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Tomohiro Fujita,Haruno Yoshida,Shunsuke Osaka,Yoneji Hirose,Mieko Goto,Noriyuki Nagano,Takashi Takahashi 대한진단검사의학회 2019 Annals of Laboratory Medicine Vol.39 No.5
No study has described Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (SDSE) isolates that cause repetitive infections (recurrence and reinfection). We compared the microbiological characteristics of SDSE causing repetitive infections with those causing single infections. Three patients with invasive infections were identified based on their medical records, and multiple SDSE isolates were collected at intervals over three weeks, using a laboratory repository. Isolates from 12 patients with single-episode infections served as controls. Six isolates were collected from three patients with first and second episodes of infection. All isolates causing either repetitive or single-episode infection were subjected to emm typing, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analyses. Amplification of five virulence genes (sicG, prtF1, prtF2, lmb, and cbp), biofilm formation (BF), and cell invasion abilities (CIAs) were measured as virulent phenotypes. We observed close genetic similarities in the data obtained by emm typing, MLST, PFGE, and RAPD in four isolates from two patients, suggesting recurrence, whereas two isolates from one patient indicated genetic differences in these data, suggesting re-infection. The presence of the five virulence genes and the BF and CIA measurements appeared not to contribute to repetitive infections, compared with isolates causing single-episode infection. In conclusion, clinicians encountering patients with repetitive infections should be aware of both possibilities: recurrence with closely related strains and reinfection with different strains.
Takashi Takahashi,Tomohiro Fujita,Akiyoshi Shibayama,Yuzo Tsuyuki,Haruno Yoshida 대한진단검사의학회 2017 Annals of Laboratory Medicine Vol.37 No.4
Background: Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (SDSE; a β-hemolytic streptococcus of human or animal origin) infections are emerging worldwide. We evaluated the clonal distribution of complement-mediated cell lysis-like gene (sicG) among SDSE isolates from three central prefectures of Japan. Methods: Group G/C β-hemolytic streptococci were collected from three institutions from April 2014 to March 2016. Fifty-five strains (52 from humans and three from animals) were identified as SDSE on the basis of 16S rRNA sequencing data.; they were obtained from 25 sterile (blood, joint fluid, and cerebrospinal fluid) and 30 non-sterile (skin-, respiratory tract-, and genitourinary tract-origin) samples. emm genotyping, multilocus sequence typing, sicG amplification/sequencing, and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis of sicG-positive strains were performed. Results: sicG was detected in 30.9% of the isolates (16 human and one canine) and the genes from the 16 human samples (blood, 10; open pus, 3; sputum, 2; throat swab, 1) and one canine sample (open pus) showed the same sequence pattern. All sicG-harboring isolates belonged to clonal complex (CC) 17, and the most prevalent emm type was stG6792 (82.4%). There was a significant association between sicG presence and the development of skin/soft tissue infections. CC17 isolates with sicG could be divided into three subtypes by RAPD analysis. Conclusions: CC17 SDSE harboring sicG might have spread into three closely-related prefectures in central Japan during 2014–2016. Clonal analysis of isolates from other areas might be needed to monitor potentially virulent strains in humans and animals.
Effects of Outdoor Housing of Piglets on Behavior, Stress Reaction and Meat Characteristics
Yonezawa, Tomohiro,Takahashi, Asahi,Imai, Satomi,Okitsu, Aya,Komiyama, Sonomi,Irimajiri, Mami,Matsuura, Akihiro,Yamazaki, Atusi,Hodate, Koich Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2012 Animal Bioscience Vol.25 No.6
Well-designed housing systems are important from the viewpoint of animal welfare and improvement of meat production. In this study, we investigated the effects of outdoor housing of pigs on their behavior, cortisol levels, and meat characteristics. Two groups that were born and raised in a spacious outdoor pen ($4{\times}10$ m for every two sows) or a minimum-sized standard pen in a piggery ($1.9{\times}2.2$ m for every sow) were studied. When their behaviors at the age of 2 to 3 wk were observed, the number of rooting episodes tended to be larger (p = 0.0509) and the total time of rooting tended to be longer (p = 0.0640) in the outdoor-housed piglets although the difference was not significant. Basal salivary cortisol levels of the outdoor piglets at the age of 4 wk were significantly lower than those of the indoor piglets ($5.0{\pm}0.59$ ng/ml vs. $11.6{\pm}0.91$ ng/ml, 30 min after treatment), although their plasma cortisol levels were similar ($53.3{\pm}3.54$ ng/ml vs. $59.9{\pm}4.84$ ng/ml, 30 min after treatment). When the ears were pierced at weaning, plasma and salivary cortisol levels were increased in both groups, even at 15 min after piercing. However, the increase in the outdoor-housed group was significantly less than that in the indoor-housed group. Throughout their lives, body weight and daily gain of the pigs were not significantly different between the two groups. In a meat taste preference test taken by 20 panelists, saltiness, flavor, and color of the outdoor-housed pork were found to be more acceptable. Moreover, when an electronic taste-sensing device was utilized, the C00 and CPA-C00 outputs ($3.78{\pm}0.07$ and $-0.20{\pm}0.023$), which correspond to compounds of bitterness and smells, respectively, were significantly lower in the outdoor-housed pork ($5.03{\pm}0.16$ and $-0.13{\pm}0.009$). Our results demonstrate that the outdoor housing system for piglets induces natural behaviors such as rooting and suppresses the strongest stress reaction of piglets, which could be important for animal welfare. Moreover, the outdoor housing system might change muscle characteristics and improve pork bitterness, flavor, and color. These changes may be preferred by consumers, increasing the sale of these meats.
Kazuhiko Sakamoto,Tomohiro Sakaguchi,Zhaowu Jiang,Tarek Mohamed Naser,Kazuhiko Sekiguchi,Qingyue Wang,Katsuyuki Takahashi 한국대기환경학회 2007 한국대기환경학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.- No.-
To clarify the effect of the Diesel Vehicle Exhaust Gas Regulations enforced by Tokyo Metropolis, Saitama, Kanagawa, and Chiba Prefectures in October, 2003, we compared concentration of various chemical components in size-separated SPM and traffic volume of 2002 or 2003 (before the Regulation) to that of 2003 or 2004 (after the Regulation) at the road site of National Road Route 17 and Prefecture Road Route 57. Generally, decreasing tendency in EC concentration of each particle sizes was found from 2002 and 2003 to 2003 and 2004 sampling periods, respectively. Especially, decrease in average concentration of EC<SUB><2㎛</SUB> was clear. In the next, we analyzed various correlations of chemical components in size-separated SPM and traffic volume. From their results, we concluded decrease of the EC<SUB><2㎛</SUB> concentration at the roadside was caused by this Regulation. Also, we will discuss on long term trend of mass concentrations and chemical composition for SPM and fine particles observed at general environment and around the other trunk roads in the greater Tokyo Metropolitan Area.
Suzuki Noritaka,Eguchi Yawara,Hirai Takashi,Takahashi Takuya,Takahashi Yohei,Watanabe Kota,Banno Tomohiro,Sakaki Kyohei,Maki Satoshi,Takano Yuuichi,Taniguchi Yuki,Aoki Yasuchika,Konishi Takamitsu,Hira 대한척추외과학회 2024 Asian Spine Journal Vol.18 No.4
Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.Purpose: This study aimed to compare data from patients who received intradiscal condoliase (chondroitin sulfate ABC endolyase) injection for primary lumbar disc herniation (LDH) and recurrent LDH.Overview of Literature: Chemonucleolysis with condoliase for LDH is a treatment with relatively good results and a high safety profile; however, few studies have reported recurrence after LDH surgery.Methods: The study participants were 249 patients who underwent intradiscal condoliase injection for LDH at nine participating institutions, including 241 patients with initial LDH (group C) and eight with recurrent LDH (group R). Patient characteristics including age, sex, body mass index, disease duration, intervertebral LDH level, smoking history, and diabetes history were evaluated. Low back pain/leg pain Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) scores and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) were used to evaluate clinical symptoms before treatment and at 6 months and 1 year after treatment.Results: Low back pain NRS scores (before treatment and at 6 months and 1 year after treatment, respectively) in group C (4.9 → 2.6 → 1.8) showed significant improvement until 1 year after treatment. Although a tendency for improvement was observed in group R (3.5 → 2.8 → 2.2), no significant difference was noted. Groups C (6.6 → 2.4 → 1.4) and R (7.0 → 3.1 → 3.2) showed significant improvement in the leg pain NRS scores after treatment. Group C (41.4 → 19.5 → 13.7) demonstrated significant improvement in the ODI up to 1 year after treatment; however, no significant difference was found in group R (35.7 → 31.7 → 26.4).Conclusions: Although intradiscal condoliase injection is less effective for LDH recurrence than for initial cases, it is useful for improving leg pain and can be considered a minimally invasive and safe treatment method.
Masayuki Morohashi,Tatsuyoshi Saito,Masaaki Takahashi,Yayoi Inomata,Makoto Nakata,Masaki Ohno,Tomohiro Kose,Tsuyoshi Ohizumi,Ki-Cheol Shin,Ichiro Tayasu,Hiroyuki Sase 한국대기환경학회 2024 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.18 No.1
Trace elements released into the atmosphere by human activities, such as fossil fuel combustion, flow into forest ecosystems via wet and dry deposition and can flow out via mountainous stream water. The Kajikawa catchment site in Niigata Prefecture, located on the Sea of Japan side in central Japan, suffers from large amounts of acidic substance deposition due to its geographical conditions and meteorological seasonality and is affected by transboundary air pollution originating from the Asian continent due to northwesterly seasonal winds in winter. This study determined the concentrations of trace elements dissolved in precipitation and stream water to comprehensively evaluate the effects of transboundary air pollution on forest ecosystems. The results showed that the concentrations of trace elements and major inorganic ions in precipitation tended to be high in winter and low in summer. The fluxes of many trace elements also increased in winter, reflecting high precipitation amount. Except for Sr, the enrichment factors of the highly enriched trace elements did not show clear seasonality. Therefore, they were continuously influenced by anthropogenic activities. Furthermore, the stable Pb isotope ratio changed significantly during the observation period; however, this was not explained by seasonal changes. This study revealed that trace elements are transported to the Sea of Japan side in central Japan, especially in winter; however, their quantity and content change in response to changes in local and transboundary air pollution.