Capacity Analysis of Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) over IEEE 802.11ac Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs)

Virdi, Chander Kant,Shah, Zawar,Levula, Andrew,Ullah, Imdad International Journal of Computer ScienceNetwork S 2022 International journal of computer science and netw Vol.22 No.2

Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) has emerged as a personal entertainment source for home users. Streaming IPTV content over a wireless medium with good Quality of Service (QoS) can be a challenging task as IPTV content requires more bandwidth and Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) are susceptible to packet loss, delay and jitter. This research presents the capacity of IPTV using User Datagram Protocol (UDP) and TCP Friendly Rate Control (TFRC) over IEEE 802.11ac WLANs in good and bad network conditions. Experimental results show that in good network conditions, UDP and TFRC could accommodate a maximum of 78 and 75 Standard Definition Television (SDTV) users, respectively. In contrast, 15 and 11 High-Definition Television (HDTV) users were supported by UDP and TFRC, respectively. Performance of UDP and TFRC was identical in bad network conditions and same number of SDTV and HDTV users were supported by TFRC and UDP. With background Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) traffic, both UDP and TFRC can support nearly the same number of SDTV users. It was found that TFRC can co-exist fairly with TCP by giving more throughput to TCP unlike UDP.

Biomaterials Regulate Mechanosensors YAP/TAZ in Stem Cell Growth and Differentiation

Virdi Jasmeet Kaur,Pethe Prasad 한국조직공학과 재생의학회 2021 조직공학과 재생의학 Vol.18 No.2

Tissue-resident stem cells are surrounded by a microenvironment known as ‘stem cell niche’ which is specific for each stem cell type. This niche comprises of cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic factors like biochemical and biophysical signals, which regulate stem cell characteristics and differentiation. Biochemical signals have been thoroughly studied however, the effect of biophysical signals on stem cell regulation is yet to be completely understood. Biomaterials have aided in addressing this issue since they can provide a defined and tuneable microenvironment resembling in vivo conditions. We review various biomaterials used in many studies which have shown a connection between biomaterialgenerated mechanical signals and alteration in stem cell behaviour. Researchers probed to understand the mechanism of mechanotransduction and reported that the signals from the extracellular matrix regulate a transcription factor yesassociated protein (YAP)/transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), which is a downstream-regulator of the Hippo pathway and it transduces the mechanical signals inside the nucleus. We highlight the role of the YAP/TAZ as mechanotransducers in stem cell self-renewal and differentiation in response to substrate stiffness, also the possibility of mechanobiology as the emerging field of regenerative medicines and three-dimensional tissue printing.

Normative anthropometry and proportions of the Kenyan-African face and comparative anthropometry in relation to African Americans and North American Whites

Virdi, Saurab S.,Wertheim, David,Naini, Farhad B. Korean Association of Maxillofacial Plastic and Re 2019 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.41 No.-

Background: There is no normative craniofacial anthropometric data for the Kenyan-African population. The purpose of this investigation was to determine normative anthropometric craniofacial measurements and proportional relationships for Kenyans of African descent and to compare the data with African Americans (AA), North American Whites (NAW), and neoclassical canons. Methods: Twenty-five direct facial anthropometric measurements, and 4 angular measurements, were taken on 72 Kenyan-African participants (age range 18-30 years) recruited at the University of Nairobi in Kenya. The data were compared with AA and NAW populations, and neoclassical canons. Descriptive statistics of the variables were computed for the study population. Results: Significant differences between both Kenyan males and females were detected in forehead height (~ 5 mm greater for males, ~ 4.5 mm for females), nasal height (reduced by ~ 4 mm in males, ~ 3 mm in females), nasal width (8-9 mm greater), upper lip height (> 3 mm), and eye width (greater by ~ 3 mm) compared to NAW subjects. All vertical measurements obtained were significantly different compared with NAW. Differences were observed in comparison with AA subjects, but less marked. Mouth width was similar in all groups. Angular measurements were variable. Neoclassical canons did not apply to the Kenyan population. Conclusions: Anthropometric measurements of NAW showed clear differences when compared with the Kenyan population, and variations exist with comparative AA data. The anthropometric data in terms of linear measurements, angular measurements, and proportional values described may serve as a database for facial analysis in the KenyanAfrican population.

Animals models of spinal cord contusion injury

Verma, Renuka,Virdi, Jasleen Kaur,Singh, Nirmal,Jaggi, Amteshwar Singh The Korean Pain Society 2019 The Korean Journal of Pain Vol.32 No.1

Spinal cord contusion injury is one of the most serious nervous system disorders, characterized by high morbidity and disability. To mimic spinal cord contusion in humans, various animal models of spinal contusion injury have been developed. These models have been developed in rats, mice, and monkeys. However, most of these models are developed using rats. Two types of animal models, i.e. bilateral contusion injury and unilateral contusion injury models, are developed using either a weight drop method or impactor method. In the weight drop method, a specific weight or a rod, having a specific weight and diameter, is dropped from a specific height on to the exposed spinal cord. Low intensity injury is produced by dropping a 5 g weight from a height of 8 cm, moderate injury by dropping 10 g weight from a height of 12.5-25 mm, and high intensity injury by dropping a 25 g weight from a height of 50 mm. In the impactor method, injury is produced through an impactor by delivering a specific force to the exposed spinal cord area. Mild injury is produced by delivering $100{\pm}5kdyn$ of force, moderate injury by delivering $200{\pm}10kdyn$ of force, and severe injury by delivering $300{\pm}10kdyn$ of force. The contusion injury produces a significant development of locomotor dysfunction, which is generally evident from the $0-14^{th}$ day of surgery and is at its peak after the $28-56^{th}$ day. The present review discusses different animal models of spinal contusion injury.

Animals models of spinal cord contusion injury

Renuka Verma,Jasleen Kaur Virdi,Nirmal Singh,Amteshwar Singh Jaggi 대한통증학회 2019 The Korean Journal of Pain Vol.32 No.1

Spinal cord contusion injury is one of the most serious nervous system disorders, characterized by high morbidity and disability. To mimic spinal cord contusion in humans, various animal models of spinal contusion injury have been developed. These models have been developed in rats, mice, and monkeys. However, most of these models are developed using rats. Two types of animal models, i.e. bilateral contusion injury and unilateral contusion injury models, are developed using either a weight drop method or impactor method. In the weight drop method, a specific weight or a rod, having a specific weight and diameter, is dropped from a specific height on to the exposed spinal cord. Low intensity injury is produced by dropping a 5 g weight from a height of 8 cm, moderate injury by dropping 10 g weight from a height of 12.5–25 mm, and high intensity injury by dropping a 25 g weight from a height of 50 mm. In the impactor method, injury is produced through an impactor by delivering a specific force to the exposed spinal cord area. Mild injury is produced by delivering 100 ± 5 kdyn of force, moderate injury by delivering 200 ± 10 kdyn of force, and severe injury by delivering 300 ± 10 kdyn of force. The contusion injury produces a significant development of locomotor dysfunction, which is generally evident from the 0–14th day of surgery and is at its peak after the 28–56th day. The present review discusses different animal models of spinal contusion injury.

Impact of Time-perspective Training on Psychological Variables among Taekwondo Athletes

( Mallesham Chengol ),( Goutam Singh Virdi ),( Marry Rani ) 국제태권도학회 2017 International Symposium for Taekwondo Studies Vol.2017 No.-

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the impact of time-perspective training on time profile, sport anxiety during physical activity, aggression, and positive and negative experiences among Taekwondo athletes. Methods: The pre-test, post-test, and pre-experimental single group design was adopted for the study. Six timed perspective training sessions were provided to six athletes (1 female, 5 males) over a period of three weeks. Pre- and post-tests were conducted for the athletes using time perspective inventory, aggression inventory, physical activity, sport anxiety scale, and scale of positive and negative experiences. Results: The Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test revealed a significant difference in future time profile and anxiety during physical activity and hostility. The post-test results showed significantly lower scores in future time profile, but higher scores for sport anxiety during physical activity and hostility than the pre-test results. Conclusions: The isolated emphasis of particular domain of time profile may lead to negative consequences by increasing anxiety and hostility. Hence, psychologists and coaches need to plan sessions towards ideal time profile to facilitate handling the past, present, and future more meaningfully.

Effects of 12 weeks competitive phase specific training on selected biochemical and haematological parameters of male Taekwondo players

Usha Sri Kaniganti,Pralay Majumdar,Goutam Singh Virdi,Mary Rani 국민체육진흥공단 한국스포츠정책과학원 2018 International Journal of Applied Sports Sciences Vol.30 No.2

The aim of the present study was to find out the effects of 12 weeks of competitive phase specific training on basal levels of selected biochemical and haematological variables in male Taekwondo players. A total of 15 Indian male Taekwondo players (Age: 16.9±1.4 years; Height: 173.5±0.81 cm; Weight: 60.92±11.79 kg, BMI: 20.04±2.44 kg/m2) were volunteered for this study. Twelve weeks of competitive phase specific Taekwondo training was given to the participants for the perfection of technical skills and for the improvement of general physical conditioning abilities. Blood samples were collected from antecubital vein in the morning after overnight fasting and 24 hours of rest, both before and after training. The samples were analyzed for the selected biochemical and haematological parameters such as Lipid profile, Iron Profile, Creatine phosphokinase (CPK) Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and Complete Blood Picture (CBP). Data were analyzed by paired-t test by using SPSS software. A significant increase (P<0.05) of Serum Iron, Total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, Hematocrit, and Mean Corpuscular Volume were observed after training. Also a significant reduction (P<0.05) in total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol Ratio, Lactate Dehydrogenase and Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) were noted after the training. From this study it is concluded that the competitive phase specific Taekwondo training is effective for improving lipid profile and some of the biochemical parameters in national level male Taekwondo players and biochemical monitoring will be helpful for the evaluation of training effects and training related adaptations at molecular level.

Conditioning-induced cardioprotection: Aging as a confounding factor

Randhawa, Puneet Kaur,Bali, Anjana,Virdi, Jasleen Kaur,Jaggi, Amteshwar Singh The Korean Society of Pharmacology 2018 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.22 No.5

The aging process induces a plethora of changes in the body including alterations in hormonal regulation and metabolism in various organs including the heart. Aging is associated with marked increase in the vulnerability of the heart to ischemia-reperfusion injury. Furthermore, it significantly hampers the development of adaptive response to various forms of conditioning stimuli (pre/post/remote conditioning). Aging significantly impairs the activation of signaling pathways that mediate preconditioning-induced cardioprotection. It possibly impairs the uptake and release of adenosine, decreases the number of adenosine transporter sites and down-regulates the transcription of adenosine receptors in the myocardium to attenuate adenosine-mediated cardioprotection. Furthermore, aging decreases the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator 1-alpha ($PGC-1{\alpha}$) and subsequent transcription of catalase enzyme which subsequently increases the oxidative stress and decreases the responsiveness to preconditioning stimuli in the senescent diabetic hearts. In addition, in the aged rat hearts, the conditioning stimulus fails to phosphorylate Akt kinase that is required for mediating cardioprotective signaling in the heart. Moreover, aging increases the concentration of $Na^+$ and $K^+$, connexin expression and caveolin abundance in the myocardium and increases the susceptibility to ischemia-reperfusion injury. In addition, aging also reduces the responsiveness to conditioning stimuli possibly due to reduced kinase signaling and reduced STAT-3 phosphorylation. However, aging is associated with an increase in MKP-1 phosphorylation, which dephosphorylates (deactivates) mitogen activated protein kinase that is involved in cardioprotective signaling. The present review describes aging as one of the major confounding factors in attenuating remote ischemic preconditioning-induced cardioprotection along with the possible mechanisms.

Conditioning-induced cardioprotection

Puneet Kaur Randhawa,Anjana Bali,Jasleen Kaur Virdi,Amteshwar Singh Jaggi 대한생리학회-대한약리학회 2018 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.22 No.5

The aging process induces a plethora of changes in the body including alterations in hormonal regulation and metabolism in various organs including the heart. Aging is associated with marked increase in the vulnerability of the heart to ischemia-reperfusion injury. Furthermore, it significantly hampers the development of adaptive response to various forms of conditioning stimuli (pre/post/remote conditioning). Aging significantly impairs the activation of signaling pathways that mediate preconditioning-induced cardioprotection. It possibly impairs the uptake and release of adenosine, decreases the number of adenosine transporter sites and down-regulates the transcription of adenosine receptors in the myocardium to attenuate adenosine- mediated cardioprotection. Furthermore, aging decreases the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator 1-alpha (PGC-1a) and subsequent transcription of catalase enzyme which subsequently increases the oxidative stress and decreases the responsiveness to preconditioning stimuli in the senescent diabetic hearts. In addition, in the aged rat hearts, the conditioning stimulus fails to phosphorylate Akt kinase that is required for mediating cardioprotective signaling in the heart. Moreover, aging increases the concentration of Na+ and K+, connexin expression and caveolin abundance in the myocardium and increases the susceptibility to ischemia-reperfusion injury. In addition, aging also reduces the responsiveness to conditioning stimuli possibly due to reduced kinase signaling and reduced STAT-3 phosphorylation. However, aging is associated with an increase in MKP-1 phosphorylation, which dephosphorylates (deactivates) mitogen activated protein kinase that is involved in cardioprotective signaling. The present review describes aging as one of the major confounding factors in attenuating remote ischemic preconditioninginduced cardioprotection along with the possible mechanisms.

Comparative Evaluation of Depth of Cure of Three High Viscosity Bulk Fill Composites versus Conventional Composite: An In Vitro Study

Meenu G Singla,Nikhil Relhan,Ishpreet Virdi 대한예방치과학회 2018 International Journal of Clinical Preventive Denti Vol.14 No.2

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the microhardness and depth of cure of three high viscosity bulk fill resin composites and to compare it with a conventional composite. Methods: To evaluate depth of cure, the composite specimen was prepared using metallic mold with a hole of 4 mm depth and 4 mm internal diameter which was bulk filled with each of the three bulk fill composites (SonicFill, Filtek Bulk Fill Posterior & Beautifil Bulk Restorative) and light cured for 20 seconds. The conventional composite (Tetric N Ceram) was filled in the increments of 2-mm. The top and bottom surface hardness was measured using a Vickers microhardness indenter. The depth of cure was then calculated by dividing the bottom & top mean hardness values. Results: Sonicfill showed maximum surface microhardness followed by Beautifil Bulk restorative, Tetric N Ceram and Filtek Bulk Fill. Maximum depth of cure was seen in SonicFill followed by Filtek Bulk Fill, Tetric N Ceram and Beautifil Bulk restorative and the difference was statistically significant. SonicFill and Filtek Bulk Fill were able to achieve the minimum depth of cure value ≥0.80 at 4-mm depth. Beautiful bulk restorative composite was not able to achieve the minimum bottom to top ratio of 0.80. Conclusion: Microhardness and depth of cure is a material specific property and factors such as composition; content and size of fillers; viscosity and translucency of the material play an important role in determining the properties of the bulk fill composite.