A Case Study of Risk Assessment of Ozone Impact on Forest Tree Species in Japan

Watanabe, Makoto,Yamaguchi, Masahiro,Matsumura, Hideyuki,Kohno, Yoshihisa,Koike, Takayoshi,Izuta, Takeshi Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment 2011 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.5 No.4

Ozone ($O_3$) is a main component of photochemical oxidants and a phytotoxic air pollutant. Although the current levels of tropospheric $O_3$ in East Asia could adversely affect productivity of forest tree species, risk assessments of $O_3$ impact were limited. In this paper, we summarize the methodology of risk assessment of $O_3$ on forest tree species based on our two previous studies, risk assessments of $O_3$ impact on the growth of Fagus crenata by Watanabe et al. (2012) and on the annual carbon absorption of three representative conifers, Cryptomeria japonica, Pinus densiflora and Larix kaempferi by Watanabe et al. (2010). $O_3$ sensitivity of each tree species obtained from an experimental study, $O_3$ exposure and atmospheric N deposition based on field monitoring and vegetation survey were integrated by geographic information system method. Based on the results, we conclude that the area with high risk of $O_3$ impact does not necessarily correspond to the area with high $O_3$ exposure. The varieties of tree habitat, tree sensitivity to $O_3$ and annual carbon absorption among the tree species, and N deposition-induced change in the $O_3$ sensitivity of F. crenata are raised as the factors of discordance between areas with high risk and those with high $O_3$ exposure. In the last part of this paper, we discuss the present uncertainty and perspectives of risk assessment for the future studies on the impact of $O_3$ on forest tree species in East Asia.

A Case Study of Risk Assessment of Ozone Impact on Forest Tree Species in Japan

Makoto Watanabe,Masahiro Yamaguchi,Hideyuki Matsumura,Yoshihisa Kohno,Takayoshi Koike,Takeshi Izuta 한국대기환경학회 2011 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.5 No.4

Ozone (O_3) is a main component of photochemical oxidants and a phytotoxic air pollutant. Although the current levels of tropospheric O_3 in East Asia could adversely affect productivity of forest tree species,risk assessments of O_3 impact were limited. In this paper, we summarize the methodology of risk assessment of O_3 on forest tree species based on our two previous studies, risk assessments of O_3 impact on the growth of Fagus crenata by Watanabe et al. (2012) and on the annual carbon absorption of three representative conifers, Cryptomeria japonica, Pinus densiflora and Larix kaempferi by Watanabe et al. (2010). O_3 sensitivity of each tree species obtained from an experimental study, O_3 exposure and atmospheric N deposition based on field monitoring and vegetation survey were integrated by geographic information system method. Based on the results, we conclude that the area with high risk of O_3 impact does not necessarily correspond to the area with high O_3 exposure. The varieties of tree habitat, tree sensitivity to O_3 and annual carbon absorption among the tree species, and N deposition-induced change in the O_3 sensitivity of F. crenata are raised as the factors of discordance between areas with high risk and those with high O_3 exposure. In the last part of this paper, we discuss the present uncertainty and perspectives of risk assessment for the future studies on the impact of O_3 on forest tree species in East Asia.

Conformational changes of short, discrete Rouse chain during creep and recovery processes

Watanabe, Hiroshi,Inoue, Tadashi The Korean Society of Rheology 2004 Korea-Australia rheology journal Vol.16 No.2

For the Rouse chain composed of infinite number of beads (continuous limit), conformational changes during the creep and creep recovery processes was recently analyzed to reveal the interplay among all Rouse eigenmodes under the constant stress condition (Watanabe and Inoue, Rheol. Acta, 2004). For completeness of the analysis of the Rouse model, this paper analyzes the conformational changes of the discrete Rouse chain having a finite number of beads (N = 3 and 4). The analysis demonstrates that the chain of finite N exhibits the affine deformation on imposition/removal of the stress and this deformation gives the instantaneous component of the recoverable compliance, $J_{R}$(0) = 1/(N-l)v $k_{B}$T with v and $k_{B}$ being the chain number density and Boltzmann constant, respectively. (This component vanishes for N\longrightarrow$\infty$.) For N = 2, it is known that the chain has only one internal eigenmode so that the affinely deformed conformation at the onset of the creep process does not change with time t and $J_{R}$(t) coincides with $J_{R}$(0) at any t (no transient increase of $J_{R}$(t)). However, for N$\geq$3, the chain has N-l eigenmodes (N-l$\geq$2), and this coincidence vanishes. For this case, the chain conformation changes with t to the non-affine conformation under steady flow, and this change is governed by the interplay of the Rouse eigenmodes (under the constant stress condition). This conformational change gives the non-instantaneous increase of $J_{R}$(t) with t, as also noted in the continuous limit (N\longrightarrow$\infty$).X>).).X>).

Determination of Intestinal Disappearance of Lysine and Methionine Derived from Ruminally Protected Lysine and Methionine in Holstein Heifers

Watanabe, K.,Sato, H.,Kobayashi, T.,Katoh, K.,Obara, Y. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2003 Animal Bioscience Vol.16 No.4

In order to estimate the availability of ruminally-protected Lys (RPLys) and Met (RPMet), quantitative changes of free Lys and Met in the total abomasal outflow and feces were determined in three Holstein heifers with a T-shaped duodenal cannula. RPLys was prepared by coating Lys with fat and RPMet with a pH-sensitive polymer. RPLys and RPMet containing 30 g of each amino acid were supplied together to heifers, and total abomasal outflow was collected hourly from the T-shaped duodenal cannula for a 48 h period. Collected abomasal outflows were fractionated into liquid and solid phases to measure free Lys and Met concentration. At 2 wk after total abomasal outflow sampling, heifers were supplied RPLys and RPMet together again, and total feces were collected every 12 h for a 3 d period t estimate excreted RPLys and RPMet in feces. The amounts of Lys and Met recovered from the liquid fractions of abomasal outflow were estimated to be $23.9{\pm}8.3%$ and $68.6{\pm}3.6%$ (p=0.008) of RPLys and RPMet ingested, respectively. Final intestinal disappearances of Lys and Met were estimated to be $49.5{\pm}2.6%$ and $78.2%{\pm}6.5%$ (p=0.015) of ingested RPLys and RPMet, respectively.

Radiotherapy for non-gastric intestinal versus gastric MALT lymphoma: a comparison of treatment outcomes

Watanabe Shigenobu,Ogino Ichiro,Hata Masaharu 대한혈액학회 2020 Blood Research Vol.55 No.4

Background Radiotherapy is often used for treating patients with gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas who fail to respond to Helicobacter pylori eradication. However, non-gastric intestinal MALT lymphoma is rare, and no standard therapeutic strategies have been established. This study was designed to assess the long-term prognosis of non-gastric intestinal MALT lymphoma treated with radiotherapy and to compare the outcomes with that of post-radiotherapy gastric MALT lymphoma. Methods The study included 34 patients with stage I EA gastrointestinal MALT lymphoma according to the Ann Arbor classification who underwent definitive radiotherapy. The primary site was the rectum in 3, the duodenum in 1, and the stomach in 30 patients. The radiotherapy dose was 1.5‒2.0 Gy (median, 1.5 Gy) and the total dose was 30‒40 Gy (median, 30 Gy). The clinical target volume (CTV) was defined as the volume of the entire organ with the lymphoma. Adjacent lymph node areas were not routinely included in the CTV. Results Complete response (CR) was achieved in all patients. There were no local recurrences, and two cases of recurrence were observed at other sites. The 5-year overall survival rates for non-gastric and gastric MALT lymphomas were 100% and 94.7%, respectively, and the 5-year disease-free survival rates were 100% and 95.7%, respectively. None of the patients died of the current illness. Conclusion Radiotherapy for non-gastric intestinal MALT lymphoma is expected to result in good local control and long-term survival, similar to that for gastric MALT lymphoma.

The review of international forum on magnetic force control IFMFC activity from 2010

Watanabe, Tsuneo The Korean Society of Superconductivity and Cryoge 2022 한국초전도저온공학회논문지 Vol.24 No.3

The Magnetic Force Control MFC technology is very useful because of its physical treatment process. Especially the Magnetic Separation MS technology is expected to contribute to SDGs 2030, Circular Economy and Carbon neutral 2050 realization. This paper describes the review of the IFMFC activity from 2010.The IFMFC is organized by three local committees of researchers in Japan, China and Korea. The IFMFC aims to exchange the information of the development results using the MFC technology and to educate the young researchers. The forum has been held in every year around three countries. In 2020 and 2021, the forum was organized by Zoom online due to the COVID-19. The 134 presentations were made up to 2020.The breakdown of these presentations are categorized to the environment remediation52%, material resource37% and fundamental research/technology11%. The Super Conducting Magnet SCM development promotes the MFC technologies. There are some impressive backgrounds as to the brilliant SM technology applications for many different magnetism ; SCM development, High Gradient Magnetic Separation HGMS, magnetic seeding method and magneto-Archimedes effect. This paper reviews the IFMFC activity according to those presented presentations.

Relationship between water-holding capacity and intramuscular fat content in Japanese commercial pork loin

Watanabe, Genya,Motoyama, Michiyo,Nakajima, Ikuyo,Sasaki, Keisuke Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2018 Animal Bioscience Vol.31 No.6

Objective: The relationship between water-holding capacity (WHC) and intermuscular fat (IMF) was studied in Japanese commercial pork. Methods: Longissimus muscles of pigs (n = 62), obtained from two meat packing plants, were analyzed for IMF content, moisture content, drip loss, cooking loss, and pH. Pairwise relationships among these traits were determined using correlation analyses. Results: IMF content was significantly correlated with moisture content (r = -0.88; p<0.01) and pH (r = 0.32; p<0.05), but not with drip loss (r = -0.23; p = 0.07) or cooking loss (r = -0.10; p = 0.42). In contrast, drip loss was significantly (and negatively) correlated with pH (r = -0.57; p<0.01). Conclusion: IMF content was not significantly correlated with WHC in pork, and so ultimately, we consider pH to be one of the most important factors influencing WHC in pork meat.

Physical Science in Japan and Australia to 1914 : A Comparison

Watanabe, Masao,Home, R . W . 한국과학사학회 1986 한국과학사학회지 Vol.8 No.1

Dark aerobic methane emission associated to leaf factors of two Acacia and five Eucalyptus species

Watanabe, M.,Watanabe, Y.,Kim, Y.S.,Koike, T. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier [distribution] 2012 Atmospheric environment Vol.54 No.-

We sought the biological factors determining variations in the methane emission rates from leaves of different plant species under aerobic conditions. Accordingly, we studied relations between the methane emission rate and leaf traits of two Acacia and five Eucalyptus species. We grew seedlings of each species in a glasshouse and measured the methane emission rate of the detached leaves under dark conditions at 30 <SUP>o</SUP>C. At the same time we measured the leaf mass per area (LMA), water content, and concentrations of carbon and nitrogen. There was no correlation between the leaf nitrogen concentration and the methane emission rate. This is consistent with previous findings that enzymatic processes do not influence methane emission. We found a significant negative correlation between LMA and the methane emission rate. Our results suggest that leaf structure is primarily responsible for differences in the rates of aerobic methane emission from leaves of different species.

Monopole-Driven Shell Evolution below the Doubly Magic Nucleus Sn132 Explored with the Long-Lived Isomer in Pd126

Watanabe, H.,Lorusso, G.,Nishimura, S.,Otsuka, T.,Ogawa, K.,Xu, Z. Y.,Sumikama, T.,Sö,derströ,m, P.-A.,Doornenbal, P.,Li, Z.,Browne, F.,Gey, G.,Jung, H. S.,Taprogge, J.,Vajta, Zs.,Wu, J.,Yagi, American Physical Society 2014 Physical Review Letters Vol.113 No.4

<P>A new isomer with a half-life of 23.0(8) ms has been identified at 2406 keV in (126)Pd and is proposed to have a spin and parity of 10(+) with a maximally aligned configuration comprising two neutron holes in the 1h(11/2) orbit. In addition to an internal-decay branch through a hindered electric octupole transition, β decay from the long-lived isomer was observed to populate excited states at high spins in (126)Ag. The smaller energy difference between the 10(+) and 7(-) isomers in (126)Pd than in the heavier N=80 isotones can be interpreted as being ascribed to the monopole shift of the 1h(11/2) neutron orbit. The effects of the monopole interaction on the evolution of single-neutron energies below (132)Sn are discussed in terms of the central and tensor forces.</P>