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Low ambient oxygen prevents atherosclerosis
Kang, Ju-Gyeong,Sung, Ho Joong,Amar, Marcelo J.,Pryor, Milton,Remaley, Alan T.,Allen, Michele D.,Noguchi, Audrey C.,Springer, Danielle A.,Kwon, Jaeyul,Chen, Jichun,Park, Ji-hoon,Wang, Ping-yuan,Hwang, Springer-Verlag 2016 Journal of molecular medicine Vol.94 No.3
<P>Large population studies have shown that living at higher altitudes, which lowers ambient oxygen exposure, is associated with reduced cardiovascular disease mortality. However, hypoxia has also been reported to promote atherosclerosis by worsening lipid metabolism and inflammation. We sought to address these disparate reports by reducing the ambient oxygen exposure of ApoE-/- mice. We observed that long-term adaptation to 10 % O-2 (equivalent to oxygen content at similar to 5000 m), compared to 21 % O-2 (room air at sea level), resulted in a marked decrease in aortic atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice. This effect was associated with increased expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10), known to be anti-atherogenic and regulated by hypoxia-inducible transcription factor-1 alpha (HIF-1 alpha). Supporting these observations, ApoE-/- mice that were deficient in IL-10 (IL10-/- ApoE-/- double knockout) failed to show reduced atherosclerosis in 10 % oxygen. Our study reveals a specific mechanism that can help explain the decreased prevalence of ischemic heart disease in populations living at high altitudes and identifies ambient oxygen exposure as a potential factor that could be modulated to alter pathogenesis. Key messages Chronic low ambient oxygen exposure decreases atherosclerosis in mice. Anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 levels are increased by low ambient O-2. This is consistent with the established role of HIF-1 alpha in IL10 transactivation. Absence of IL-10 results in the loss of the antiatherosclerosis effect of low O-2. This mechanism may contribute to decreased atherosclerosis at high altitudes.</P>
Contact Parameter Computation and Analysis of Air Circuit Breaker with Permanent Magnet Actuator
Fang, Shuhua,Lin, Heyun,Ho, S.L.,Wang, Xianbing,Jin, Ping,Huang, Yunkai,Yang, Shiyou The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2013 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.8 No.3
An air circuit breaker (ACB) with novel double-breaker contact and permanent magnet actuator (PMA) is presented. Three-dimensional (3-D) finite element method (FEM) is employed to compute the electro-dynamic repulsion forces, including the Holm force and Lorentz force, which are acting on the static and movable contacts. The electro-dynamic repulsion forces of different contact pieces are computed, illustrating there is an optimal number of contact pieces for the ACB being studied. The electro-dynamic repulsion force of each contact, which varies from the outer position to the inner position, is also computed. Finally, the contacts of the double-breaker are manufactured according to the analyzed results to validate the simulations.
Contact Parameter Computation and Analysis of Air Circuit Breaker with Permanent Magnet Actuator
Shuhua Fang,Heyun Lin,S. L. Ho,Xianbing Wang,Ping Jin,Yunkai Huang,Shiyou Yang 대한전기학회 2013 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.8 No.3
An air circuit breaker (ACB) with novel double-breaker contact and permanent magnet actuator (PMA) is presented. Three-dimensional (3-D) finite element method (FEM) is employed to compute the electro-dynamic repulsion forces, including the Holm force and Lorentz force, which are acting on the static and movable contacts. The electro-dynamic repulsion forces of different contact pieces are computed, illustrating there is an optimal number of contact pieces for the ACB being studied. The electro-dynamic repulsion force of each contact, which varies from the outer position to the inner position, is also computed. Finally, the contacts of the double-breaker are manufactured according to the analyzed results to validate the simulations.