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Occurrence and diversity of entomopathogenic fungi in cultivated and uncultivated soils in Pakistan
Waqas Wakil,M. Usman GHAZANFAR,Tahira RIASAT,권용정,Mirza Abdul QAYYUM,Muhammad YASIN 한국곤충학회 2013 Entomological Research Vol.43 No.1
The distribution of entomopathogenic fungi in various geographical areas of Punjab, Pakistan, is poorly understood. The present study was planned to explore the occurrence and diversity of entomopathogenic fungi from soils collected from cultivated and non‐cultivated habitats. The detailed survey of different habitats (crop fields, fruits, vegetables, forests) was conducted to collect soil samples and the associated fungi were isolated using Galleria bait method. Among 210 soil samples, 168 fungal isolates were recovered and identified, with 98 from forests, 32 from vegetables, 30 from field crops and 8 from fruits. The major entomopathogenic fungi recovered from these samples were Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, Paecilomyces lilacinus, B. brongniartii, P. chlamydosporia and Lecanicillium attenuatum. The diversity of entomopathogenic fungi was greater in soil samples from forests compared to crop fields, vegetables and fruits, respectively. The geographical attributes (altitude, longitude, latitude) greatly influenced the occurrence of entomopathogenic fungi with the highest number of isolates found from >600 m altitude, 33°–34′N latitude, and 73°74′E longitude from soil samples. The results of the surveys clearly indicated that the entomopathogenic fungi are distributed in the soils which may be used in successful IPM programs in future.
Waqas Wakil,M. Usman GHAZANFAR,권용정,Mirza A. QAYYUM,Fozia NASIR 한국곤충학회 2010 Entomological Research Vol.40 No.6
A survey was conducted in tomato fields at different localities to assess the distribution of tomato fruitworm Helicoverpa armigera Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Punjab Province, Pakistan. The effect of weather factors on its population was also investigated. Eleven tomato-growing districts were selected and data for larval population and fruit infestation were recorded. The maximum larval population (5.2 larvae/plant) of H. armigera was recorded in Bahawalpur district with 32.6% fruit infestation. However, the minimum larval population (1.4 larvae/plant) inflicted 14.7% fruit infestation in Rawalpindi district. The temperature was positively correlated while relative humidity showed negative interaction with the larval population and fruit infestation.
Capacity Analysis of RIS-based Communications Under Transceiver Impairments
Waqas Khalid,Heejung Yu 한국통신학회 2021 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2021 No.6
In this paper, we consider a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-aided wireless communication without a direct link. The large-scale path loss model, and residual hardware impairment (RHI), taking into account the physical characteristics of RIS, and practical nature of transceiver equipment, respectively, are considered. By employing the Rayleigh distribution for small-scale fading and the central limit theorem (CLT) approximation for number of reflecting surfaces, we derive the distribution of SNR, and consequently, the tractable expression of ergodic achievable rate for the analysis. We analyze the factors, including effective incident angle and size of RIS, and number of reflecting surfaces, and RHI Level, that influence the ergodic achievable rate, by simulation results.
Effects of Alum and Ferric chloride as a Blend on Poultry Litter Characteristics
( Waqas Qasim ),( Byeong Eun Moon ),( Malinee Phonsuwan ),( Jin Seok Jo ),( Min Ho Lee ),( Mohammad Nafees ),( Hyeon Tae Kim ) 한국농업기계학회 2016 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.21 No.2
Aluminum sulfate, Ferric chloride, Ferrous sulfate and Sodium bisulfate used on poultry litter in the past individually at different concentration to reduce environmental pollution and increase chicken productivity. Poultry litter is also rich in nutrients which can be used as a fertilizer to crops. In this study we evaluate the effects of Alum and Ferric chloride as a blend on poultry litter characteristics. There were total five treatments Control, T1, T2, T3 and T4. Five Boxes (70 × 40 × 43 cm) were used for this experiment, in each box 1 kg fresh chicken manure and 4 kg sawdust were mixed thoroughly. NH3 and CO₂ emission, pH, EC, Moisture content, Total and Water Soluble nutrients of poultry litter were determined after applying blend of Alum and ferric chloride to T1, T2, T3 and T4 at concentration of (5%+5%), (2.5%+5%), (5%+2.5%), and (2.5%+2.5%) of litter respectively. All the parameters except from nutrients were checked on weekly basis up to six weeks. Nutrients were checked after 1 and 42 days of applying chemicals. NH3, CO₂ emission in control treatment were recorded high from other treatments throughout the experiment but reduced with time due to reduction in moisture content. In other treatments NH3 were 0 ppm at first 2 weeks then the emission starts slowly between 3rd and 6<sup>th</sup> weeks. At end of 6<sup>th</sup> week lowest NH3 and CO₂ emission was recorded at T1. pH and EC showed the inverse relationship, in control treatment high pH and low EC values were found, and in other treatments low pH and high EC values were found. After 42 days Nitrogen were reduces significantly from control treatment, the high N content were found in T1. Water Soluble Phosphorus were much lower in treated poultry litters than untreated both after 1 day and 42 days. These data give us an indication that use of Alum and Ferric chloride as a blend can be more useful amendments for reducing NH3, CO₂, pH and Moisture content which help in poultry productivity, controlling pollution and poultry litter as a fertilizer.
Waqas Nazeer,Mobeen Munir,Abdul Rauf Nizami,Samina Kausar,강신민 한국전산응용수학회 2017 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.35 No.3
In this note we establish a new non-convex hybrid iteration algorithm corresponding to Khan iterative process [4] and prove strong convergence theorems of common fixed points for a uniformly closed asymptotically family of countable quasi-Lipschitz mappings in Hilbert spaces. Moreover, the main results are applied to get the common fixed points of finite family of quasi-asymptotically nonexpansive mappings. The results presented in this article are interesting extensions of some current results.