L2 학습자를 위한 언어 학습 컴퓨터 게임 디자인: 서사, 인물, 그리고 과제를 중심으로

존 클레이튼 휘틀(John Clayton Whittle),한도인(Doin Han) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2017 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.17 No.5

언어 학습 도구로서 디지털 게임의 활용은 그 영역이 점차 확대되고 있는 분야이다. 수요자 중심의 교육 경향을 반영하는 학습 도구로서의 디지털 게임 활용이 독립적인 분야로 발전해가는 현 시점이야 말로 언어 교육자나 연구자들이 학습자의 능력을 식별할 수 있는 연습과정과 심화 학습, 그리고 관련 교육 환경을 아우르는 디지털 게임 디자인 개발에 대한 연구를 시작해야 하는 시기이다. 본 연구는 언어 교육자와 연구자들에게 (a) 연구 배경 으로써 교육자와 연구자의 수준별 요구에 적합한 디지털 학습 자료를 개발을 가능하게 해준 최근의 (애호자 중심)게임 디자인의 기술의 발전 과정을 요약하고, (b) 디지털 게임 제작을 위한 기반 논리를 개발하여 그에 대한 세부 설명을 제공하고 수요자 맞춤형 게임 (CDGs)의 원리를 밝힌다. 이 때, 디지털 게임이라는 매체가 현재와 같이 대중적인 인기를 확보하게 해온 게임 디자인의 원칙을 침해하지 않는 선에서 교습자가 공통적으로 사용하는 기본적인 언어 교육 기술을 사용함으로서 수요자 맞춤형이라는 원리를 보존하는 것이 가장 중요하다. 그 다음 (c) 이러한 원리의 실례를 제시하고자 한다. 현재의 디지털 게임 디자인은 기술적 측면과 디자인 프로세스의 한계로 인해 주로 기존의 상업용 게임을 사용하여 개발하였으나 언어 교육 자료로써 이 CDGs은 많은 잠재적 활용 가능성이 있다. 본 연구에서 제시한 수요자 맞춤형 게임 디자인은 이론적 배경을 토대로 실행의 용이함, 그리고 다양한 환경에의 적용 가능성으로 인해 개별 연구자(교수자)들이 자신만의 고유한 접근방식을 발전시킬 수 있는 훌륭한 기반이 될 수 있을 것이다. The use of digital games as language learning tools is a growing field. In order to move forward as an independent field, educators and researchers must begin the process of developing these approaches. This paper is designed to provide a brief overview of recent technological developments allowing amateur game development, and also to provide a principled approach to the development and implementation of simple Custom Designed Games(CDGs) for language education, and finally to provide real world examples of these principles in practice. The use of CDGs as a language teaching material has a higher potential, and this approach s theoretically grounded approach, simplicity, and applicability will help to serve as a basis on which individual academics can advance their own unique approaches.

Small jets in radio‐loud hot DOGs

Lonsdale, C.J.,Whittle, M.,Trapp, A.,Patil, P.,Lonsdale, C.J.,Thorp, R.,Lacy, M.,Kimball, A. E.,Blain, A.,Jones, S.,Kim, M. WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2016 Astronomische Nachrichten Vol.337 No.1

<P>We address the impact of young radio jets on the ISM and star formation in a sample of radiatively efficient, highly obscured, radio AGN with look back times that place them near the peak of the galaxy and BH building era, z similar to 1-3. By selecting systems with a high mid-infrared (MIR) luminosity we aim to identify radiatively efficient ('quasar-mode' or 'radiative-mode') AGN in a peak fueling phase, and by selecting compact radio sources we favor young or re-generated radio jets which are confined within the hosts. By selecting AGN which are very red through the optical-MIR we favor highly obscured systems likely to have been recently merger-triggered and still in the pre-blow-out phase of AGN feedback into the surrounding ISM. ALMA imaging at 345 GHz of 49 sources has revealed that they are accretion dominated, relative to star formation, with luminosities reaching 10(14) L-circle dot. Extensive VLA imaging at 8-10 GHz in both A-array and B-array for 155 sources reveals that the majority of these powerful radio systems are compact on < 2-5 kpc scales while some have resolved structures on 3-25 kpc scales, and a small number have giant radio lobes on hundreds of kpc scales. The majority of the GHz range radio SEDs are typical of optically thin synchrotron, however for the 34 sources with data at more than 2 frequencies, 40% are likely to be CSS, GPS, or HFP sources. VLBA imaging of 62 sources reveals varied morphologies, from unresolved sources to complex multicomponent 1-10 mas scale structures. (C) 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim</P>

Cobalt and nickel uptake by silica-based extractants

Pepper, Sarah E.,Whittle, Karl R.,Harwood, Laurence M.,Cowell, Joseph,Lee, Taek Seung,Ogden, Mark D. M. Dekker 2018 Separation science and technology Vol.53 No.10

<P>The pK(a)s of ethyl/butyl phosphonate silica (EBP-Si) have been determined, and the removal of cobalt and nickel from solution was investigated as a function of various parameters and compared with those of Purolite S950. pH uptake experiments suggested a combination of ion exchange and acid dissociation of the surface occurring. Isotherm data, fitted using the Langmuir and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) models, indicated that stronger complexes formed with S950 than with EBP-Si. Kinetic data, fitted using a pseudo-second-order model, suggested that the rate-determining process is the reaction of metal ions with the chelating functionality of the resin. Uptake by EBP-Si is two to three times faster than that on S950.</P>

RADIO JET FEEDBACK AND STAR FORMATION IN HEAVILY OBSCURED, HYPERLUMINOUS QUASARS AT REDSHIFTS ∼ 0.5-3. I. ALMA OBSERVATIONS

Lonsdale, Carol J.,Lacy, M.,Kimball, A. E.,Blain, A.,Whittle, M.,Wilkes, B.,Stern, D.,Condon, J.,Kim, M.,Assef, R. J.,Tsai, C.-W.,Efstathiou, A.,Jones, S.,Eisenhardt, P.,Bridge, C.,Wu, J.,Lonsdale, Co IOP Publishing 2015 The Astrophysical journal Vol.813 No.1

<P>We present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) 870 mu m (345 GHz) data for 49 high-redshift (0.47 < z < 2.85), luminous (11.7 < log(L-bol/L-circle dot) < 14.2) radio-powerful active galactic nuclei (AGNs), obtained to constrain cool dust emission from starbursts concurrent with highly obscured radiative-mode black hole (BH) accretion in massive galaxies that possess a small radio jet. The sample was selected from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with extremely steep (red) mid-infrared colors and with compact radio emission from NVSS/FIRST. Twenty-six sources are detected at 870 mu m, and we find that the sample has large mid- to far-infrared luminosity ratios, consistent with a dominant and highly obscured quasar. The rest-frame 3 GHz radio powers are 24.7 < log P-3.0 GHz/W Hz(-1)) < 27.3, and all sources are radio-intermediate or radio-loud. BH mass estimates are 7.7 < log(M-BH/M-circle dot) < 10.2. The rest-frame 1-5 mu m spectral energy distributions are very similar to the 'Hot DOGs' (hot dust-obscured galaxies), and steeper (redder) than almost any other known extragalactic sources. ISM masses estimated for the ALMA-detected sources are 9.9 < log (M-ISM/M-circle dot) < 11.75 assuming a dust temperature of 30 K. The cool dust emission is consistent with star formation rates reaching several thousand M-circle dot yr(-1), depending on the assumed dust temperature, but we cannot rule out the alternative that the AGN powers all the emission in some cases. Our best constrained source has radiative transfer solutions with approximately equal contributions from an obscured AGN and a young (10-15 Myr) compact starburst.</P>

링전단시험을 이용한 말뚝 기초-사질지반 간 인터페이스 거동 분석

정상섬(Jeong, Sang-Seom),정형서(Jung, Hyung-Suh),Andrew Whittle,김도현(Kim, Do-Hyun) 한국지반공학회 2021 한국지반공학회논문집 Vol.37 No.5

Linking Causal Relationships between Genes and Phenotypes of the Immune System Through Large Scale ENU Mutagenesis of the Mammalian Genome

Edward M Bertram,Lisa A Miosge,Yovina Sontani,Belinda Whittle,Anna Palkova,T. Daniel Andrews,Matthew A Field,Yafei Zhang,Anselm Enders,Christopher C. Goodnow 한국실험동물학회 2014 한국실험동물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2014 No.8

The Effects of Cannabidiolic Acid and Cannabidiol on Contractility of the Gastrointestinal Tract of Suncus murinus

Nina L. Cluny,Robert J. Naylor,Brian A. Whittle,Farideh A. Javid 대한약학회 2011 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.34 No.9

Cannabidiol (CBD) has been shown to inhibit gastrointestinal (GI) transit in pathophysiologic in vivo models, while having no effect in physiologic controls. The actions of the precursor of CBD, cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), have not been investigated in the GI tract. The actions of these phytocannabinoids on the contractility of the GI tract of Suncus murinus were investigated in the current study. The effects of CBDA and CBD in resting state and pre-contracted isolated intestinal segments, and on the contractile effects of carbachol and electrical field stimulation (EFS) on the intestines of S. murinus were examined. CBDA and CBD induced a reduction in resting tissue tension of isolated intestinal segments which was not blocked by the cannabinoid CB_1 receptor antagonist, AM251, the CB_2 receptor antagonist AM630, or tetrodotoxin. CBDA and CBD reduced the magnitude of contractions induced by carbachol and the tension of intestinal segments that were pre-contracted with potassium chloride. In tissues stimulated by EFS, CBDA inhibited contractions induced by lower frequencies (0.1-4.0 Hz) of EFS, while CBD inhibited contractions induced by higher frequencies (4.0-20.0 Hz) of EFS. The data suggest that CBDA and CBD have inhibitory actions on the intestines of S. murinus that are not neuronallymediated or mediated via CB_1 or CB_2 receptors.

Impact of copper(II) on activation product removal from reactor decommissioning effluents in South Korea

J.T.M. Amphlett,S.E. Pepper,A.L. Riley,L.M. Harwood,J. Cowell,K.R. Whittle,T.S. Lee,M.D. Ogden 한국공업화학회 2020 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.82 No.-

Decommissioning is one of the most important phases in the life of a nuclear reactor, having a majorinfluence on public perception of such technology. Therefore, development of technologies that makedecommissioning more safe, effective and efficient is integral to the success of the nuclear industry. Inthis paper, phosphonic acid functionalised silica has been studied to determine its suitability for treatingnuclear decommissioning effluents produced in the HYBRID process, developed in South Korea. Cu2+recovery from HCl media in both static and dynamic modes was investigated, as well as the effect of Cu2+on Co2+ and Ni2+ recovery in a column loading system. Isothermal loading studies predicted a maximumloading capacity for Cu2+ of 22.82 mg g 1, however complex loading behaviour was observed. Cu2+sorption followed pseudo-second order kinetics with rapid uptake. Thermodynamic parameters havebeen extracted from collected kinetic data. Cu2+ outcompetes both Co2+ and Ni2+ for binding to the silicain column studies, which has implications for the use of phosphonic acid functionalised silica in treatingdecommissioning effluents. This work presents initial lab scale experiments, but shows the potential of Sibased extractants for use in metals recovery in the nuclear industry.

Synthesis of Prussian blue-embedded porous polymer for detection and removal of Cs ions

Namgung, Ho,Gwon, Young Jin,Kim, Jongho,Jang, Geunseok,Pepper, Sarah E.,Ogden, Mark D.,Whittle, Karl R.,Harwood, Laurence M.,Lee, Taek Seung Elsevier 2018 Polymer Vol.158 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A Prussian blue (PB)-embedded coordination polymer (COP) was prepared by simple incorporation of PB into a COP composed of 1,1,2,2-tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)ethane and the Zn ion during the synthesis of COP. The PB-COP was prepared as micro-sized particles with green emission (490 nm) from the strongly fluorescent tetraphenylethene group in the solid state through aggregation-induced emission. The PB-COP showed particle shape with sizes ranging from 1 to 6 μm. As the PB in PB-COP efficiently adsorbed Cs ions, the microstructure of PB-COP was degraded to smaller particles, along with a concomitant decrease in the green fluorescence of the PB-COP. Such a decrease in the green emission of PB-COP was used as a signal for the presence of Cs ions, in which the limit of detection for Cs ions was found to be 73.8 ppb. The hybridized material of the PB-COP can be used as both an efficient adsorbent and a sensor for Cs ions, achieving simultaneous removal and detection.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A hybrid material was prepared with coordination polymer (COP) and Prussian blue (PB). </LI> <LI> COP was prepared by ionic interaction between COOH of organic molecules and Zn ions. </LI> <LI> The hybrid materials could remove efficiently Cs ions via adsorption on PB. </LI> <LI> The fluorescence of COP in hybrid materials also decreased upon exposure to Cs ions. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>