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Tseren-Ochir, Erdene-Ochir,Kwon, Jung-Hoon,Noh, Jin-Yong,Jeong, Jei-Hyun,Jeong, Sol,Kim, Kyu-Jik,Lee, Ji-Ho,Kim, Jun-Beom,Kim, Yu-Jin,Lee, Sun-Hak,Kim, Jun-Young,Song, Chang-Seon Elsevier 2018 Infection, genetics and evolution Vol.61 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In recent years, avian paramyxovirus type 4 (APMV-4) frequently isolated from wild and domestic bird populations particularly waterfowls worldwide. However, molecular characteristics and genetic diversity of APMV-4 are uncertain, owing to the limited availability of sequence information. A total of 11 APMV-4 strains from 9850 fecal, swab, and environmental samples were isolated during the surveillance program in wintering seasons of 2013–2017 in South Korea. We performed genetic characterization and phylogenetic analysis to investigate the genetic diversity and relatedness between isolates from the region. We report high APMV-4 genetic diversity (multiple genotypes and sub-genotypes) among wild bird and poultry populations in Korea and that the potential virus exchange occurs between neighboring countries via wild bird migration. Furthermore, our study results suggest the possibility of transcontinental transmission of APMV-4 between Asia and Europe.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The APMV-4 strains were isolated from wild bird samples and environment in Korea. </LI> <LI> Phylogenetic analysis provided an evidence that at least four genotypes likely exist within APMV-4 in the world. </LI> <LI> The similar viruses originating from sample collected from multiple sites across the region/continent. </LI> <LI> Possible transcontinental transmission of APMV-4 was detected between Asia and Europe. </LI> <LI> Migratory birds might play an important role as a natural reservoir and carrier in the international movement of viruses. </LI> </UL> </P>
Sources and fluxes of Pt, Ir and REE in the Seoul metropolitan area through wet scavenging processes
Soyol-Erdene, Tseren-Ochir,Han, Yeongcheol,Lee, Borom,Huh, Youngsook Elsevier 2011 Atmospheric environment Vol.45 No.11
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Platinum group elements (PGEs: Pt and Ir) and rare earth elements (REEs) were analyzed in rainwater samples collected in Seoul during the summer of 2008 to identify their sources and quantify their wet-deposition fluxes to the Earth’s surface environment. Major (Na, K, Mg, Ca, NH<SUB>4</SUB><SUP>+</SUP>, SO<SUB>4</SUB><SUP>2−</SUP>, NO<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>−</SUP>, Cl<SUP>−</SUP> and F<SUP>−</SUP>) and minor (Fe, Ba, Y and Hf) elements were also measured to facilitate interpretation. Evaluation of elemental correlations, crustal enrichment factors, Ir/Pt ratios and REE patterns indicated meteoric/volcanic sources for Pt and Ir and additional anthropogenic sources for Pt. REEs were predominantly of crustal origin. The relationship between concentrations and rainfall indicated that below-cloud scavenging (wash-out) was the main scavenging mechanism for most elements. The wet-deposition fluxes in Seoul were higher than those recorded in polar ice cores for Pt and Ir and were comparable to those from other rainwater studies of REEs in East Asia.</P> <P><B>Research highlights</B></P><P>► We identify the sources and quantify the wet-deposition fluxes of Pt, Ir and REE. ► Pt and Ir had meteoric/volcanic sources and additional anthropogenic sources for Pt. ► REEs were predominantly of crustal origin. ► Ir and REE were removed by below-cloud scavenging (wash-out). ► The wet-deposition fluxes in Seoul were higher than in polar ice cores for Pt and Ir.</P>
Soyol-Erdene, Tseren-Ochir,Huh, Youngsook,Hong, Sungmin,Hur, Soon Do American Chemical Society 2011 Environmental science & technology Vol.45 No.14
<P>Antarctic snow preserves an atmospheric archive that enables the study of global atmospheric changes and anthropogenic disturbances from the past. We report atmospheric deposition rates of platinum group elements (PGEs) in Antarctica during the last ∼50 years based on determinations of Pt, Ir, and Rh in snow samples collected from Queen Maud Land, East Antarctica to evaluate changes in the global atmospheric budget of these noble metals. The 50-year average PGE concentrations in Antarctic snow were 17 fg g<SUP>–1</SUP> (4.7–76 fg g<SUP>–1</SUP>) for Pt, 0.12 fg g<SUP>–1</SUP> (<0.05–0.34 fg g<SUP>–1</SUP>) for Ir, and 0.71 fg g<SUP>–1</SUP> (0.12–8.8 fg g<SUP>–1</SUP>) for Rh. The concentration peaks for Pt, Ir, and Rh were observed at depths corresponding to volcanic eruption periods, indicating that PGEs can be used as a good tracer of volcanic activity in the past. A significant increase in concentrations and crustal enrichment factors for Pt and a slight enhancement in enrichment factors for Rh were observed after the 1980s. This suggests that there has been large-scale atmospheric pollution for Pt and probably for Rh since the 1980s, which may be attributed to the increasing emissions of these metals from anthropogenic sources such as automobile catalysts and metal production processes.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/esthag/2011/esthag.2011.45.issue-14/es2005732/production/images/medium/es-2011-005732_0003.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/es2005732'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>