Influence of different NaOH pretreatment concentrations on saccharification and fermentation for bioethanol production from rice straw and rice husk (natural and powder)

Shabina Yeasmin,Chul-Hawn Kim,J-Y Lee,M. I. Sheikh,H-J Park,S-H Kim,G-C Kim,J-W Kim 한국펄프·종이공학회 2011 한국펄프·종이공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2011 No.4

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the different NaOH pretreatment concentrations (0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75%, and 1.00%) on enzymatic saccharification (with cellulase, and β-glucosidase) and fermentation (by Saccharomyces cerevisiaeKCCM 11304) for bioethanol production from rice straw and rice husk. Pretreatment of rice straw and rice husk were conducted under both natural and powder state to observe the potentiality of the biomass condition (natural and powder state). In this study, glucose and ethanol production were increased with the increase of NaOH percentage for both rice straw and rice husk (natural and powder state). For rice straw, the highest amount of glucose was obtained in 1.00% NaOH pretreatment (0.81 g g?¹ in a natural, and 0.63 g g?¹ in a powder state pretreatment). Similarly, for rice husk, the highest amount of glucose was obtained in 1.00% NaOH pretreatment (0.47 g g?¹ in a natural, and 0.46 g g?¹ lin a powder state pretreatment). However, 0.75% NaOH pretreatment resulted in glucose yield near about 1.00% NaOH pretreatment for both rice straw and rice husk (natural and powder state). On the other hand, for rice straw, the highest amount of ethanol was obtained in 1.00% NaOH pretreatment (0.36 g g?¹ in a natural, and 0.31 g g?¹ in a powder state pretreatment). In addition, for rice husk, the highest amount of ethanol was also obtained in 1.00% NaOH pretreatment (0.24 g g?¹ in a natural, and 0.23 g g?¹ in a powder state pretreatment). Moreover, 0.75% NaOH pretreatment resulted in ethanol yield near about 1.00% NaOH pretreatment for both rice straw and rice husk (natural and powder state). It was confirmed that higher amount of NaOH use is cost effective. Moreover, higher amount of glucose and ethanol was observed when powder was prepared after pretreatment. So 0.75% NaOH pretreatment in a natural state is supposed to be suitable for enzymatic saccharification and fermentation for bioethanol production.

Gα₁₂ gep oncogene deregulation of p53-responsive microRNAs promotes epithelial–mesenchymal transition of hepatocellular carcinoma

Yang, Y M,Lee, W H,Lee, C G,An, J,Kim, E-S,Kim, S H,Lee, S-K,Lee, C H,Dhanasekaran, D N,Moon, A,Hwang, S,Lee, S J,Park, J-W,Kim, K M,Kim, S G Macmillan Publishers Limited 2015 Oncogene Vol.34 No.22

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a poor prognosis owing to aggressive phenotype. Gα<SUB>12</SUB> gep oncogene product couples to G-protein-coupled receptors, whose ligand levels are frequently increased in tumor microenvironments. Here, we report Gα<SUB>12</SUB> overexpression in human HCC and the resultant induction of zinc-finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) as mediated by microRNA deregulation. Gα<SUB>12</SUB> expression was higher in HCC than surrounding non-tumorous tissue. Transfection of Huh7 cell with an activated mutant of Gα<SUB>12</SUB> (Gα<SUB>12</SUB>QL) deregulated microRNA (miRNA or miR)-200b/a/429, -194-2/192 and -194-1/215 clusters in the miRNome. cDNA microarray analyses disclosed the targets affected by Gα<SUB>12</SUB> gene knockout. An integrative network of miRNAs and mRNA changes enabled us to predict ZEB1 as a key molecule governed by Gα<SUB>12</SUB>. Decreases of miR-200a/b, -192 and -215 by Gα<SUB>12</SUB> caused ZEB1 induction. The ability of Gα<SUB>12</SUB> to decrease p53 levels, as a result of activating protein-1 (AP-1)/c-Jun-mediated mouse double minute 2 homolog induction, contributed to transcriptional deregulation of the miRNAs. Gα<SUB>12</SUB>QL induced ZEB1 and other epithelial–mesenchymal transition markers with fibroblastoid phenotype change. Consistently, transfection with miR-200b, -192 or -215 mimic prevented the ability of Gα<SUB>12</SUB>QL to increase tumor cell migration/invasion. In xenograft studies, sustained knockdown of Gα<SUB>12</SUB> decreased the overall growth rate and average volume of tumors derived from SK-Hep1 cell (mesenchymal-typed). In HCC patients, miR-192, -215 and/or -200a were deregulated with microvascular invasion or growth advantage. In the HCC samples with higher Gα<SUB>12</SUB> level, a correlation existed in the comparison of relative changes of Gα<SUB>12</SUB> and ZEB1. In conclusion, Gα<SUB>12</SUB> overexpressed in HCC causes ZEB1 induction by deregulating p53-responsive miRNAs, which may facilitate epithelial–mesenchymal transition and growth of liver tumor. These findings highlight the significance of Gα<SUB>12</SUB> upregulation in liver tumor progression, implicating Gα<SUB>12</SUB> as an attractive therapeutic target.

Injective colorings of sparse graphs

Cranston, D.W.,Kim, S.J.,Yu, G. North-Holland Pub. Co ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2010 Discrete mathematics Vol.310 No.21

Let mad(G) denote the maximum average degree (over all subgraphs) of G and let χ<SUB>i</SUB>(G) denote the injective chromatic number of G. We prove that if mad(G)@?52, then χ<SUB>i</SUB>(G)@?Δ(G)+1; and if mad(G)<4219, then χ<SUB>i</SUB>(G)=Δ(G). Suppose that G is a planar graph with girth g(G) and Δ(G)>=4. We prove that if g(G)>=9, then χ<SUB>i</SUB>(G)@?Δ(G)+1; similarly, if g(G)>=13, then χ<SUB>i</SUB>(G)=Δ(G).

Simulation of single grid-based phase-contrast x-ray imaging (g-PCXI)

Lim, H.W.,Lee, H.W.,Cho, H.S.,Je, U.K.,Park, C.K.,Kim, K.S.,Kim, G.A.,Park, S.Y.,Lee, D.Y.,Park, Y.O.,Woo, T.H.,Lee, S.H.,Chung, W.H.,Kim, J.W.,Kim, J.G. Elsevier BV * North-Holland 2017 Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Vol. No.

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Single grid-based phase-contrast x-ray imaging (g-PCXI) technique, which was recently proposed by Wen et al. to retrieve absorption, scattering, and phase-gradient images from the raw image of the examined object, seems a practical method for phase-contrast imaging with great simplicity and minimal requirements on the setup alignment. In this work, we developed a useful simulation platform for g-PCXI and performed a simulation to demonstrate its viability. We also established a table-top setup for g-PCXI which consists of a focused-linear grid (200-lines/in strip density), an x-ray tube (100-μm focal spot size), and a flat-panel detector (48-μm pixel size) and performed a preliminary experiment with some samples to show the performance of the simulation platform. We successfully obtained phase-contrast x-ray images of much enhanced contrast from both the simulation and experiment and the simulated contract seemed similar to the experimental contrast, which shows the performance of the developed simulation platform. We expect that the simulation platform will be useful for designing an optimal g-PCXI system.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> It is proposed for the single grid-based phase-contrast x-ray imaging (g-PCXI) technique. </LI> <LI> We implemented for a numerical simulation code. </LI> <LI> The preliminary experiment with several samples to compare is performed. </LI> <LI> It is expected to be useful to design an optimal g-PCXI system. </LI> </UL> </P>

표면항원 및 유전자분석에 의한 V. vulnificus균의 계통분류학적 연구(Ⅰ) : 지방산 조성 및 RAPD PCR에 의한 V. vulnificus균의 계통분류학적 연구

윤영희,김기상,신영학,이점규,오경수,유정식,이상원,이근용 국립보건연구원 1998 국립보건원보 Vol.35 No.-

The gep oncogenes, Gα₁₂ and Gα₁₃, upregulate the transforming growth factor-β1 gene

Lee, S J,Yang, J W,Cho, I J,Kim, W D,Cho, M K,Lee, C H,Kim, S G Macmillan Publishers Limited 2009 Oncogene Vol.28 No.9

Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFβ1) plays a role in neoplastic transformation and transdifferentiation. Gα<SUB>12</SUB> and Gα<SUB>13</SUB>, referred to as the gep oncogenes, stimulate mitogenic pathways. Nonetheless, no information is available regarding their roles in the regulation of the TGFβ1 gene and the molecules linking them to gene transcription. Knockdown or knockout experiments using murine embryonic fibroblasts and hepatic stellate cells indicated that a Gα<SUB>12</SUB> and Gα<SUB>13</SUB> deficiency reduced constitutive, auto-stimulatory or thrombin-inducible TGFβ1 gene expression. In contrast, transfection of activated mutants of Gα<SUB>12</SUB> and Gα<SUB>13</SUB> enabled the knockout cells to promote TGFβ1 induction. A promoter deletion analysis suggested that activating protein 1 (AP-1) plays a role in TGFβ1 gene transactivation, which was corroborated by the observation that a deficiency of the G-proteins decreased the AP-1 activity, whereas their activation enhanced it. Moreover, mutation of the AP-1-binding site abrogated the ability of Gα<SUB>12</SUB> and Gα<SUB>13</SUB> to induce the TGFβ1 gene. Transfection of a dominant-negative mutant of Rho or Rac, but not Cdc42, prevented gene transactivation and decreased AP-1 activity downstream of Gα<SUB>12</SUB> and Gα<SUB>13</SUB>. In summary, Gα<SUB>12</SUB> and Gα<SUB>13</SUB> regulate the expression of the TGFβ1 gene through an increase in Rho/Rac-dependent AP-1 activity, implying that the G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)-Gα<SUB>12</SUB> pathway is involved in the TGFβ1-mediated transdifferentiation process.Oncogene (2009) 28, 1230–1240; doi:10.1038/onc.2008.488; published online 19 January 2009

Rapid and label-free bioanalytical method of alpha fetoprotein detection using LSPR chip

Kim, D.,Kim, J.,Kwak, C.H.,Heo, N.S.,Oh, S.Y.,Lee, H.,Lee, G.W.,Vilian, A.T.E.,Han, Y.K.,Kim, W.S.,Kim, G.b.,Kwon, S.,Huh, Y.S. North-Holland Pub. Co 2017 Journal of crystal growth Vol.469 No.-

Alpha fetoprotein (AFP) is a cancer marker, particularly for hepatocellular carcinoma. Normal levels of AFP are less than 20ng/mL; however, its levels can reach more than 400ng/mL in patients with HCC. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and radioimmunoassay (RIA) have been employed for clinical diagnosis of AFP; however, these methods are time consuming and labor intensive. In this study, we developed a localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) based biosensor for simple and rapid detection of AFP. This biosensor consists of a UV-Vis spectrometer, a cuvette cell, and a biosensor chip nanopatterned with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). In our LSPR biosensor, binding of AFP to the surface of the sensor chip led to an increasing magnitude of the LSPR signals, which was measured by an ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrometer. Our LSPR biosensor showed sufficient detectability of AFP at concentrations of 1ng/mL to 1μg/mL. Moreover, the overall procedure for detection of AFP was completed within 20min. This biosensor could also be utilized for a point of care test (POCT) by employing a portable UV-Vis spectrometer. Owing to the simplicity and rapidity of the detection process, our LSPR biosensor is expected to replace traditional diagnostic methods for the early detection of diseases.

이탈리안라이그라스 종자의 물리적 특성 연구

신동관 ( D. G. Shin ),김태석 ( T. S. Kim ),김훈 ( H. Kim ),이승기 ( S. K. Lee ),김웅 ( W. Kim ),김락우 ( R. W. Kim ),한재웅 ( J. W. Han ) 한국농업기계학회 2022 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.27 No.2

이탈리안라이그라스(IRG, Italian Ryegrass)는 국내에서 조사료로 사용되고 있으며 재배면적의 감소와 수입의 의존도가 높아지고 있다. IRG는 전국에서 수확이 가능하며 기후변화와 내습성이 우수하여 쌀과 이모작 재배가 가능하여 재배효율을 낼 수 있는 조사료이다. 그러나 기후변화로 인하여 IRG수확시기는 벼 이앙시기와 겹쳐 조기에 수확되고 있으며 고수분종자일떄 적절한 공정이 시행되지 못할 경우 품질의 저하나 종자로써 사용이 불가능하다. 또한 국내에서 생산된 IRG종자 건조시스템에 대한 연구자료는 전무하며 기존 곡물건조기를 사용할 경우 건조속도 저하와 주요인자의 부재로 인한 기계화설계에 어려움이 발생하고 있다. 따라서 수확 후 공정설계의 주요인자를 구명하고 함수율에 따른 모델을 개발하기 위하여 수행되었다. 시료의 함수율은 7수준으로 건조하였으며, 초기 시료인 함수율 34.0%, w.b.의 경우 유동이 없어 물리적 특성 실험에서 제외하였다. 기하학적 특성의 측정값은 길이 평균 5.25 mm 및 두께 평균 1.20 mm으로 나타났고 표면적 평균 4.80 mm2 및 둘레 11.34 mm로 나타났으며, 원형비 평균 0.47 및 각형비 평균 0.76으로 각형에 더 가까운 것으로 나타났다. 함수율이 높을수록 면적과 둘레는 증가하였으나, 장축길이, 단축길이, 원형비, 각형비는 함수율 변화에는 무관하였다. 산물밀도의 측정값은 평균 산물밀도는 180.78 kg/m3이며, 함수율이 감소할수록 다소 낮아지는 것으로 나타났다. 천립중은 평균은 2.57 g으로 이탈리안라이그라스의 낟알의 무게는 평균 약 0.002 ~ 0.003 g로 나타났으며 천립중은 함수율이 감소할수록 천립중도 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 산물밀도와 천립중은 함수율 변화에 따라 변화하는 인자이며 이를 예측하기 위하여 예측모델을 개발하였고 1차원으로 표현하였다. 산물밀도의 예측모델의 경우 결정계수(R2)는 0.90이고 상수는 50.7723 및 170.1052로 나타났으며, 천립중의 예측모델의 경우 결정계수(R2)는 0.99이며 상수는 2.1946 및 1.5683으로 나타났다.

Pulse Shape Discrimination of Nuclear Recoil and Electron Recoil Events With a NaI(Tl) Crystal for Dark Matter Search

Kim, K. W.,Adhikari, G.,Adhikari, P.,Choi, S.,Ha, C.,Hahn, I. S.,Jeon, E. J.,Joo, H. W.,Kang, W. G.,Kim, H. J.,Kim, N. Y.,Kim, S. K.,Kim, Y. D.,Kim, Y. H.,Lee, H. S.,Lee, M. H.,Leonard, D. S.,Oh, S. Y IEEE 2016 IEEE transactions on nuclear science Vol.63 No.2

<P>In order to investigate discrimination between nuclear recoil and electron recoil events for the KIMS-NaI dark matter search experiment, we measured the pulse shapes produced by neutrons and gamma rays in a NaI(Tl) crystal. Relatively good pulse shape discrimination (PSD) power due to high light output of recently developed crystals makes it possible to test whether the annual modulation signal observed by the DAMA/LIBRA experiment is caused by nuclear recoil events. We applied the PSD to underground data taken with a 9.15 kg low-background and high-light-output NaI(Tl) crystal for 134 days. Good agreement between underground data and electron recoil events was observed.</P>

소의 Immunoglobulin G1 에 대한 단 Clone 성 항체의 생산에 관한 연구 2 . 소의 Immunoglobulin G1 에 대한 단 clone 성 항체의 생산

김정우,여상건,이효종 ( J . W . Kim,S . G . Yeo,H . J . Lee ) 한국축산학회 1986 한국축산학회지 Vol.28 No.12

Spleen cells from Balb/c mice immunized with bovine IgG1 heavy chain were successfully fused with SP2/0 mouse myeloma cells and culture fluid of the hybrid cells were tested for specificity by enzyme-linkers immunosorbent assay. Of 48 initial hybrid clones, 21 produced antibodies to bovine IgG1. After cloning and rectoning, 2 (G1D2, G1H12) of these hybrid clones retained specificity and were grown in mass culture. The monoclonal (anti-bovine IgG1) antibody G1D2 and G1H12 were reacted to bovine IgG1 specifically in their dilution of more than 100- and 10-folds, respectively.