGGUK LAW REVIEW Vol.14 No.-
The Paris Agreement, which urges countries around the world to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and participate in climate change, has begun, and various policies are being implemented to solve environmental problems around the world. India has implemented several environmental policies early on to solve the environmental pollution problem. The National Green Tribunal, also known as the Environmental Court, is one of them. However, the environmental courts in India have less authority than the environmental courts in the West, which have been concerned about environmental conservation for a long time, because tourism based on environmental resources and natural scenery are major national resources such as New Zealand, England, and Austria. In Korea, the Environmental Dispute Mediation Committee is being operated as an environmental dispute mediation system, but it is difficult to prepare for environmental problems that are gradually increasing in size and complexity. In this case, I think that the environmental court of India can be considered as a model that can improve the realistic environmental solution for Korea compared to the environmental courts of the western world. Also, when thinking a little later, it would be a good way to introduce an environmental court as an opportunity to strengthen the method of resolving environmental disputes.
History, Classes and Mechanism of MonocIonal Antibodies as Cancer Therapeutics
Woo-Hyuck Choi and Sang Kyum Kim 충남대학교 약학대학 의약품개발연구소 2017 藥學論文集 Vol.32 No.-
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for use as therapeutics for various diseases, especially cancer, have been extensively investigated and developed in recent decades. Since the first appearance of murine mAbs which are of fulIy murine structure, several antibody formats such as chimeric, humanized, and ones comprising fully human structure have been presented consecutively. These advances were mainly stemmed from the efforts to mitigate the immunogenic potential of this category of drug. Owing to their long half-life and versatility in ef-fecter functions, IgG1 is most frequently selected for the backbone of therapeutic mAbs. Among the various ef-feclor functions by which IgG exert their designated role as therapeutics, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity is commonly utilized to take care of tumorigenesis by virtue of its effectiveness in killing cancer cells‘ Recently, approaches to strengthen power of native rnAbs have been developed, which include conjugation of antibody with various effector molecules and antibodies armed with moieties targeting more than one epitopes. Several mole-cules specifically overexpressed in tumorigenic state, such as ErbB family proteins, VEGF, cytotoxic T Iympho-cyte-associated antigen 4, CD20, have been targeted by various successful therapeutic rnAbs. While mAbs have lots of advantages compared to small molecules as therapeutics, they are readily immunogenic which lead them to lose activity or induce hypersensitivity reactions. With several novel formats or modifications other than original immunoglobulin structure, mAbs are still evolving and expanding their roles as anti-cancer therapeutics
Flexible Memristive Devices Based on InP/ZnSe/ZnS Core-Multishell Quantum Dot Nanocomposites
Kim, Do Hyeong,Wu, Chaoxing,Park, Dong Hyun,Kim, Woo Kyum,Seo, Hae Woon,Kim, Sang Wook,Kim, Tae Whan American Chemical Society 2018 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.10 No.17
<P>The effects of the ZnS shell layer on the memory performances of flexible memristive devices based on quantum dots (QDs) with an InP/ZnSe/ZnS core-multishell structure embedded in a poly(methylmethacrylate) layer were investigated. The on/off ratios of the devices based on QDs with an InP/ZnSe core-shell structure and with an InP/ZnSe/ZnS core-multishell structure were approximately 4.2 × 10<SUP>2</SUP> and 8.5 × 10<SUP>3</SUP>, respectively, indicative of enhanced charge storage capability in the latter. After bending, the memory characteristics of the memristive devices based on QDs with the InP/ZnSe/ZnS structure were similar to those before bending. In addition, those devices maintained the same on/off ratios for retention time of 1 × 10<SUP>4</SUP> s, and the number of endurance cycles was above 1 × 10<SUP>2</SUP>. The reset voltages ranged from −2.3 to −3.1 V, and the set voltages ranged from 1.3 to 2.1 V, indicative of reliable electrical characteristics. Furthermore, the possible operating mechanisms of the devices are presented on the basis of the electron trapping and release mode.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>
Kim, Jung Woo,Lim, Sung Chul,Lee, Moo Yeol,Lee, Jeong Woon,Oh, Won Keun,Kim, Sang Kyum,Kang, Keon Wook WILEY-VCH Verlag 2010 Molecular Nutrition & Food Research Vol.54 No.10
<P>Neointima, defined as abnormal growth of the intimal layer of blood vessels, is believed to be a critical event in the development of vascular occlusive disease. Although resveratrol's inhibitory effects on proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells has been reported, its activity on neointimal formation is still unclear. Oral administration of trans-resveratrol significantly suppressed intimal hyperplasia in a wire-injured femoral artery mouse model. In cultured vascular smooth muscle cells, trans-resveratrol inhibited platelet-derived growth factor-stimulated DNA synthesis and cell proliferation with down-regulation of cyclin D and pRB. Moreover, platelet-derived growth factor-induced production of reactive oxygen species was inhibited by trans-resveratrol and the compound induced heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). The anti-proliferative activity of trans-resveratrol was reversed by an HO-1 inhibitor, ZnPPIX. Subcellular fractionation and reporter gene analyses revealed that trans-resveratrol increased the level of nuclear Nrf2 and antioxidant response element reporter activity, and that these were essential for the induction of HO-1. Trans-resveratrol also enhanced the activities of phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase and extracellular signal regulated kinase, and phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase was required for Nrf2/antioxidant response element-dependent HO-1 induction. These data have significant implications for the elucidation of the pharmacological mechanism by which trans-resveratrol prevents vascular occlusive diseases.</P>
Kim, Jee Hung,Park, Hyung Soon,Heo, Su Jin,Kim, Sang Kyum,Han, Jung Woo,Shin, Kyoo-Ho,Kim, Seung Hyun,Hur, Hyuk,Kim, Kyung Sik,Choi, Young Deuk,Kim, Sunghoon,Lee, Young Han,Suh, Jin-Suck,Ahn, Joong-Ba S. Karger AG 2019 Oncology Vol.96 No.2
<P><B><I>Background:</I></B> We retrospectively investigated the treatment outcomes of second-line treatment with pazopanib or gemcitabine/docetaxel in patients with advanced soft tissue sarcoma (STS). <B><I>Methods:</I></B> Ninety-one patients who were treated with pazopanib or gemcitabine/docetaxel for advanced STS between 1995 and 2015 were analyzed. <B><I>Results:</I></B> Forty-six and 45 patients received pazopanib and gemcitabine/docetaxel, respectively. The median progression-free survival for the group treated with pazopanib was 4.5 months compared with 3.0 months for the gemcitabine/docetaxel group (<I>p</I> = 0.593). The median overall survival for the group treated with pazopanib was 12.6 months compared with 14.2 months for the gemcitabine/docetaxel group (<I>p</I> = 0.362). The overall response rates (ORRs) were 6.5 and 26.7% in the pazopanib and gemcitabine/docetaxel groups, respectively. The following parameters had ORRs favoring gemcitabine/docetaxel: age ≥50 years (31.6 vs. 2.9%, <I>p</I> = 0.006), histologic grade 1–2 (40.9 vs. 0%, <I>p</I> = 0.001), and poor first-line treatment response (23.3 vs. 3.0%, <I>p</I> = 0.022). Gemcitabine/docetaxel was associated with better ORRs for the following histologic subtypes: leiomyosarcoma (<I>p</I> = 0.624), malignant fibrous histiocytoma/undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (<I>p</I> = 0.055), and angiosarcoma (<I>p</I> = 0.182). However, the ORR of synovial sarcoma favored pazopanib (<I>p</I> = 0.99). <B><I>Conclusions:</I></B> The efficacies of pazopanib and gemcitabine/docetaxel as second-line treatments after doxorubicin or ifosfamide failure differed among clinical and histologic subgroups and appeared to facilitate a more personalized treatment approach for advanced STS.</P>